牛津现在完成时语法大全

PAGEPAGE8现在完成时的重点和难点一、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。如：

HevisitedGuilinin1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)

2.现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：

Jillhasboughtanewcomputer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)

3.两种时态的区分

(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have/has+过去分词"。如：Thefilmstartedat7o’clock.

Hehasbeenateacherformanyyears.

(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。常与具体的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具体的时间状语而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。常与for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,just,already,ever,never等副词和thesedays,thisweek,since...,for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。

看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？①Haveyouseenthefilm?(A)

Didyouseethefilm?(B)

[说明]你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。

②Howhashedoneit?(A)

Howdidhedoit?(B)

[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；

(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。

③HehaslivedinBeijingfor8years.(A)

HelivedinBeijingfor8years.(B)

[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。（3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。举例：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已从巴黎回来了。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回来了。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在团内的状态可延续)HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是团员的状态可持续)HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?He'salreadybeensentfor.4、用于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisisthe…that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1)Doyouknowourtownatall?No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。(2)Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome答案D.ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中，从句要用完成时。注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.5比较since和forSince用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn..Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。1)(对)TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.2)(错)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.显然，第二句不对，它应改为Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.6since的四种用法1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.2)since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3)since+从句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeenhere.4)Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.二、现在完成时考点例析

现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：

一、考查其构成

"助动词have(has)+动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如：

1.Kate'sneverseenChinesefilms，____?

A.hasn'tsheB.hassheC.isn'tsheD.isshe

析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Katehas的缩写，故选B。

2.Hisunclehasalreadypostedthephotostohim.(改为否定句)

Hisuncle______postedthephotostohim______.

析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't,yet。

3.-AnnhasgonetoShanghai.-So______herparents.

A.hasB.hadC.didD.have

析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为herparents是复数,故选D。

二、考查其用法与标志词

(一)当句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等时，常用现在完成时。如：

1.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-______you______yourhomeworkyet?

A.Do;finish

B.Are;finishing

C.Did;finish

D.Have;finished

2.-______you______anywherebefore?-Yes,butIcan'trememberwhereI______

A.Did;surf;surfed

B.Have;surfed;surfed

C.Did;surf;havesurfed

D.Have;surfed;havesurfed

析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。

(二)当句中有"for+段时间"或"since+点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：

1.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.

A.after

B.before

C.since

D.for

析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。

2.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.

A.haslent

B.hasborrowed

C.hasbought

D.hashad

析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。

3.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.

A.didn'treceive

B.haven'tgot

C.didn'thave

D.haven'theard

析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hearfromsb.=receive/get/havealetterfromsb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。

三、考查have/hasbeen(to,in)/have/hasgone(to)的区别。如：

1.-Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?-Yes,Ihave.

A.wentto

B.goneto

C.beenin

D.beento

析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。

2.Myparents______Shangdongfortenyears.

A.havebeenin

B.havebeento

C.havegoneto

D.havebeen

析：本题句中有"for+段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。

四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：

1.Sun'saunthasgonetherefortenyears.(改成正确的句子)

析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's+段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为：Sun'saunthasbeentherefortenyears./Sun'sauntwenttheretenyearsago./It'stenyearssinceSun'sauntwentthere.

2.Susanhasbeeninthiscityformorethantenyears.(改为同义句)

________morethantenyears____Susan______tothiscity.

析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填Itis,since,came。

3.Iwon'tgototheconcertbecauseI____myticket.

A.lost

B.don'tlose

C.havelost

D.iscoming

析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。英语现在完成时复习专题一、单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity21.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway22.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin23.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened24.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome25.Youmustn't_____untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft26.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover27.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught28.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became29.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned30.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead31.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept32.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad33.Howlong_____you_____ill?Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been34.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom35.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take36.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen37.Areyou_____thejacketthesedays?A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on38.He________for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup39.Tomisillinhospital.He______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad40.HowlongcanI______thebook?Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep二、句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_______lastyear.Heforayear.(die)（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGao___________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________三、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？时态选择题专项练习()1.There_______nohospitalsinmyhometownfiftyyearsago. A.isB.areC.wasD.were()2.Whosingsbestinyourclass?Jenny_______.A.doB.didC.doesD.hasdone()3._____theyounggirl_____theoldmancleanhisroomeveryday?Yes,shedoes.A.Does;helpB.Has;helpedC.Did;helpD.Do;helps()4.CanIgotoBeijingformyholiday,Dad?Youcanwhenyou_______abitolder. A.willgetB.getC.aregettingD.got()5.WhatdoesLindaoftendointheevening?Sheoften_______herhomework,butontheeveningofMarch12she_______TV.A.does;watchesB.isdoing;watchedC.does;watchedD.isdoing;waswatching()6.Ourgeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythattheearth_______aroundthesun.A.wasmovingB.movedC.hasmovedD.moves()7.Ifhe_______harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied()8.Don’tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.Iwon’t.Assoonashe_______,I’llaskhimtowritetoyou.A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming()9.Doyoulikethissilkdress? Yes,Ido.It_______sosoftandcomfortable.A.isfeelingB.feelsC.hasfeltD.isfelt()10.Oh,it’syou.I’msorryI_______knowyou_______here. A.don’t;areB.didn’t;areC.didn’t;wereD.don’t;were()11.MrLuXundiedin1936.He_______alotoffamousnovels.A.wroteB.waswritingC.haswrittenD.wouldwrite()12.Yourtelephonenumberagain?I_______quitecatchit.It’s2567321. A.can’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.didn’t()13.Howwasyourweekendonthefarm?Great!We_______withthefarmers.A.enjoyourselvesB.wentfishingC.willworkD.makefriends()14.WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?He_______acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.isdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.drives()15.Jane_______anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShang