轮机英语考证模拟题

•第一篇轮机英语考证指南•PAGE1,第一篇轮机英语考证模拟题(主推进装置）(船舶和机械)Theauxiliaryengineanda.c.generatorcanbeconnectedwith____A,cam B.crosshead C.bulge D.coupling注：副机和发电机用联轴节连接，故选D。Thetermmediumspeeddieselengineiscurrentlytakentomeananenginewithanoperat-

ingrotationalspeedof rpm.A.below300 B.above1200C.between300to1200 D.below1200注：术语"中速机"是指运行速度介于300-1200rpm之间的发动机。（也有说法为300-1000rpm),只能选C，故选C。Therotatingrangeofthelowspeeddieselengineisusuallylowerthan .A.100rpm B.200rpm C.300rpm D.500rpm注：术语"低速机"是指运行速度小于300rpm的发动机，故选CAmongthemainpropulsionunitsonboardtheshipwiththesamecapacity，thelightestone

is .A.steamengine B.steamturbineC.gasturbine D.dieselengine注：船舶使用的各种类型的主推进装置中，如果产生的功率相同，装置重量最轻的是燃气轮机。（比功率大是燃气轮机的优点，同样功率，内燃机中重量最轻，体积也最故选c。Concerningdieselpropelledvessels,theasternpoweristoprovideforcontinuousoperation

astem .equaltothatavailableforaheadoperationat70percentoftheaheadrpmatratedspeedwhileunderwayandunderallnormalconditionsat70percentoftheaheadrpmofaveragecontinuousseaspeed注：柴油机驱动的船舶，倒车转速一般是正车额定转速的70%-80%,故选B。Adieselengineisoperatingat1800rpmanddrivingapropellerat600rpm.Whatisthespeedreductionratio?A.0.30to1 B.3.00to1 C.3.33to1 D.33.0to注：减速齿轮箱的减速比=曲轴转速/螺旋桨转速=1800/600=3，故选B。Enginedisplacementisequaltothecylinder .areatimesthestrokeareatimesthestroke，timesthenumberofcylindersvolumetimesthestrokevolumetimesthestroke，timesthenumberofcylinders注：发动机的排量=气缸面积x活塞冲程x气缸数目，选B。Inusingreductiongearstoobtainefficientpropellerspeeds， .theymustbelocatedattheafterendoftheenginetheycanonlybeusedwithoneengineatatimetheyeliminatetheneedforcontrollablepitchpropellerstheyareconnectedtotheenginewithaflexiblecoupling注：减速齿轮与发动机采用柔性联轴节连接，选D。Maximumhorsepowerofadieselengineisattained .whentheenginerpmispulleddownbyoverloadatratedenginerpmat95%ofratedenginerpmat95%ofaproperlyadjustedgovernorrpmwiththeengineunderfullload注：柴油机的最大功率是在其额定转速时产生的，故选B。*Theterm"moderatespeed"waspreviouslyinterpretedasmeaningaspeedwhichwouldenableavessel withinhalftherangeofvisibility.A.stopping B.beingstoppedC.tostop D.tobestopped注：术语"中等速度"以前被解释为能使船舶在视野的一半距离内被停住的速度。根据题意船舶被停住要使用被动语态，enable后面要跟动词不定式，故选D。 canbefoundonmostmediumtolargemerchantvesselsevenifthemainengineIBeitherasteamturbineor2-strokecrossheadengine.Themediumspeed4-stroketrunkpistonengineThelowspeed2-strokecrossheadengineThemediumspeed2-strokecrossheadengineThelowspeed4-stroketrunkpistonengine注：即使主机是汽轮机，或者是二冲程十字头柴油机，在中到大型的商船上也有采用中速的四冲程筒状柴油机。B中的二冲程机题目中已有，C中的中速二冲程机和D中的低速四冲程机都不对，只有A的中速四冲程机符合题意，故选A。 allowstheenginetobeplacedwhereverismostsuitable,astheynolongerhavetobealignedwithreductiongearingandshaftingasisthecasewithconventionalinstallations.

A.Dieselenginepropulsion B.DieselelectricpropulsionC.Steamenginepropulsion D.Gasturbinepropulsion注：柴油电力推进可以使主机布置在最合适的位置，而不用像传统的推进装置要求与减速齿轮和轴系对中，根据题意选B。Dieselelectricpropulsion指柴油电力推进。Mediumspeedengineshavea powertoweightratiothantheslowspeedtwostrokes,butduetothehigherspeedstendtohave maintenanceintervals.A.higher;reduced B.higher；increasedC,lower；reduced D.lower；increased注：中速机比低速二冲程机的功率重量大，但由于速度高，检修周期较短，故选A。Thedieselengineissimilartothegasolineengineinthat .bothofthemareignitedbycompressedairbothofthemaretheformsofexternalcombustionenginesbothofthemhavesparkplugsthepowerisdevelopedbythepistoninthecylinder注：柴油机类似汽油机在于功率都是由气缸里的活塞产生的，故选D。Thereasonwhymoreandmoreofthelargemerchantvesselsarebeingpoweredbymedium-

speeddieselenginesis .theyoperatebetween150and450rpmtheyareconnectedtothepropellerbygearingtheirsmallersizeandweighttheycanbeconnecteddirectlytothepropellerwithoutgearing注：越来越多的大型商船以中速柴油机为动力的原因是它们的尺寸小、重量轻，故选c。Gasturbinesdifferfromsteamturbinesinthat .steamratherthangasisusedtoturnashaftvaporratherthangasisusedtoturnashafttheformerusesgastoturnashaftD.thelatterusesgastoturnashaft注：燃气轮机区别于汽轮机在于前者使用燃气去使轴转动，故选C。Adieselenginewhichisratedfornormaloperationatacrankshaftspeedof800rpm,is

commonlyclassedasa .A.slow-speeddiesel B.medium-speeddieselhigh-speeddiesel D.constant-speeddiesel注：曲轴转速800转/分以额定功率正常运行的柴油机称为中速柴油机，故选B。 isanopeningforsupplyingseawatertocondensers,pumps,etc.locatedinthehullbelowthewaterlineandhavingmeansfortheattachmentofassociatedpiping.A.Seachest B.Scupper C.Scuttle D.Seaport注：海底门是向冷凝器、泵等供应海水的进口，位于水线下方的船壳处，可用于连接相应的管路，故选A。scupper排水口，scuttle天窗。Ashipdesignedforcarryinggoodsrequiringrefrigerationiscalled .A.reefer B.ro/roship C.container D.tanker注：设计用于运输冷藏物品的船舶是冷藏船，选A.Ro/Roship滚装船。Thedepthoftheshipbelowwaterlinemeasuredverticallytothelowestpartofthehullis

called .A.trim B.lean C.draft D.tonnage注：船舶水线以下垂直到船壳最低点的深度称为吃水线，故选c。Whichofthetermslistedbelowrepresentstheoperationalspeedatwhichexcessiveenginevibrationiscreated?A.Non-harmonicspeed. B.Criticalspeed.C.Maximumspeed. D.Designmaximumspeed.注：临界速度代表发动机过度振动产生的运转速度，故选B。Whichofthedeviceslistedisinstalledonadieselenginetoisolatesomeofthecrankshaftvibrationscausedbyrotationalandreciprocatingforces?A.Planetarygearset B.Torsionalvibrationdamper.C.Frictionclutch. D.Airbladderclutch.注：装在柴油机的振减振器用来隔离由回转和往复作用力所产生的部分曲轴振动，选B。Planetarygear行星轮。dieselengineelectricstartingmotorsgenerallyrequireheavierdutymotorsandoperateat

highervoltagesthancomparablestartingmotorsforgasolineenginesdueto____A.higherspeedrequired B.flywheel-effectC.lowerstartingtemperatures D.highercompressionpressures注：因为要更高的压縮压力，柴油机电起动马达与类似的汽油机的起动马达相比，要有更大的功率和更高的电压，故选D。Somemediumandhigh-speeddieselenginesrequirereductiongearunitstoprovideauseful

propellerspeed.Inmostreductiongears，thebullgear .___mustchurntheoilinthesumpisconnectedtothepropellershaftisdrivenatthehighestrpmcompensatesforalignmentvariationsbetweentheengineandpiniongear注：中高速柴油机需要减速装置来提供一个可用（有效）的螺旋桨转速。大多数减速装置，大齿轮与螺旋桨轴连在一起，故选B。bullgear大齿轮。Whenusedwithreversingreductiongears,medium-speeddieselenginesshouldbebolted

totheirfoundationswithfittedboltsatthedriveendandclearance(looselyfitted)boltsin

otherlocations.Thisisdoneto .maintainalignmentwhentheship'shullisworkinginheavyseasensureenginevibrationscorrespondtothenaturalfrequencyofthehullpermittheenginetoexpandawayfromthedrivenequipmentastheengineheatsupandexpandsmaintainenginethrustbearingclearances注：当与倒车减速装置一起使用时，中速柴油机应该在传动端用装配螺栓与底座连在一起，而在其它地方则用间隙螺栓固定，这样可使柴油机热膨胀时留有膨胀余地，故选CWhentransmittedbyareductiongear,dieselenginespeedisreducedandthetorqueavailableforwork.A.remainsthesameB.isreduced C.isincreased D.iseliminated注：通过减速装置，柴油机速度降低，扭矩增加，故选c。Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectconcerningavailableasternpowerfordieselmainpropulsionsystems?Asternpoweristobeprovidedinasufficientamounttosecurepropercontroloftheshipinallnormalcircumstances.Theasternpowerofthemainpropellingmachineryistoprovideforcontinuousoperationasternat60%oftheaheadrpmatratedspeed.Formainpropulsionsystemswithoutreversinggears，controllablepitchpropellersorelectricpropulsiondrive,runningasternisnottoleadtooverloadconditions.Asternpoweravailablewillbeequaltoaheadpowerwhencontrollablepitchpropellersareutilized,thusdiscountingtheneedforincreasedoperatingparameters.注：倒车功率必须能提供足够的功率确保在各种正常情况下能够对船舶进行适当的控制，故选A。Whentwomediumspeeddieselenginescoupledinparalleltoacommonpropellershaftthatoperatesatthesamespeedastheengines，whichoftheoperatingconditionslistedwillapply?Fullhorsepowerisavailableaheadandastern.Oneenginemustberunningaheadandtheotherastern.Fullreversingtorqueisnotavailable.Mechanicalreductiongearingisrequired.注：当两台中速柴油机并排连接到同速运转的普通螺旋桨轴上，需要机械减速装置，故选D。Theabbreviation"M/E"isusedtorepresentthe.A.measureequipment B.mainelectricalC.myengine D.mainengine注：M/E是主机的缩写，故选D。___areincreasinglyusedasmainengineonmerchantvessels，becausetheyhaveahighHp/Weightratio.A.Slowspeeddieselengines B.Medium-speeddieselenginesC.Steamengines D.Gasolineengines注：中速柴油机越来越多地被用于商船，因为它们的功率/重量大，故选B。Propulsionofthevastmajorityofcontemporarymerchantships(especiallycontainerships

andVLCCs)utilizes asprimemover.A.gasturbine B.dieselengineC. steamengine D.gasolineengine注：当前多数商船的动力装置尤其是集装箱船和超大型船使用柴油机作为原动力，故选B。Typicalmarinepropulsionplantsinclude directlycoupledtothevessel'ssinglelarge-diameter,fixed-pitchpropeller.asingle,long-stroke,slow-speed,turbocharged,two-strokedieselengineasingle,long-stroke,medium-speed,turbocharged,four-strokedieselenginetwomedium-speed，turbocharged，four-strokedieselenginesD. avariable-speeda.c.generator注：典型的船用动力装置包括单台低速、长冲程、涡轮增压二冲程柴油机，故选B。With theengineneednottobealignedwithreductiongearsorpropellershaft.A.Dieselenginepropulsion B.Dieselelectricpropulsion.C.Steamenginepropulsion D.Gasturbinepropulsion注：采用柴油电力推进装置，柴油机不需要与减速装置或螺旋桨轴对中，故选B。34.Dieselenginesinsteadofsteamengineswereusedasmainengineonboardshipsismainly

because___A.theyhaveahighmechanicalefficiencyB.theyhaveahighthermalefficiency

C.theyaremorereliable D.theyhavealargevolume注：柴油机替代汽轮机用作船舶的主机主要是因为它们有高的热效率，故选B。Whenashipinloadedconditionfloatsatarbitrarywaterline,itsdisplacementis___ totherelevantmassofwaterdisplacedbytheship.A.equal B.larger C.smaller D.equivalent注：当一条载有货物的船在任何吃水线时，她的排水量等于载货船舶的总重量，故选A。Thedisplacementofashipis tothetotalweight，alltold，oftherelevantloadedship.A.larger B.equal C.smaller D.equivalent注：船舶的排水量等于人们所说的载货船舶的总重量，故选B。Whichoneisnottrue?Twomainareasofskillareinvolvedintheconstructionofship.Therearedistinctdivisionsinresponsibilitiesbetweennavalarchitectsandmarineengineers.Eachshipwillassumevaryingproportionsaccordingtoitstype.Shipscanbedividedintodifferentcategoriesfromdifferentperspectives.注：造船工程师和轮机员在职责上有明确的区别，故选B。Whyagearboxisneededinashipdrivenbyamedium-speeddieselengine?A.Toreducethemainenginespeed. B.Toincreasethemainenginespeed.C.Togovernthemainenginespeed. D.Tofixthepropellershaft.注：中速柴油机的齿轮箱是用来固定螺旋桨轴的，故选D。Apropeller,inordertooperateefficiently,mustrotateatarelatively speed.A.high B.low C,fast D.lowly注：螺旋楽旋转时低速才高效，故选B。(船用柴油机是如何工作的） arrangementshavelowtemperatureairandhightemperatureexhaustgaspassingthroughadjacentports，causingtemperaturedifferentialproblemsforthelinermaterial.A.LoopscavengeB.CrossscavengeC.UniflowscavengeD.Supercharge注：回流扫气布置有低温的进气和高温的排气通过邻近的气口，会对缸套材料产生温差问题。Loopscavenge(回流扫气)Crossscavenge(横流扫气)Uniflowscavenge(直流扫气）Supercharge(增压）。按题意，选A。 scavengemeansbothexhaustportsandscavengeportsarearrangedtothesameside.A.Uniflow B.Cross C.Loop D.Straight注：回流扫气意思是扫气口和排气口都布置在同一侧，故选c。 tappetclearancewillcausetheexhaustvalvetoopenearlyandcloselateincycleandwillincreaseitsmaximumlift.A.ExcessiveB.InsufficientC.CorrectD.Noneoftheabove注：排气阀挺杆间隙过小将引起其在循环中早开迟关并增加其升程（A是间隙过大，C是间隙适当），故选B。tappetclearance挺杆间隙。tappetclearancewillcausetheexhaustvalvetoopenlateandcloseearlyincycleandwillreduceitsmaximumlift.A.Correct B.Insufficient C.Excessive D.Noneoftheabove注：排气阀挺杆间隙过大将引起其在循环中迟开早关并减少其升程，（与上题比较）故选C.____thecylinderwillcontainagreatweightofairandwillbecapableofburningagreatquantityoffuel.AttheendbeginningofthecompressionstrokeAtthebeginningofthesuctionstrokeAttheendoftheworkingstrokeAttheendoftheexhauststroke注：在压缩行程初，气缸内将容纳了大量的空气，并能燃烧大量的燃油，选A。____thesuperchargepressureis,____poweranenginedevelops.

A.Thehigher；themore B.Higher；moreC.Higher；little D.Thehigher；theless注：增压压力越大，柴油机输出功率越大，故选A。 usuallyhelpstoinduceairmovementtoassistcombustion.A.Cylindercover B,MainbearingC.Theexhaustvalve D.Thepistonmovement注：活塞的运动有助于空气在气缸中流动，以利燃烧，故选D。Achargeoffreshairisdrawnintotheenginecylinderandthen bythemovingpiston veryhighpressure.A.pressed；to B.pressurized；withC.pushed；in D.compressed；to注：新鲜空气被吸入到发动机气缸内，然后被运动的活塞压缩到很高的压力，故选D。Adieselengineissimilartoagasolineengineexceptthattheformerhasno__. .A.cross-head B.cylinder C.connectingrodD.sparkplug注：柴油机与汽油机类似，但是无火花塞，故选D。exceptthat除去……一点之外。Alowspeedenginerequires reductiongearbox_____itandpropeller.A.none；both B.no；both C.none；betweenD.no；between注：低速发动机用作主推进装置时，不需要减速齿轮箱（介于发动机和螺旋桨之间），选D。Areductioninloadonadieselengineresultsin ofspeedofthecrankshaftA.areduction B.anincrease C.anouting D.adownwards注：柴油机负荷减少会导致曲轴转速上升，选B。Anincreaseinloadonadieselengineresultsin ofspeedofthecrankshaft.A.areduction B.anincrease C,anouting D.adownwards注：发动机负荷增加会导致曲轴转速下降，选A。Anindicatordiagramisapressure-volumegraphtakenfromthepressureinthe___ ofaworkingengine.A.cranB.fuelpumpC.scavengetrunkD.cylinder注：示功图可以用来表达发动机工作时某个缸内压力与体积的关系，选D。Asaheatengine， energyisthesourceofpowerbywhichthedieselenginecanbeoperated.A.electric B.heat C.mechanical D.exhaust注：柴油机作为热机，热能是其功率的来源，故选B。Atleast cylindersinatwo-strokeenginewillbeconfiguredtoensurethattheenginecanbestartedwiththecrankshaftatwhateverposition.A.6 B.12 C.4 D.8注：二冲程柴油机要能正常工作至少需要4个气缸，故选CAtleast cylindersinfour-strokeenginewillbeconfiguredtoensurethattheenginecanbestartedwiththecrankshaftatwhateverposition.A.6 B.2 C.12 D.8注：四冲程柴油机要能正常工作至少需要6个气缸，故选A。Charging-airpressureincreasesifthereisincorrectcombustionanddropinthe ___ofthedieselengine.A.machineefficiency B.machineryefficiencyC.mechanicalefficiency D.mechanicsefficiency注：如果柴油机燃烧不良，机械效率下降，进气空气压力就会提高，故选CDieselenginesarestartedbysupplying intothecylindersintheappropriatese-

quencefortherequireddirection.A.coolingwater B.compressingairC.compressedairD.cylinderoil注：柴油机的起动是通过按所需要的方向以合适的顺序向气缸通人压缩空气来实现的。压缩空气是被压缩的空气，应该用过去分词，故选c。Dieselenginesarestartedbysupplying intothecylindersintheappropriatese-

quencefortherequireddirection.A.fueloil B.dieseloil C.compressedairD.jacketwater注：柴油机的起动是通过按所需要的方向以合适的顺序向气缸通入压缩空气来实现的，(见上题）故选CDueto actionofpistonssomerelativemotionbetweenpartsincontactinthecoolantsupplyandreturnsystemmustoccur.A.reciprocating B.rotating C.running D.removing注：由于活塞的往复运动，与冷却剂供应及返回管路接触的部件之间的某种相对运动必然发生，故选A。Duringthesuctionstroke，thepistonismoving___ .A.inwards B.outwards C.downwards D.upwards注：吸气冲程期间，活塞下行，故选C。Duringworking,whenthepistonisnearthe ，theairignitesthefinesprayoffuel.A.TDC B.DTC C.BDC D.BCD注：发动机工作时，当活塞接近上止点时，空气便点燃细雾状的燃油，（TDC是上止点，BDC是下止点。）故选A。Engine referstotherelativetimeofpositionofcrank，atwhicheachoperationdur-

ingthecycleiscommencedandiscompleted.A.timing B.deviation C.firingorder D.phase注：发动机的定时指的是曲拐位置的相对时间，在此定时下，循环的每个动作开始和完成，故选A。Engine referstotherelativetimeofpositionofcrank，atwhicheachoperationdur-

ingthecycleiscommencedandiscompleted.A.timing B.power C.firingorder D.deadcenter注：发动机的定时指的是曲拐位置的相对时间，在此定时下，循环的每个动作开始和完成，（见上题）故选A。Exhausttemperatureincreasesinallcylinders，thepossiblecausemaybe___.IincreasedscavengingairtemperatureIIairinfuelpumpsandfuelvalvesIIIfoulingofairandgaspassages.A.I+II B.I+IIIC.II+III D.I+II+III注：所有气缸的排温上升，可能原因有：扫气空气温度过高，空气和废气通道污垢，喷油泵和油头存在空气往往会造成喷油延时，故选B。Foradieselengine,whenthepistonisatthe__ .thecylindervolumeisthelargest.

A.TDCB.DTCC.BDC D.DBC注：当活塞处于下止点时，活塞和气缸构成的容积最大，故选C。Foranordinaryfour-strokedieselenginetheexhaustvalvesclose ___.A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDC D.beforeBDC注：对于四冲程机，排气阀往往在上止点之后关闭，故选A。Foranordinaryfour-strokeenginetheexhaustvalvesopen___ .A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDC D.beforeBDC注：对于四冲程机，排气阀往往在下止点之前打开。可参考四冲程机的定时圆图分析，故选D。Foranordinaryfour-strokeenginetheinletvalvesopen___ .A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDC D.beforeBDC注：对于四冲程机，进气阀往往在上止点之前打开，故选B。Foranordinarymodemmarinefour-strokeenginetheinletvalvesclose___.

A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDC D.beforeBDC注：对于四冲程机，进气阀往往在下止点之后关闭，故选C。Fourstrokesconsistofsuction，compression，__andexhauststroke.A.combustion B.condensation C.charging D.evaporation注：四冲程分别是：吸气、压缩、燃烧（膨胀）和排气，故选A。Fuelhasbeeninjectedbutignitionfails.Thepossiblecausemaybe .A.leakyexhaustvalve B.increasedscavengingairtemperatureC.enginecylindersnotscavengedsufficientlyD.toomuchwaterinthefueloil注：燃油已经喷射，但没有发火燃烧。四个选项中，符合的只能是燃油中含有水分。但严格地说应该是燃油中水分过多，故选D。Fuelinjectedintoadieselengine'scylinderisignitedby __.theheatcompressedfuel/airmixtureinthecylinderB．thefueligniterthefuelinjectorthefuelpump注：喷射到发动机气缸内的燃油是由气缸内空气/燃油混合物的压缩热来点燃的（"压燃式"的含义），故选A。Heatenergyisasourceofpower,but willcausedamagetotheengine.A.excessiveheatB.insufficientheatC.effectivecoolingD.highoutput注：热能是功的来源，但是过多的热量会对发动机造成损坏，故选A。74.Iftheflamefromcombustioninthecylinderofafour-strokeenginepastthepistonintothespacebelow，theaccumulationofflammablemixturewouldbeignited，thusresultingin__A.thecrankcaseexplosion B.liftingofthecylindersafetyvalveC.ascavengefire D.openingofthemanhole注：四冲程发动机气缸燃烧的火焰经过活塞到达下面空间，可燃混合物的积聚会被引燃，这样便导致曲柄箱爆炸，故选A。Iftheflamefromcombustioninthecylinderofatwo-strokeenginepassesthepistoninto

thespacebetweenthepistonandthestuffingbox，theaccumulationofflammablemixture

wouldbeignited，thusresultingin .A.thecrankcaseexplosion B.liftingofthecylindersafetyvalveC.ascavengefire D.openingofthemanhole注：二冲程发动机气缸燃烧的火焰经过活塞到活塞和填料箱之间的空间，可燃混合物的积聚会被引燃，这样便导致扫气箱着火，故选C。Ina enginethechargeofairinthecylinderbeforecompressioncommencesisaboveatmosphericpressure.A.pressurechargedB.naturallyaspiratedC.contaminatedD.highspeeddiesel注：压缩冲程前，气缸内的空气压力高于大气压，这种发动机必然是增压式的，故选A。Inafour-strokeenginesthecamshaftrotatesat .__A.halftheenginerotationalspeed B.twicetheenginerotationalspeedC.theenginerotationalspeed D.fourtimestheenginerotationalspeed注：四冲程柴油机，凸轮轴的回转速度是发动机曲轴回转速度的一半，故选A。Inatwo-strokeenginethecamshaftrotatesat __theenginerotationalspeed.A.half B,twiceC.thesamespeedas D.fourtimes注：二冲程发动机中，凸轮轴回转速度与曲轴回转速度相同，故选c。Inafour-strokeenginethecamshaftrotatesat__ .A.halftheenginespeed B.twicetheenginespeedC.theenginespeed D.fourtimestheenginespeed注：四冲程发动机中，凸轮轴回转速度是曲轴回转速度的一半，故选A。0080．Inanordinarydieselenginethefuelinjectionbegin__A.afterTDCB.beforeTDCC.afterBDCD。beforeBDC

注：常用柴油机工作时，燃油喷射开始于上止点之前，故选B。

0081.Inanordinaryfour-strokeenginetheexhaustvalvesopen__ A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDCD.beforeBDC注：对于四冲程机，排气阀往往在下止点之前打开。可参考四冲程机的定时圆图分析，故选D。Infourstrokesengine,thecycleofeventsiscompletedinfourstrokesof__ .A.thecylinder B.thecrankshaftC.thepiston D.thecross-head注：四冲程柴油机中，工作循环是由活塞的四个冲程来完成，故选C。Inthefour-strokeengine,ittakes tomakeonepowerstroke.A.onepropulsionB.twopropulsionsC.tworevolutionsD.onerevolution注：四冲程机中，产生一个做功冲程，曲轴需要转两转，故选CInthesuctionstrokeairisinducedintothecylinder__.Inthecompressionstroketheairiscompressed.A.byanfuelvalve B.throughaninletvalveC.withanexhaustvalve D.fromanoutletvalve注：在吸气冲程中，空气通过进气阀被吸入到气缸。压缩冲程时，空气被压缩，故选B。Inthetwo-strokeengine,eachrevolutionof makesonepowerorworkingstroke.A.theturninggearB.theturbochargerC.thecrankshaftD.thecompressor注：二冲程柴油机中，曲轴每转一转，就产生一个作功冲程，故选C。Inthetwo-strokeengine，inefficientscavengingandotherlossesreduce __toabout1.8.A.theoutput B.theoilflowC.thediameter D.thepoweradvantage注：对于二冲程柴油机，由于扫气损失和其它的损失，功率优势下降到是四冲程机的1.8倍，故选D。Intoday'spractice，withcylindersofequaldiameterofboreandequalrevolutions，thetwo-

cycleenginedeliversapowerabout80percent__thanthatofthefour-strokeone.A.greater B.smaller C.better D.less注：同样的缸径，同样的转速，二冲程机发出的功率比四冲程机大80%，故选A。Onafour-strokedieselengine，whenthepistonisdrivendownwardsbytheexpandinggas，

itdeliverspowertothecrankshaftthroughthe __.A.thrustblock B.soundingrod C.connectingrodD.pushrod注：四冲程柴油机中，当活塞被膨胀的气体迫使向下时，通过连杆将功率传递给曲轴，故选CSincetheburningorcombustiontakesplacewithintheengineitself,theengineisknownas__A.afire-tubeboilerB.aninternalcombustionengineC.anexternalcombustionengineD.aninternalcombustiongenerator注：由于发动机的燃烧发生在发动机本身之内，因此这种发动机被称作内燃机，故选B。0090.The engineisusedforalternatorsandsometimesformainpropulsionwithagearboxtoprovideapropellerofbetween90to120rpm..A.four-stroke B.two-stroke C.slowspeed D.reversible注：四冲程机一般用作交流发电机的原动机。有时也可用作主推进装置，但此时，往往需要带减速齿轮箱，一提供螺旋桨90到120rpm的速度，故选A。Theabbreviation"MIP"standsfor. __A.middleindicatingpressure B.meanindicatedpressureC.meanindicatedpitch D.middleindicatedpower注：术语"MIP"，是指气缸的"平均指示压力"，故选B。TheabbreviationBDCmeans .A.BostonDieselCompany B.basecirclediameterC.switchboardcase D.bottomdeadcenter注：术语"BDC"，是指气缸的"下止点"，故选D。TheabbreviationTDCmeans .A.topdeadcenter B.temperaturedifferencecenterC.timedelaydock D.topdieselcompany注：术语"TDC"，是指气缸的"上止点"，故选A。Thecompressedairisadmittedtoeachcylinderthroughacamoperatedbystartingair

valvewhenthepistonhasjustpassedits __.A.BDC B.TDC C.BBDC D.ATDC注：当活塞刚刚经过上止点时，压缩空气通过凸轮驱动的起动空气阀进人到气缸，故选B。Theconclusionthatmechanicalefficiencyisalways 100percentiscorrect.A.smallthan B.morethan C.littlethan D.lessthan注：机械效率总是小于100%，故选D。Thecylindercontainsagreatweightofairandiscapableofburningagreatquantityoffuel

at .A.thebeginningofthecompressionstrokeB.thebeginningofthesuctionstroke

C.theendoftheworkingstroke D.theendoftheexhauststroke注：在压缩行程初，气缸内将容纳了大量能燃烧大量燃油的空气。选项中，较合理的答案只能是A,故选A。Thedieselengineisatypeof .A.turbineengine B.gasturbineC.steamengine D.internalcombustion注：柴油机是一种内燃机，故选D。Thedieselengineisatypeofinternalcombustionenginewhichignitesthefuelbyinjecting

itintohot，highpressureairina__ .A.airbottle B.aircompressorC.crankcase D.combustionchamber注：柴油机是一种内燃机，燃油喷射进入燃烧室内高温高压的空气，并被引燃，故选D。ThedistancefromTDCtoBDCofthedieselengineiscalled __.A.gap B.clearance C.radius D.stroke注：发动机上下止点之间的距离即是活塞的冲程，故选D。Theenergyforpushingthispistonupcanbesuppliedfrom __，sothatthepistoncankeepmovingupanddown.A.thesamepiston B.thepistonnearbyC.theotherpistonsD.thegeneratoronboard注：推动活塞向上的能量可由其它活塞来提供，这样活塞能保持上下运动，故选C。ThefigurethatthevolumeofairatBDCisdividedbythevolumeofairatTDCistermedas__A.ignitionratio B.powerratioC.compressionratio D.injectionratio注：下止点时空气的体积除以上止点时的空气体积，即为"压缩比"。故选C。Thefourstrokesarecalledsuction,compression,expansionandexhaust,butonly__ strokeprovidesthepowertodrivetheship.A.suction B.compression C.expansion D.exhaust注：四冲程中，只有膨胀冲程能发出功率，故选CThefour-strokeengineisusedfor_____andsometimesformainpropulsionwithagearboxtoprovideapropellerspeedofbetween90to120rev/min.A.alternator B.turbo-chargerC.remotecontrollerD.windlass注：四冲程机一般用作交流发电机的原动机，故选A。Thefreshaircominginthroughtheinnerairports,iscompressedby toahigherpressure.A.thecylinderhead B.thecross-headG.themovingpiston D.thestationarypiston注：通过内部的气口，新鲜空气进人到气缸，然后被运动的活塞压縮到很高的压力，故选C.Theindicatedpowerofanenginecanbeobtainedbytakingthe____.A.precautions B.rpm C.indicatorcardsD.BandC注：发动机的指示功率是通过测取示功图和发动机每分钟转数（rpm)获得的，故选D。Themainfactordeterminingtheoutputofeachcylinderisthecylinder .__A.density B.bore C.weight D.material注：决定每个气缸输出功率的主要因素是缸径，故选B。Themainfactorwhichdeterminestheoutputofeachcylinderis__ .A.thecylinderweight B.thecylinderboreC.thecylinderlength D.thecylindercover注：决定每个气缸输出功率的主要因素是缸径，（见上题）故选BcThemajorityofmediumspeedandhighspeedmarinedieselenginesformainorauxiliarydriveoperateonthe_____cycle.A.two-stroke B.four-stoke C.long-stroke D.short-stroke注：绝大多数船用主动力或辅助动力的中、高速柴油机是以四冲程循环工作的，故选B。Themarinedieselengineisatypeofdieselengineusedonships.The__ofitsopera-

tionisnotverydifficulttounderstand.A.principle B.principal C,cause D.case注：船用柴油机是一种用在船上的柴油机，其工作原理不难理解。principle原理；principal主要的，故选A。Themechanicalefficiencyofanengine becauselossesoccurintheformoffriction.A.isalwayslessthan100% B.isalwaysmorethan100%A.oilfromthemainenginesump B.anindependentlubeoilsystemC.thestembearingheadtank D.thestembearingsumptank注：在内燃机船上，减速齿轮箱的滑油系统与主机的滑油系统是相互独立的，以免发动机产生的污染物损害减速齿轮，故选B。Theperiodofvalveoverlapiswhen .A.theinletvalveisopen B.theexhaustvalveisopenC.bothvalvesareclose D.bothvalvesareopen注：气阀重叠期是指进气闽和排气阀都开启期间，故选D。Thepistonforcesaretransmittedovertheentirelengthofthecross-headpinthento__ viathelowerhaftsinglebearingshell.A.thepistonrodB.thecrankarmC.theflywheelD.theconnectingrod注：活塞的作用力传递到十字头销的整个长度方向，然后经过下轴瓦传递到连杆，故选D。Hiepistonmovesupanddown,thuscausingtherotationalmovementofthe__ ，A.crankshaft B.connectingrodC.cross-head D.mainbeating注：活塞上下运动，引起曲轴作回转运动，故选A。Thepistonmovingupanddownkeepsthecrankshaft__ .A.torevolve B.revolved C.revolving D.toberevolved注：活塞的上下运动保持曲轴回转。注意"keep"后的宾语补足语，必须采用动名词的形式，故选c。Theportsaredrilledinthelinersatanangleofapprox.20°theresultbeingthat__ isgivenarotarymovement.A.thescavengingairB.theexhaustgasesC.themixedairD.thesprayoil注：缸套上的扫气口成大约20°角度，其结果是使扫气空气产生回转运动，故选A。Thescavengingairportsarelocatedat__ thattheyarejustexposedbytheupperedgeofthepistonwhenthepistonisinthebottomdeadcenterposition.A,soaheight B.suchaheightC.sohigh D.suchhigh注：扫气口应位于这样一个高度，即当活塞处于下止点时，扫气口正好被活塞的上边缘打开，故选B。Theslowspeedmainpropulsiondieseloperatesontwo-strokecycle.Atthislowspeedthe

enginerequiresnoreductiongearboxbetweenitand .__A.thru