【最新】上海市金山区届高三下学期质量监控(二模)英语试卷有答案

金山区2017学年第二学期质量监控高三英语试卷（时间120分钟，分值 140分）2018年4月ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections: InPartA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Foroneweek.1.A.Foroneweek.C.Fortwoweeks.D.Hardtosay.B.Stayathome.A.Gotohersister’sweddingceremony.B.Stayathome.GotoGeorge’GotoGeorge’sbirthdayparty.GotoGeorge’shouse-warmingparty.3.A.50dollars.3.A.50dollars.40dollars.60dollars.55dollars.4.A.Shefeelsboredwiththeidea.4.A.Shefeelsboredwiththeidea.B.Shethinksballetisfunny.Shewillnotgowiththemananyway.Sheshowsinterestintheshow.Shewillnotgowiththemananyway.Sheshowsinterestintheshow.5.A.Snowy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.5.A.Snowy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.D.Cloudy.A.Shehasn’tseenMonet’spaintingsfortenyears.Shehasn’tbeentothemuseumforlong.ShehasbeeninterestedinMonet’spaintingsfortenyears.SheusedtoownoneofMonet’spaintings.A.Fatheranddaughter. B.Friends.C.Husbandandwife.D.Bossandhisemployee.

C.Husbandandwife.A.Themanisnotinterestedinthegamethisweekend.Themanisnotinterestedintheteamthatwillplaythisweekend.Themandoesn’twanttomentionthegame.Themanisnotinterestedinwatchinganygame.A.ShewouldseeEllenatlast.ShesawEllenforthelasttimenotlongago.ShehasmanypeopletoseebeforeEllen.Shewouldn’tliketoseeEllenatall.A.Thewomanissorryfornotbeingabletospendtheholidaywiththeman.Themanisabitannoyedbecausethewomandidn’ttellhimherplanforthewinterholiday.ThemanissorryaboutnotbeingabletogotoMalaysia.ThewomanisexcitedaboutspendingthewinterholidayinMalaysiawithouttheman.SectionBDirections: InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.70. B.80. C.130. D.15.B.OnWednesdays.D.OnMondays.B.OnWednesdays.D.OnMondays.B.Thepaintingclub.D.Themusicclub.C.OnSundays.A.TheEnglishFamilyclub.C.Thesportsclub.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Becausetheyhaven’tasmuchinterestinfindingthecureasinspacetravel.Becausetherearetoomanykindsofcoldvirusesforthemtoidentify.Becauseitisnoteconomicaltofindacureforeachtypeofcold.Becausetheybelievepeoplecanrecoverwithouttreatment.A.Theyrevealtheseriousnessoftheproblem.Theyindicatehowfastthevirusspreads.Theytelluswhatkindofmedicinetotake.Theyshowourbodyisfightingthevirus.A.Itcanactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.Itcausesdamagetosomeorgansofourbody.Itworksbetterwhencombinedwithotherremedies.Ithelpsustorecovermuchsooner.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Itlaststilltoday.Itlastedabouttenyears.It’snotmentionedintheconversation.Itlastsforever.A.Thecommercialsuccessofseveralboysandgirls.Thefunnydailystoriesthathappenedtoagroupofclosefriends.HowpeopleinManhattanmadetheirliving.Americanculture,mainlythecoffeeculture.A.Italwaysreceivedpositivereviewsfromthecritics.Itenjoyedahighrateofwatching.ItwasusedasatoolforEnglishlearningallovertheworld.Itbecameaculturalphenomenon.A.Theymaygotothe“CentralPerk”foracupofcoffee.Theymayopenanewcoffeeshoptogether.TheymaystartpracticingEnglishwitheachother.Theymaygotothewoman’splacetoenjoytheshow.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections: Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Iwaseighteen,summerfading,whenmyparentsdrovemetomyuniversityapartment.Itwasmyfirstapartment.21(walk)myparentssolemnlybacktotheircar,Inoticedthatmymotherhadtearsinhereyes.I22(struggle)toholdbackmyown.Suchastrongwomanwasshe23itwasraretoseesuchashowofemotion.Atthetime,Iwasrathersurprised.Beingtheyoungestoffivechildren,Ithoughtthatmyparentswereaccustomedto24(let)go.Butmaybeit'ssomethingthatnevergetsanyeasier,25manypracticeswingsyouget.Asmyparentsdroveoff,Irealizedthattheywouldreturntoanemptyhome,26alloftheirchildrenleavingtopursuedreamsandlivesoftheirown.Theirnest,fullofloveandjoyforsolong,wasnowempty.Relishing(憧憬)mynew-foundfreedom,Iconcentratedonmycollegelife.Myparentsdidtheirbesttogivemespacetolearnandgrow,evenifIneglectedtocallorvisit.Itwasatimeof “firsts,“andatasteoffirst “lasts.”IhaverecentlybeenplayingTravelFrog,amobilegamethathasmeemotionally27(influence).Inthegameyougatherresources,sendyourfrogonhisadventuresandyourpayoffis,*drumrollplease*...postcards.That 'sright,postcards.Ithoughtitwasasilly,overly-simplisticgameatfirst,butthenitstartedtobringbackmemoriesfromlongago.Whilethegamelacksthenarrativedetailortheinteractivityofothergames,youhavealesson28(learn)fromyouritinerant(四处奔波的)“FrogSon”.Youdonotcontrolwhenhesetsoffonhisadventures,29canyoubesurethatyourhardworkwilllandyouacoveted(梦寐以求的)postcard.Thisgame,however,hasemotionallyaffectedmanyplayers.They30(remind)oftheirparentswhorestlesslyawaittheirreturnhome,theirfamiliarvoices,theirlove.Parentssacrificealargepartofthemselvesfortheirchildren.Itisasacrificethatcanonlybepaidbackwithlove.SectionBDirections: Completethepassagewiththewordsgiveninthetable.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Thereisanextraonethatyouwillfindnousefor.A.evidenceB.significantlyC.completelyD.effectiveE.removeF.applicableG.beneficialH.environmentI.assessJ.influenceCanIndoorPlantsReallyPurifytheAir?Plantsareveryimportanttohumanlife. Throughphotosynthesis (光合作用),theytransformcarbondioxideintofreshoxygen.Theyaresaidto31toxinsfromtheairwebreathe -butisthistrue?OnefamousNASAexperiment,publishedin1989,foundthatindoorplantscancleantheairbyremovingcancer-causingpollutantslikeformaldehydeandbenzene.Laterresearchhasfoundthatsoilmicro-organismsinpottedplantsalsoplayapartincleaningindoorair.Basedonthisresearch,somescientistssayhouseplantsare___32___airpurifiers,andthebiggerandleafiertheplant,thebetter. “Theamountofleafsurfaceareacan___33___therateofairpurification, ”saysBillWolverton,aformerNASAresearchscientistwhoconductedthat1989plantstudy.Otherexperts,however,saythe___34___thatplantscaneffectivelyaccomplishthisfeatisfarfromconclusive.“Therearenodefinitivestudiestoshowthathavingindoorplantscan___35___increasetheairqualityinyourhome,”saysLuzClaudio,aprofessorofenvironmental medicineandpublichealthattheIcahnSchoolofMedicineatMountSinai.There’snoquestionthatplantsarecapableofremovingvolatilechemicaltoxinsfromtheair “underlaboratoryconditions,”accordingtoClaudio.Butintherealworld —inyourhomeorinyourofficespace —thenotionthatputtingafewplantstogethercan___36___yourairdoesn ’thavemuchhardsciencetobackitup.Mostresearcheffortstodate,includingtheNASAstudy,placedindoorplantsinsmall,sealedenvironmentsinorderto___37___howmuchair-purifyingpowertheyhave.Butthosestudiesarentreally___38___towhathappensinahouse,saysStanleyKays,aprofessorofhorticultureattheUniversityofGeorgia.Inmanycases,theairinyourhome___39___turnsover —thatis,exchangesplaceswithoutdoorair—onceeveryhour.“Inmostinstances,airexchangewiththeoutsidehasafargreatereffectonindoorairqualitythanplants, ”Kayssays.ManypeoplemaybedisappointedbywhatKayssaid,buttheprofessoralsomadeitclearthathebelieveshouseplantsare___40___—theyarenotonlypleasantlivingcompanions,butalsoprovideanumberofhealthbenefits.Studieshaveshownplantscanknockoutstressbycalmingthesympatheticnervoussystem,andcanalsomakepeoplefeelhappier.Moreresearchshowsspendingtimearoundnaturehasapositiveeffectonaperson ’smoodandenergylevels.ReadingcomprehensionSectionADirections: ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whatthescientistsaresaying…

Thefirstprimate（灵长目动物）clonesForthefirsttime,scientistshaveusedthetechniquethatproducedDollythesheeptoclonemonkeys.TheChineseresearcherswhoproducedthetwomacaquessaythathavingaccesstogeneticallyidenticalprimateswillbeahuge___41___tomedicalresearch.Itwillgivescientistsaclearerunderstandingofgenetic___42___byenablingthemtocompareanimalswhoareidenticalexceptforonetweakedgene;when___43___drugs,itwillmakeitpossibletoruleoutthepossibilitythatvariationsinoutcomesaredowntogenetic___44___.Butotherexpertshaveraisedahostof___45___.Thesomaticcellnucleartransfer（SCNT）techniqueinvolves___46___acellnucleustoadonatednucleus-freeeggthatisthenpromptedtodevelopintoanembryo（胚月台）.Although23specieshavebeenclonedinthisway,primateshaveonlybeenclonedbeforeusingalesscomplexembryo-splittingtechnique. Similartotheprocessthatcreatestwins,itcanonlyleadtoavery___47___numberofgeneticallyidenticalindividuals.SCNTcanin___48___leadtoafarlargernumberofclones,butintheChineseexperiment,thefailratewasveryhigh.Theteamimplantedscoresofembryos,butonlytwomonkeyssurvivedbeyondafewdays.___49___tothatistheconcernthatbycloningaprimatespecies,theteamhasbrokendownasignificant___50___onthewaytocloninghumans.HerbalremedydangerHerbalremediessuchasSt.John’swortandginsengmaybe___51___whenusedalongsideconventionaldrugs,reportsTheGuardian.Inareviewofmedicalliterature,researchersatStellenboschUniversityinSouthAfricafoundseveral___52___ofalternativetreatmentsappearingto___53___withprescriptiondrugs,resultinginpotentiallydangeroussideeffects.Inonecase,theautopsy（解剖）ofa55-year-oldwhodiedwhileswimmingconcludedthattheginkgobilobasupplementshehadbeentakingmayhave___54___his anti-seizure（防止发作）medicine.Othercasesdocumentedpatientsonstatinsappearingtosuffercomplicationslinkedtoflaxseed,St.John’swortandgreentea.“Ifyouaretakingherbalremedies,youshould___55___ittoyourclinician,”saidoneofthereport’sauthors,DrCharlesAwortwe.A.threatA.variationsA.manufacturingA.messA.concernsA.translatingA.magnificentA.threatA.variationsA.manufacturingA.messA.concernsA.translatingA.magnificentA.theorydamagediseasesapplyingB.differencesfocusestransferringastonishingrealitybenefitC.structuresC.testingC.lossesfundsC.connectingC.limitedC.advanceD.potentialD.factorsD.prescribingD.recombinationD.suspicionD.reversingaccurateD.additionA.AttachedB.RelatedA.accessA.harmfulA.methodsA.dealA.putforwardA.claimA.AttachedB.RelatedA.accessA.harmfulA.methodsA.dealA.putforwardA.claimB.keyB.usefulB.figuresB.interactmovedupB.avoidC.ComparedC.barrierC.helpfulD.AddedD.contributionD.purposefulproblems D.instancesC.mix D.identifyC.helddown D.carriedonC.classify D.mentionSectionBDirections: Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Curefortiredness?Stayinguplateisapotentialbattlebetweenparentsandkids.Butthesolutioncouldbeassimpleaschangingyourmealtime.ResearchersattheUniversityofSurry,UK,foundthatdelayingmealscouldhelpchangeoneoftheinternalbodyclocks.Besidesa“master”clockinthebrain,thereareclocksinotherpartsofthebody.Theyareusuallysynchronizedaccordingtofactorsincludinglight.Duringthestudy,researcherstested10participantstoexaminetheeffectofchangingmealtimesontheirbodyclocks.Theparticipantsweregiventhreemeals -breakfast,lunchanddinner.Inthefirststage,participantsreceivedbreakfast30minutesafterwaking.Lunchanddinnerfollowed,after5-hourintervals.Inthesecondstage,eachmealwasdelayedby5hours.Rightaftereachstage,bloodandfatsampleswerecollected.Resultsshowedthatlatermealtimesgreatlyinfluencedbloodsugarlevels.A5-hourdelayinmealtimescauseda5-hourdelayintheinternalbloodsugarrhythms.Thediscoveryshowedthatmealtimesareinlinewiththebodyclockthatcontrolsbloodsugarlevels.Thisisasmallstudybuttheresearchersbelievethefindingscouldhelpjetlagsufferersandnight-shiftworkers.InastudybytheUniversityofSurreyin2013,researchersexploredwhathappenedwhenaperson’sbodywaschangedfromanormalpatterntothatofanight-shiftworker ’s.Afterpeopleworkthroughthenight,over97percentofthebody ’srhythmicgenesaredisrupted.Thesefindingsexplainwhywefeelsobadfollowingalongflight,orafterworkingatnight,accordingtoSimonArcher,oneofthestudy ’sresearchers.

It’It’slikelivinginahouse.Therethoseroomsthoseclocksarenowdisrupted,whichofcourseleadstochaosinthehousehold,fellowresearcherDerkJanDijktoldtheBBC.Changingmealtimesdidn'taffectthe“master“bodyclock—theonecontrollingwhenwegetsleepy-butitcanresetthebodyclockthatcontrolsbloodsugarlevels.Thiswouldn’tnecessarilycurejetlagcompletely,butitmightreducethenegativeeffects.Astudypublishedearlierthisyearsuggestedthatjustaweekendcampingtripcouldbeenoughtoresetourbodyclocks.Andnowthislatestresearchshowsregularfoodschedulescouldplayakeyparttoo.WhatdidresearchersattheUniversityofSurreyfindfromtheirnewstudy?Connectionsbetweenthe“master”clockandclocksinotherpartsofthebody.Changingmealtimescanbeenoughtoresetoneofourbodyclocks.Adelayinmealtimescausesanirregularchangeinbloodsugarrhythms.Bloodsugarlevelsareaffectedbywhenweeatratherthanbyourinternalclocks.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutthenewstudy,accordingtothearticle?Theintervalbetweeneachmealbeinggivenwasdifferent.Bloodandfatsamplesofthetwogroupsofparticipantswerecollected.Participantswereaskedtoreporttheirfeelingsaftereachstage.Eachmealwasservedfivehourslaterduringthesecondstage.WhatcanwelearnfromthestudybyresearchersattheUniversityofSurreyfrom2013?Allourbody’sgeneswouldbedisruptedifweworkedthroughthenight.Ourgenesoftenbecomelessactiveafteralongflightornightofwork.Thedisruptionofonegenecouldleadtothedisruptionofothergenes.Adisruptiontothebody ’srhythmicgenescancausepeopletofeelbad.Accordingtothearticle, .it’simpossibletoreducethenegativeeffectscausedbyjetlagornightworkthereismorethanonewaytoresetbodyclocksthe“master”bodyclockcontrolsalltheotherbodyclocksachangeinmealtimescanresetthe “master”bodyclock

(B)CanadaApprentice(学徒)LoanBasicsTheCanadaApprenticeLoanisavailabletohelpregisteredRedSealapprenticescoverthecostoftheirtraining.RBCRoyalBankWhatyouneedtoknowTheGovernmentofCanadaoffersapprenticesregisteredinaRedSealTradeapprenticeshipprogramupto$4,000perperiodoftechnicaltraining.YoucangetCanadaApprenticeLoansforupto5periodsoftechnicaltraining.Yourloanwillbeinterest-freeforupto6yearsaslongasyouareconfirmedasbeingregisteredinaRedSealTradeapprenticeshipprogram.Youdonothavetomakeanyloanpaymentsaslongasyourloanisininterest--freestatus.(B)CanadaApprentice(学徒)LoanBasicsTheCanadaApprenticeLoanisavailabletohelpregisteredRedSealapprenticescoverthecostoftheirtraining.RBCRoyalBankWhatyouneedtoknowTheGovernmentofCanadaoffersapprenticesregisteredinaRedSealTradeapprenticeshipprogramupto$4,000perperiodoftechnicaltraining.YoucangetCanadaApprenticeLoansforupto5periodsoftechnicaltraining.Yourloanwillbeinterest-freeforupto6yearsaslongasyouareconfirmedasbeingregisteredinaRedSealTradeapprenticeshipprogram.Youdonothavetomakeanyloanpaymentsaslongasyourloanisininterest--freestatus.Eligibility（资格）Tobeeligible,youmustmeetallofthesecriteria•beaCanadianCitizen,PermanentResident,orProtectedPersonberegisteredinaRedSealTradeapprenticeshipprogramthatisdesignatedbytheprovinceorterritorywhereyouareregisteredasanapprenticebeenrolledinblockreleasetechnicaltrainingortheequivalentfulltimetechnicaltrainingwithanapprovedtechnicaltrainingprovider;passacreditcheck(requiredifyouareapplyingforthefirsttime)YouarenoteligibleifyouareahighschoolstudentareanapprenticeregisteredintheprovinceofQuebecarereceivingaCanadaStudentLoanforthesametechnicaltraininghavebeentoldthatyouarerestrictedfromreceivingaCanadaApprenticeLoanoraCanadaStudentLoan;havealreadyreceivedfundingfor5periodsoftechnicaltraininghavealreadyreceived6yearsofinterest-freestatus.WhowillfailtogetCanadaApprenticeLoansaccordingtothepassage?AnapprenticewhousedtostudyintheprovinceofQuebec.AnapprenticewhogottheCanadianCitizenshipthreeyearsago.Anapprenticewhoislookingforanapprovedtechnicaltrainingprovider.Anapprenticewhohasbeenfundedfortechnicaltrainingthreetimes.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFalseaccordingtothepassage?Youcangettheloanwithoutpayingtheinterest.Youcantotallygettheloanof$20,000in5periods.YoushouldberegisteredinaRedSealTradeapprenticeshipprogram.Youhavetomakesomeloanpaymenteventhoughyourloanisininterest-freestatus.Thepurposeofthepassageisintendedto ．promotethebusinessofCanadianbankshelpstudentsinneedcompletetheirstudiesrecruitmoreapprenticesforCanadiancompaniesprovideapprenticeswithfundtoreceivetechnicaltraining(C)Thebattleforwomen’srighttovoteOnehundredyearsago,Britishwomenweregiventhevoteforthefirsttime.Howdiditcomeabout?Thefirstappealsforwomen’srighttovoteinBritaindatefromtheearly19thcentury.In1818,inhisPlanofParliamentaryReform,JeremyBenthaminsistedthatwomenshouldbegiventhevote.Womenatthetimehadnopoliticalrightsatall -theyweredeemedtoberepresentedbytheirhusbandsorfathers.Theoldargumentsprevailed.Women,itwassaid,werementallylessablethanmen;their“naturalsphere”wasinthehome;theywereunabletofightfortheircountry,andthusundeservingoffullrights;moreover,theysimplydidn’twantthevote.Thiswasatleastpartlytrue.“Ihaveneverfeltthewantofavote,”declaredFlorenceNightingalein1867,whileQueenVictoriacondemnedthe“mad,wickedfollyofwomen’srights”.EvenGeorgeEliotwasreluctanttobackthecause.Itwasn’tuntilthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturythatthefirstcampaigningwomen ’sgroupswereformed.Initiallytheyfocusedonthelackofeducation,employmentopportunitiesandlegalrightsforwomen(marriedwomen,atthetime,hadnoindependentlegalstanding);butthequestionofthevotegraduallybecamecentraltotheirdemands -bothsymbolically,asarecognitionofwomen’srights,andpractically,asameansofimprovingwomen ’slives.However,thewomen’scampaigningwasstillasubjectofdebate.Whilemosthistoriansagreethatthecampaignswereinitiallyveryeffectiveinmobilizingwomenandhighlightinginjustices,aseriesofmassprocessionsfollowed;morethan250,000womenprotestedinHydeParkin1908.Manywerearrestedandill-treated;prisonerswhowentonhungerstrikewerebrutallyforce-fed.Overtimetheybecamesteadilymoremilitantsmashingshopwindows,settingfiretoletterOvertimetheybecamesteadilymoremilitantsmashingshopwindows,settingfiretolettersvotes,wasboxes,librariesandevenhomes.ThePM,HerbertAsquith,anopponentofwomenattackedwithadogwhip.Suchuseofviolencewasthought,certainlyatthetime,tohavebeenunfavorable.svotes,wasWiththesacrificesoftheFirstWorldWarstrengtheningsupportforwideningtherighttovotegenerally,womensuspendedcampaigning.Morethanamillionwomenwerenewlyemployedoutsidethehome--inmunitions(军需品 )factories,engineeringworks.Crucially,AsquithwasreplacedasPMbyDavidLloydGeorge,a supporterofvotesforwomen.TheRepresentationofthePeopleAct1918wasintroducedbythecoalitiongovernmentandpassedbyamajorityof385to55,gainingtheRoyalAssenton6February1918.Womenover30,whowerehouseholdersormarriedtoone,oruniversitygraduates,weregiventhevote.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhywomenwerenotqualifiedtovote?Womenweresupposedtodohouseworkandservetheirhusbands.Womenweretooweaktofightagainstenemies.Womenhadalreadyenjoyedmanypoliticalrights.Womenwerenotasintelligentasmen.Accordingtothepassage,whydidwomen’scampaigningarousedebate?Becauseitfailedtomobilizewomenandemphasizeinjustices.Becausewomenwereputinprisonandabusedduringtheprotest.Becausemostwomendidn’twantthevote.Becausealltheemotionalbehaviorswereregardedasimproper.Theword“militant”(inLine5,Para.4)probablyrefersto .A.imposing. B.extreme. C.negative. D.obedient.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Womenstoppedprotestingfortheirvotebecausetheywereofferedmorejobopportunities.ThePM,HerbertAsquith,anopponentofwomen ’svotes,committedsuicide.Thefirstcampaigningwomengroupswereformedoriginallyforthesakeoflegalrights.AllwomencanenjoytheirrighttovotesincetheintroductionofPeopleAct.SectionCDirections: Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Ifweseealinemovingfaster,wemightswitchwithouthavingenoughextrainformation.Aboutoneinfivepeoplegrewimpatientatthebackofthequeueandswitchedtotheotherlineinthehopeofspeedingthingsup.Doyouholdyournerveandstayput,switchtoanotherlineinthehopeitmovesfaster,orgiveupaltogether?Basedonhisstudy,Buellsayspeopleshouldthinkhardaboutswitchingqueueswhentheyarethelastinaline.Inanunpublishedworkingpaperontheresearch,Buellnotesthatpeopletendtofeelunhappiestatthebackofaqueueforthefirst10secondsorso.Althoughthenumberofpeoplebehindyouhasnothingtodowithhowlongyouaregoingtowait,itshapesyourbehavior.Nooneenjoysthemoment.Youarestuckatthebackofaqueueandasthoseinotherlinesmoveaheadandgetserved,thetimetodecidearrives.67ThisquestionhasnowbeensolvedbyresearchersatHarvardBusinessSchool.Accordingtowhattheyhavefoundinanewstudy,theysuggestpeoplethinktwicebeforeswitchingqueues.TheresearchwasledbyRyanBuell,anexpertinservicemanagement.Helookedintoconsumerqueuingbehaviorafterworkingwitheconomistsonwhatisknownasalast-placeaversion,"thediscomfortpeoplefeelwhentheyknowtheyearnlessthanothersorconsiderthemselvesatthebottomofthesocialpileforsomeotherreason.Asaresultofthisaversiontobeingthelast,whenapersonfindshimselfattheendofaqueue,hecanmakedecisionsthathewilllaterregret.Buellbeganbyobservingpeopleatamulti-checkoutgrocerystoreandthensetupanonlinesurvey.Peoplewhotookpartinthesurveyweretolditwouldtakeaboutfiveminutes.Inreality,ittookonlyoneminute,butwhenparticipantsloggedinforthesurvey,theywereforcedtowaitinavirtualqueuedisplayedonthescreen.Theystartedatthebackandcouldwait,switchtoasecondqueueorchoosetoleave.68Onaverage,however,thosewhoswitchedwaited10percentlongerthaniftheyhadstayedput.Thosewhoswitchedtwiceendedupwaiting67percentlongerthaniftheyhadnevermoved.“Whenwejoinaqueue,wetendtomakethemostrationalchoicewecan,whichmeansjoiningtheshortestqueue.69Unfortunately,wecanoftengetitwrong, “saidBuell.70Afterthat,theaversionfades.Theresearchersuggestspeoplehaveachatwiththepersoninfrontsothattheycanpassthetimemorecomfortablyuntilsomeoneelsejoinsbehindthem. "Rememberthatthepersoninfrontofyouwasthelastuntilyouarrived,sosomeoneBuellsaid.willshowupifyouhangaroundlongenough,Buellsaid.SummaryWritingDirections: Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Astechnologygrows,manyuniversityinstructorsare findingwaystoguideonlinelearningplatformsintotheirclassrooms.ProgramssuchasBlackboard,WebCTandMoodleallowteacherstopostreadingassignments,PowerPointpresentations,lecturenotesandquizzesforstudentstocompleteoutsideofclass.Whilepostinglessonsonlinecanbefriendlytostudents'communicationstylesandeasilyaccessible,theyalsocausedisadvantages.Onedisadvantageisthatitmayencouragestudentstodependontechnologyintheclassroom.Insteadofphysicaltextbooks,manynowbringcellphonestoaccessmaterialsduringclassdiscussions.Whileelectronicdevicescanbevaluablelearningtools,theyalsocanleadtodistractionsfrom