Unit 4 重点单词 重点短语总结讲义-高一英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

必修二-外研版-Unit4重点单词+重点短（总结）1.appealing.adj.有吸引力的，有趣的→appealvi.＆n.吸引；呼吁；恳求；上诉find...appealing觉得······有吸引力beappealingtosb.对某人有吸引力anappealingsenseofhumour吸引人的幽默感appealingdesign造型美丽；造型优美appealto吸引，对······有吸引力；引起······的兴趣；呼吁；上诉appealtosb.todosth.呼吁某人做某事appealtosb.forhelp向某人求助makeanappealtosb.forhelp呼吁／恳求某人帮助havenoappealforsb.对某人没有吸引力appealcourt上诉法院appealagainst提出上诉2.definitely.adv.确切地，肯定地→definiteadj.明确的；确切的；肯定的definitelyneedsth.肯定需要某物bedefinitelyworthavisit绝对值得一游bedefinitelyworthdoing...绝对值得Definitely！（口）当然！Definitelynot！（口）当然不！givesb.adefiniteanswer给某人一个明确的答复fixadefinitedate定一个确切的日期bedefiniteabout...对······有把握3.rude.adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→rudely.adv.无礼地，粗暴地→rudeness.n.粗鲁；无礼berudetosb.对某人粗鲁／无礼appear／soundrude显得／听起来粗鲁berudeinmanners=beinarudemanner举止粗鲁arudecomment/remark粗鲁的评论／话Itisrude（ofsb.）todosth.（某人）做某事是粗鲁的。Bepolitetosb.对某人有礼貌bekindtosb.对某人友好4.thenumberof...····的数量*对比：thenumberof/anumberof·thenumberof······的数量，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数；·anumberof许多的，大量的，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。*其他表数量很多的短语有：·修饰可数名词：agreat／goodmany，quiteafew;·修饰不可数名词：agreatdealof，alargeamountof;·修饰可数或不可数名词：alotof，lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof。5.transport.n.交通运输系统，运输方式vt.运输；运送air/rail/roadtransport空中／铁路／公路运输ameansoftransport一种交通方式publictransport公共交通，公共交通工具travelon/bypublictransport乘坐公共交通工具出行haveone'sowntransport有自己的交通工具transport...(from...)to...对比：·transport指运输的行为或交通工具；·traffic指路上行驶的车辆，如heavytraffic拥挤的交通。6.arrangement.n.安排，筹划→arrange.vt.＆vi.安排，筹划makearrangements／anarrangement（for）（为·····）做安排arriveat/cometoanarrangement谈妥，达成协议travel/financial/weddingarrangements旅行／财务／婚礼安排anarrangementbetweentheschoolandtheparents学校和家长的一项约定arrangeforsth.安排某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事arrangesth.forsb.为某人安排某事arrangeforsb.todosth.安排某人做某事“安排某人做某事”不能说成arrangesb.todosth.7.disappointed.adj.失望的，沮丧的→Disappoint.vt.使失望→disappointing.adj.令人失望的→Disappointment.n.失望bedisappointedat／bysth.对某事感到失望bedisappointedwith/insb.对某人感到失望bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而感到失望bedisappointedthat...因······而感到失望bitterly/deeply/terriblydisappointed极为失望adisappointingresult/performance一个令人失望的结果／演出toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是indisappointment失望地8.liveupto符合（标准），不负（盛名）liveupto one'sexpectations不辜负某人的期待liveuptoone’spromise履行诺言livethrough经历······而幸存livewith忍受livea（n）...life过着······的生活liveon继续活着或存在；仅以······为主食9.extent.n.程度tosomeextent(=toacertainextent/toanextent）在某种程度上towhatextent在多大程度上toagreat／largeextent在很大程度上toagreaterextent在更大程度上tosuchanextentthat.../totheextentthat...达到如此程度，以至于······／达到······的程度10.inone'sownright凭借自身，靠自己inone'sownright=onone'sownbeintheright（在别人的争论中）有理havetherighttodosth.有权利做某事havenorighttodosth.无权利做某事havearighttobeangry/concerned有理由生气／担心11.original.adj.原先的,最初的；原作的；新颖的；独创的；独特的→origin.n.起源；起因；出身；来历→originally.adv.起初theoriginalplan原先的计划theoriginalowner原主人theoriginalwork原著theoriginalmeaningoftheword这个单词的本义anoriginalidea独到的见解ahighlyoriginaldesign非常独特的设计inorigin在来源上placeoforigin原产地12．turnto转向；求助于；致力于turntosb.forhelp/advice向某人求助／寻求建议turntoimprovingairquality致力于提高空气质量turntotheleft／right向左／右拐turnaround／round转身；扭头turnup调高（音量等）；出现，到来turndown调低（音量等）；拒绝turnon打开（水、煤气、电灯等）turnoff关掉（水、煤气、电灯等）turnout结果是，证明是turnone’sbackon对······置之不理，对······撒手不管turnagainst（使）与······为敌，（使）反对turnin上交······13.awkward.adj.紧张的；不舒适的→awkwardly.adv.令人尴尬地；笨拙地→awkwardness.n.难堪anawkwardchild笨拙的孩子anawkwardexcuse拙劣的借口anawkwardsituation尴尬的境遇anawkwardquestion棘手的问题anawkwardinstrument使用不便的工具anawkwardcustomer难对付的家伙feelawkward感到尴尬beawkwardwith与······一起感到不自在beawkwardat／in在······方面技巧拙劣14.behave.v.表现behaviour→.n.(=behavior）行为；举止→well-behavedadj.举止良好的behave（very）badlytowards／to对······（很）不礼貌behavewell举止良好behaveproperly举止得体behavelike＋n.／pron.表现得像······behaveasif／though＋从句 表现得好behaveoneself举止得体，行为规矩拓展：socialbehaviour社会行为consumerbehaviour消费者行为15.normal.adj.正常的，平常的n.通常标准；常态→normally.adv.正常地；通常→abnormaladj.不正常的，反常的Itisnormal(forsb.)todosth.（对某人来说）做某事是正常的。above/belownormal正常标准之上／之下returnto／bebacktonormal恢复正常undernormalcircumstances一般情况下比较：common/ordinary/usual/normal/regular·common指“共有的，公共的；共同的；常见的”。反义词为mon作“普通的”讲时可与ordinary换用。如ordinarypeople“普通人”也可以说成commonmon还可用作名词，have...incommonwithsb.意为“与某人有······共同之处”；·ordinary意为“普通的，平淡无奇的”，指没有什么特别的地方；·usual意为“平常的，通常的，一向的”，含惯例之意；·normal意为“正常的”；·regular意为“有规律的，定期的”。16.responsibility.n.责任→responsible.adj.有责任的，负责的→responsibly.adv.负责地→irresponsible.adj.不负责任的asenseofresponsibility责任感haveresponsibilityfor(doing)sth.有（做）某事的责任takeresponsibilityfor(doing)sth.对（做）某事负责；承担（做）某事的责任takefullresponsibilityfor承担······的全部责任theresponsibilitytodosth.做某事的责任beresponsiblefor对······负责；是······的原因对比：beresponsiblefor/beresponsibleto·beresponsibleforsth.／sb.对······负责·beresponsibletosb.向（主管者或上级）承担责任Itisone＇sresponsibilitytodosth. 做某事是某人的职责。17.absence.n.缺乏，没有→absent.adj.缺席的；心不在焉的in／duringone’sabsence在某人不在时intheabsenceof因缺乏······absencefrom缺乏，没有；不在······拓展：intelligentadj.→intelligencen.differentadj.→differencen.confidentadj.→confidencen.presentadj.→presencen.beabsentfrom缺席······absent-minded.adj.心不在焉的18.energetic.adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的，积极的→energyn.精力，活力beenergeticindoingsth.积极做某事anenergetictennisplayer一位精力充沛的网球选手feelenergetic觉得精力充沛（be）fullofenergy［＝（be）energetic］精力充沛havetheenergytodosth.有精力做某事pply/devoteone'senergiesto把某人的精力花在······上19.edge.n.边缘ontheedgeofone’sseat极为激动(字面义就是“在椅子的边缘”，但它有引中义。在观看电影、戏剧或比赛时，什么情况下会让你坐在椅子的边缘？当然是心情非常激动时)onedge紧张不安，烦躁attheedgeof在······的边缘·attheedgeof不特指在物体的表面之上·ontheedgeof指在物体的表面之上，也指某事快要发生（尤指不好的事情）。attheedgeofwater在水边ontheedgeofacliff在悬崖边上20.emotion.n.强烈的情感→emotional.adj.情绪上的；情感上的→emotionally.adv.情绪上地；情感上地fullofemotion充满感情amixtureofemotions百感交集expressmixedemotions表达复杂的感情emotionalharm情感伤害emotionalshock情感上的打击emotionalexperience情感经历emotionalsupport情感支柱emotionallydamagedchildren感情上受伤害的孩子21.anger.n.愤怒，怒火vt.激怒→angry.adj.生气的→angrily.adv.生气地inanger生气地showone’sanger发泄怒气holdbackone’sanger抑制某人的怒火befilledwithanger=befullofanger满腔怒火toone’sanger使某人生气的是contain／controlone’sanger强压怒火angersb.激怒某人beangrywith／atsb.生某人的气beangryat／aboutsth.因为某事而生气22.grief.n.悲痛→grieve.vt.&vi.悲痛，苦恼withgrief悲痛地beovercomewithgrief悲痛欲绝controlone’sgrief抑制某人的悲痛cometogrief遭受不幸，失败，被毁Goodgrief！哎呀！天哪！23.combine.v.（使）结合，（使）组合→combined.adj.结合的，联合的→combination.n.结合，联合combineAwith/andB把A和B结合起来combinewith与······结合combineagainst联合起来反对··.···combinetodosth.联合起来做某事incombinationwith与······结合／联合*combine意为“使两个或两个以上的事物组合（结合）在一起”，为避免语意重复，句子中不再用into，together等表示“聚合”的介词或副词。combine...with中的with不能用to代替。24.tickalltherightboxes事情发展如人所愿，一切顺利*从本义来看，tickalltherightboxes表示“在所有正确的方框内打钩”，延伸开来，说明所有的事情都非常正确、顺顺利利。25.grateful.adj.感谢的，感激的→gratefully.adv.感激地；感谢地begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人begratefultodosth.因做某事而感激begratefulthat...感激···..·-Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould／would...=Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould/would...-如果你能······我将感激不尽。（用于提出请求）bethankfultosb.for（doing）sth.为（做）某事感谢某人26.extremely.adv.极度，极其→extreme.adj.极度的Extremelycold/dangerous极其寒冷的／危险的Extremelyuseful非常有用；极有用的Extremelyhigh非常高的Extremelyanxious非常焦虑Extremelypainful极度疼痛／痛苦的Extremelydifficult极其困难的Extremesports极限运动Extremecare／caution极其小心Extremeweather极端的天气Extremecircumstances极端情况拓展：extreme熟词生义：n.极端；极限gotoextremes走极端intheextreme极度，非常27.overcome.v.控制（感情），克服（困难）Overcomedifficulties/badhabits克服困难／改掉恶习Overcomethefear克服恐惧Overcomedisadvantages克服劣势Overcomeobstacles克服障碍Overcomeinjury战胜伤痛beovercomewithemotions/excitement/horror/grief因情感／兴奋／恐怖／悲伤而不能自持28.absorbed.adj.专心致志的→absorb.vt.吸收；使并入；承受；理解；使全神贯注→absorbing.adj.引人入胜的beabsorbedin＝absorboneselfin全神贯注于······，被······吸引seemtotally/completelyabsorbedin似乎完全被······吸引*“全神贯注于／专心于”的表达法：focus/concentrateonfocus/fix/concentrateone'smind/attentiononkeepone'smindonloseoneselfin(=belostin)buryoneselfin(=beburiedin)putone'sheartintodevoteoneselftoapplyoneselfto29.absolutely.adv.完全地，绝对地→absolute.adj.绝对的；完全的absolutelyimpossible绝对不可能absolutelyright完全正确absolutelynecessary绝对必要haveabsolutelynoexperience完全没有经验Absolutely！（口）正是！当然！Absolutelynot！（口）绝对不行！当然不！30.(be)basedon...以······为基础／根据aneconomybasedonfarming.以农业为基础的经济（be）basedonfact.以事实为基础base...in...以···为据点；把（总部等）*base还可用作名词，意为“底部；基础；基地”。atthebaseof在······底部；在······基础上haveabroadbaseofthemasses有广泛的群众基础returntotheairbase返回空军基地31.brief.adj.短暂的→briefly.adv.简要地；短暂地makeabriefspeech作简短的演说abriefvisit短暂的访问abriefstay短暂的停留abriefsilence暂时的沉默abrieftitle一个简短的标题abriefdescription简要的描述拓展：brieflyspeaking＝tobebrief＝inbrief简言之--Inbrief／Tobebrief／Brieflyspeaking，hewashappywiththeresult.-简言之，他对结果很满意。inshort总之，简言之insummary总之，概括来说ingeneral总的来说inaword总之，简言之allinall总的说来onthewhole总的来说32．alltoooften时常，经常是*alltoooften又作onlytoooften。--Alltoooften，doctorsaretoobusytoexplainthetreatmenttotheirpatients.-有很多时候，医生忙得没时间对他们的病人解释治疗方法。拓展：quite／veryoften经常everysooften有时，偶尔asoftenasnot(=moreoftenthannot)（口语）通常，往往，一贯It’snotoften（that）...······不是常事。33.resultin结果为；导致asaresult结果，因此asaresultof由于·······Hemadeonebigmistake.Asaresult,helosthisjob.-他犯了一个大错，结果丢了工作。·Helosthisjobasaresultofmakingonebigmistake.-他由于犯了一个大错而丢了工作。·Hisillnessresultedfromthecoldweather.-他的病是天气寒冷所致。·Thecoldweatherresultedinhisillness.-天气寒冷致使他生病了。34.escape.v.（从危险或糟糕的处境中）逃离，逃避，摆脱n.逃脱；逃走escapefrom／to逃离／逃往escapefromprison越狱逃跑escapeoutofaburninghouse从燃烧着的房子里逃出来narrowlyescape差点没逃脱escapebeingpunished逃脱被惩罚escapedeath死里逃生escapeone'sattention/notice逃过某人的注意；被某人忽视haveanarrowescape死里逃生makeone’sescape逃跑*熟词生义：escape.vi.（气体、液体等）漏出.vt.被忘掉，被忽视，未被注意（不用于被动语态）preventheatescaping阻止热气跑掉35.aspect.n.方面animportantaspect.一个重要方面.inthis／thataspect在这／那方面inmanyaspects在许多方面ineveryaspect(ofsth.)/inallaspects(ofsth.）在（······的）各个方面fromeveryaspect从各个方面36.(be)fullofconfidence充满信心(be)fullofgrief充满悲痛(be)f