新教材人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册全册各单元课时练习题及单元测验

人教版选择性必修第二册全册练习题Unit1ScienceandScientists .-2-271116-Unit2BridgingCultures-29-29343842-Unit3FoodandCulture-57-57626670-Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand-83-83889297-Unit5FirstAid-111-111116120125-Unit1ScienceandScientists课时作业一Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语提示写出单词。Theevidencedemonstrateshoweasilypeoplecanholdcontradictory盾的)beliefs.Washismothertoosevereonhim?Thedriverofthecrashedcarreceivedmultipleinjuries.．Weshouldtransformoursubjectiveworldwhiletransforming(改变)objectiveworld.Accordingtoofficialstatistics，theislandhad37people.6．Thetrafficaccidentsinthecitydecreasedlastyear.Theymadesubstantialchangestothearrangements.Theprimeministerwasalwaysdemandingactiveinterventionearly9．Thepolicehavenownarroweddowntheirlistofsuspectswasnotdispleasedatthewayhehadhandledtheproblem.Ⅱ.阅读理解AJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker，andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandofsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17，hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician，andsovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell.In196at2hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.Fromthennmathematicsprovidedwellenoughforheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930，vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1933，theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed，andhebecameoneofthe6fulltimepeople(Einsteinwasoneoftheothers)intheSchoolofMathematics.WorldWarⅡhugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpure)mathematician.Duringandafterthebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.Duringthepartofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions.Afterthewa，vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputesandgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.HereceivedmanyawarswaspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedin1957ofcancer.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplacehistory.Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallywasa)inhisownthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofthislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthiswa“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了伟大的数学家Johnvon约翰·冯·诺依)生平事迹。Accordingtothetext，vonNeumann'sfatherbelievedthat ．A．amathematiciancouldn'tearnalotofmoneyB．amathematicianneededagoodmemoryC．vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametimeD．vonNeumannhadagiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeedA[细节理解题。根据第一段“hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician”可知，他的父亲认为数学家的生活可能会比较清贫。]VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageof．A．23B．26C．29D．32C[推理判断题。根据第一段“In1926，at23...”和第二段“Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.”不难得出，他29岁时出版了第一本书。]HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?A．Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.Helostinterestinchemistry.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofvonNeumann?A．Hehadthreechildren.Hediedfromanaccident.Hereceivedmanyawardsinhislife.HeandEinsteinwereclassmatesinPrinceton University.ABOnemorning，morethanahundredyearsAmericaninventorcalledEliasHowefinallyfellasleep.HehadbeenworkingallnightonthedesignofasewingmachinebuthehadrunintoaverydifficultproblmItseemedimpossibletogetthethreadtorunsmoothlyaroundtheneedle.Thoughhewastired，Howesleptbadly.Heturnedandturned.Thenhehadadream.Hedreamtthathehadbeencaughtbyterriblesavageswhosekingwantedtokillhimandeathimunlesshecouldbuildaperfectsewingmachine.WhenhetriedtodosHoweranintothesameproblemasbefore.Thethreadkeptgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle.ThekingflewintothecageandorderedhissoldierstokillHowe.Theycameuptowardshimwiththeirspearsraised.Butsuddenlytheinventornoticedsomething.Therewasaholeinthetipofeachspear.Theinventorawokefromthedream，realizingthathehadjustfoundtheanswertotheproblem.Insteadoftryingtogetthethreadtorunaroundtheshouldmakeitrunthroughasmallholeinthecentreoftheneedle.ThiswasthesimpleideathatfinallymadeHowedesignandbuildthefirstreallypractisedsewingmachine.EliasHowewasnottheonlyoneinfindingtheanswertohisprobleminthisway.ThomasEdison，theinventoroftheelectriclight，saidhisbestideascameintohimindreams.SodidthegreatphysicistAlbertEinstein.CharlotteBrontealsoinherdreamsinwritingJaneToknowthevalueofhavetounderstandwhathappenswhenyouareasleep.Evenpartofyourmindisstillworking.Thisunconsciousorneverhavereallynoticed.Itisonlywhenyoufallasleepthatthispartofthebraincansendmessagestothepartyouusewhenyouareawake.Howevrtheunconsciouspartactsinaspecialway.Itusesstrangeimageswhichtheconsciouspartmaynotunderstandatfirst.Thisiswhydreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestoourselve【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲了许多发明源于科学家梦中的灵感。有时被称为“我们自己的秘密信息”，因为奇怪的影像被用于交流想法。TheproblemHowewastryingtosolvewas A．whatkindofthreadtousehowtodesignaneedlewhichwouldnotbreakwheretoputtheneedlehowtopreventthethreadfromgettingcaughtaroundtheneedle[细节理解题。答案定位在第二段“Thethreadkeptgettingcaughtaroundneedle.”可知Howe。]ThomasEdisonisspokenofbecause A．healsotriedtoinventasewingmachinehegotsomeofhisideasfromdreamshewasoneofHowe'sbestfriendshealsohaddifficultyinfallingasleepB[细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“ThomasEdison，theinventoroftheelectriclight，saidhisbestideascameintohimindreams.”可知谈到托马斯·爱迪生是因为他从梦中获得了一些创造的灵感，故选B。]Dreamsaresometimescalled“secretmessagestoourselves”becauseA．strangeimagesareusedtocommunicateideasimageswhichhavenomeaningareusedwecanneverunderstandtherealmeaningonlyspeciallytrainedpeoplecanunderstandthemA[细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段“Itusesstrangeimageswhichtheconsciouspartmaynotunderstandatfirst.Thisiswhydreamsaresometimescalled‘secretmessagestoourselves’．”被用于交流想法，故选。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五Noonelikestofail.Whetherit'satwokathomorinanotherareaofyourlife，failureispainfulanditcanalsobecostlyintermsboth.1 Ifyouneversufferafailure，thenyou'reprobablynotpushingyourselftoyourfullpotential.Thefollowingaresometipsonhowtopickyourselfupafteryou'vefailed.Rememberthatotherpeoplefailtoo. 2 They'lltellyouaboutthatcontracttheythedealthatfailedeventuallythoughtheyworkedonitformonths.Butfailureisnormlandlotsofpeoplfailtimeandtimagainbeforemeetingwithsuccess.Remindyourselfofyourpastsuccesses.Failingdoesn'tmeanthatyou'reworthless，orthatyou'llneverachievethethingsyouwant.3Maybeyouhadhighmarkslastterm，oryoulostweight，oryoulearnedtoplayamusicalinstrument.Youmightwanttowritedownalistofsuccessethingsthatyou'veaccomplishedoverthepastfewyears，whetherbigorsmall.Ifyoueverlackconfidence，youcangobackandreadoverthatlist.Yourpastsuccessesareimportant，butsoareyourpastfailures.You'vemademistakesbefor，andyou'vesurvivedthem.Perhapsyoudidbadlyinanexmorlostyourtemperandhadtoapologize.It'snotfuntothinkaboutthetimeswhenthingswentwrong，butbyacknowledgingyourcanremindyourselfthattodayisnodifferent.Justasyourecoveredinthepatyoucanrecoverfromyourrecentfailuretoo.Whateverwentprobablyfacingsomesortofdecision.Don'trushintomakinghastydolookforaforwardpath.Thatmightrequiresomedeepthinking.A．Makeadecision.B．LimitthedamageC．Remindyourselfofyourpastfailures.D．However，failureisanormalpartoflife.E．Getsomeadviceandsupportfromothers.F．Mostpeopledon'ttalkopenlyabouttheirfailures.G．Thinkofallthetimesinthepastwhenyou'vesucceeded.大多数人不会公开谈论他们的失败。你过去的成功很重要，但你过去的失败也很重要。要提醒自己过去的失败。而且在时间、金钱方面，或者两者兼而有之。”再根据下文提示“如果你从未经历过失败，项“However，failureisanormalpartof2．F“Mostpeopledon'topenlyabouttheirfailures.”(don'ttalkopenlyotherpeoplefailtoo3．G “Thinkofallthetimesinthepastwhenyou'vesucceeded.”(4．C “Remindyourselfofyourpastadecision.”(课时作业二Ⅰ.单句语法填空Givethebottleacoupleofshakesbeforepouring(pour)thejuice.2．Wearedeterminedtodefend(defend)ourmotherlandatallcosts.Klancalledhisassistant(assist)，Hasher，totakeoverhisdutieswhilehewentout.Earlyastronomers(astronomer)thoughtthatourplanetwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Hestopped，shifting(shift)hiscanetohislefthand.Hecamedownwithillnesslastnightandisstillunderemergencytreatment.7．Someonemustbeputinchargeofwritingdownalltheideas.Firesbrokeouteverywhere，theentirecitywentupinflames.9．Thecharactersinthebookarevividly(vivid)presented.10．Iwasdisappointedwheneverthecookfoundfaultwithme.Ⅱ.完形填空DoyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientitAsuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull1ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhicharenotbasedonobviousfatandtherefore2toacceptauthorityastheonlyreasonfortruth.Healwayschecksideas3andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto4asfarbackasthetimeofRogerBacon，thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford，wholivedbetweentheyears1214and1292.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddleAgesto 5 thatwelearnsciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus，andhehimselfmanyimportanttruths.Galileo(1561642howevewholivedmorethan300yearslatewasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly，France，Germany，andEngland， 7 begantoshowhowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbyobservationbydegrees.BeforeGalieolearnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore 8 towardstheearththansmallones， 9 Aristotlesaidso.ButtothetopoftheLeaningTowerPisa，letfalltwo 10 stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItisGalileo's11 ofgoingdirecttonature，andprovingouropinionsandtheoriesbyexperiment，thathas 12 allthediscoveriesofmodernscience.What 13 thosepeoplegoodscientists？FromtheexampleofGalileo，weknow14 thatsuccessfulscientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave 15 results.【语篇解读】 一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。useC．speed

B．senseD．trustA [根据语境可知此处是makefulluseof“2．A.refusesC．intends

B．desiresD．regrets[由空前的“doesn'taccept”和“andtherefore”可知，此处应选refuses。]3．A.casuallyC．quickly

B．carefullyD．privately[结合语境“Healwayschecksideas”和后面的“andmakesthem”4．A.dateC．look

B．keepD．comeA [由下文的“theyears1214and1292”期。dateback5．A.commandC．suggest

B．suspectD．concludeC [根据空后的内容可知，这里应是RogerBaconC6．A.broughtC．handled

B．discoveredD．announcedB [结合空后的“manyimportanttruths”7．A.whoC．that

B．whenD．where[结合空前的“wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen”可知，先行词是menwho8．A.slowlyC．lightly

B．rapidlyD．heavily[结合空前的“BeforeGalileo，learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore”和后面的“towardstheearththansmallones”重的物体比轻的物体落地快，因此选rapidly“9．A.althoughC．when

B．becauseD．ifB [根据“Aristotlesaidso”10．A.bigC．similar

B．smallD．unequalD [根据前文和后面的“stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong”用了两个不同重量的石头，因此选unequal“11．A.spiritC．theory

B．skillD．wishA [由后面的“ofgoingdirecttonature”(spirit)。]12．A.ledtoC．setup

B．turnedtoD．putforwardA [这里是说正是伽利略的精神使得现代科学能有发现。结合语境，应选A13．A.makesC．considers

B．preventsD．promises[结合下文中的“successfulscientistsarethose...”这些人成为好的科学家14．A.likelyC．naturally

clearlyD．unwillingly(clearly(produce15．A.foreseen B．rejectedproducedⅢ.语法填空DearDad，

challengedOnthisdateofyour50thbirthdyMomgavemetheletteryouwrotetomewhenIwasborn18yearsago.Inyourletter，you1. (wish)metobestrongmindedandsuccessful.Youwerelookingforwardto2. (see)mefightformyfuturebravelyanddowellfor3. (me)andothers.Afterreadingthisletter，Ifeelquite4. (shock)atyour5.(expect)onme.Ialsofeelshamedofnothavingperformedwell6. (meet)yourdemand.IstillrememberwhenIwasinprimaryfailedtoapplymyselftostudying.Iwasaddictedtocomputergames.AsaconsequencIsoonbecametheoneinmyclass.Youdidn'tabusemeatall.7. thecontrary，youtaughtmethatstudyingwasthemostimportantobjectatthemomentandencouragedmetostudyhard.Only8. IreadyourletterdidIrealizethatIbehavedsobadlyatthattimeandyouweresosadtoseeIdidn'tdowellformyself.Ican'thelpexpressingmygratitudeandsendingmybestwishestoyou.Wishyou(health)andhappy.IpromisethatIwillsparenoefforttosatisfyyourdemandofbeing10. braveandsuccessfulperson.wished18yearslookforwardto//做某事”。]myself shocked feelshockedexpectation yourtomeet 定式作目的状语，故答案为tomeet。]On onthecontrarywhen 时表现很差，你很伤心看到我没有为自己做好。此处是onlyhealthy healthy。]10．a 课时作业三Ⅰ.阅读理解AFlorenceNightingalewasborninarichfamily.Whenshewastooklessonsinmusicandreadgreatbooks.Shealsotravelledagreatdealwithhermotherandfather.Asachild，shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasbothadutyandapleasure.Sheenjoyedhelpingthem.Atlas，hermindwasmadeup“I'mgoingtobeanurs”shedecided.“Nursingisn'ttherightworkforalad”herfathertoldher.“ThenIwillmakeit”shesmiled.AndshewenttolearnnursinginGermanyandFrance.WhenshereturnedtoEngladFlorencestartedanursinghomeforwomen.DuringtheCrimeanWarin184shewentwithagroupofthirteightnursestothefronthospital.Whattheysawtherewasterrible.Dirtanddeathwereeverywheretobeseenandsmelled.Theofficertheredidnotwantanywomantotellhimhowtorunahospital，either.Butthebravenurseswenttowork.Florenceusedherownmoneyandsomefromfriendstobuyclothes，beds，medicinesandfoodforthemen.Heronlypaywasthesmilesfromthelipsofdyingsoldiers.Buttheyweremorethanenoughforthiskindwoman.Afterwar，shereturnedtoEnglandandwashonouredforherservicebyQueenVictoria.ButFlorencesaidthatherworkhadjustbegun.SheraisedmoneytobuildtheNightingaleHomeforNursesinLondon.Shealsowroteabookonpublichealth，whichwasprintedinseveralcountries.FlorenceNightingalepassedawayattheageoftryingtoserveothersthroughherworkasanurse.Indeed，itisbecauseofherthatwehonournursestoday.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了护理行业的创始人——南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献自己的一生。1．Whenshewasachild，Florence A．wroteabookonpublichealthknewwhatherdutyinlifewaslovedtohelpthesickpeoplewasmostinterestedinmusicanddrawingC [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，她很喜欢帮助病人。故C2．DuringtheCrimeanWarin1854，Florenceservedinthefronthospitalwhere ．sheearnedalotofmoneyworkwasverydifficultfewsoldiersdiedbecauseofherworkshedidn'thaveenoughfoodandclothesB [细节理解题。根据第六段第二、三、四句可知，当时的工作条件很艰苦。故B确。]WhywasFlorencehonouredbyQueenVictoria?A．BecauseshebuilttheNightingaleHomeforNurses.Becauseofheroldage.Becausesheworkedasanurseallherlife.BecauseshedidagreatdealofworkduringtheCrimeanWar.D 了女王的表彰。故DThepassagecanbebestdescribedas A．thelifestoryofafamouswomanB．adescriptionofthenursingworkC．anexampleofsuccessfuleducationD．thehistoryofnursinginEnglandA 了自己的一生。故ABHereareafewthingstowatchoutforwhenyoumovesomewhereneworarereturninghomeafteralongtimeaway.Becarefulontheroad!ThefirstthingthatIdidwhenIgotoutoftheairportwastocrosstheradbutIlookedthewrongtheUKthecarsdriveonthelefthandsideoftheroadwhereasinSpaintheydriveontheright.IalmostgotrunoverbecauseIwasstillthinkingIwasinSpain.Youhavetobeverycareful.There'sanotherstrangeonefromtravellingontheroad.InMallorca，mostofthetime，pedestrians(行人)cancrosstheroadbywalkingontheroadwithoutstoppingandthecarwillstopforthem.Inthehavetobecarefultowaitforthecarstostoporelseyoumightendupinthehospitalveryquickly!Drinkwater.InSpain，mostpeoplebuylargebottlesofwatertodrink.IntheUKthefiltering(过滤)ofthewatermeansthatyoucandrinkstraightfromthetap.OnmyfirstnightbackIforgotthatIcoulddrinkwaterfromthetapsandspentthenightwishingIhadabottleofwater.WhenIwokeup，IrealizedhowsillyIhadbeen.Timeisdifferent.InSpainthereisasmallbreakduringthedaytohaveanapfortherestoftheday.YoualsomightonlythinkaboutgoingoutforadrinkwithfriendsinSpainat11p．m.IntheUKthatisalreadypastthebedtime!【语篇解读】 作者刚从西班牙回到自己的国家英国时对这里生活的很多方面感到不应。作者结合自己的经历介绍了西班牙和英国在交通、饮水和时间安排方面的不同。WhywastheauthoralmostrunoverintheUK?A．Hewascrossinganunfamiliarroad.Hewasthinkinginthemiddleoftheroad.Hewaslookingthewrongwayontheroad.Hewasrunningontherighthandsideoftheroad.规定的机动车行车方向和英国的正相反，作者刚回到英国时还像在西班牙那样过马路，看错ComparedwiththetrafficintheKtrafficinMallorcaforpedestriansismore．dangerousC．crowded

importantD．secureOnthefirstnightbackauthor A．dranksomewaterfromthetaphadabigmealinarestaurantboughtabottleofwaterdidn'tdrinkwateratallD Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．TheauthorisusedtolivinginTheauthorhopestoreturntoMallorcasoon.Theauthordoesn'tlikethelifeintheUKatall.Theauthorcan'tlookafterhimselfwell.A Ⅱ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。TheeventthatstandsoutinTom'smemoryhappenedonemorningwhenTomwasonlytenyearsold.HewasathomewithhiseldersisterJane.Tomwasdoinghishomeworkwhenheheardraisedvoices.Atfirsthethoughtnothingofitsincecustomersinthemotorcycleshopdirectlybelowtheirflatoftenbecamehesoonrealizedthistimeitwasdifferent.“Quick!Quick!Removethemotorcyclesfromtheshop.”someoneshoutde.Thenathickburningsmellfilledtheair.WhenTomopenedthefrontdooroftheirflattoinvestigate，athickcloudofsmokegreetedhim.Themotorcycleshophadcaughtfireandpeoplewererunningandcrying.Jane，whohadbeenplayingtheviolininherroom，hurriedtothelivingroom.Theyrushedoutofthedoorandalongthecorridorthroughthesmoke.TheywereheadingtowardsthestairwayatthefarendofthecorridorwhenJanesuddenlystoppedinhertrack.Sheturnedaroundandheadedbackthewaytheycame.Tomhadnoideawhatshewasdoing，buthefollowedher.Janehadsuddenlyrememberedtheladyinher70swholivednextdoortothe，whotheycalledMakcik.JanebeganbangingonMakcik'sdoor，butgotnoanswer.Asthesmokethickenedaroundcouldseemanyoftheirneighbors—somestillintheirpajamasrunningforsafety.Thethoughtoffearcrossedhismind.“Shewouldhaverunforsafetylikeeveryoneele”Tomcried.HoweverJanerefusedtogiveup“IknowMakcik'sstillinside”ShesaidshewasfamiliarwithMakcik'sdailyroutineandwascertainshewouldstillbesleeping.Shepoundedagainstthedoor.“Godownstairs.Gonow!Go！”Paragraph1：TomnoticedtheflamewasreachingParagraph2：neighborspassingbystoppedandoffered【参考范文】Tomnoticedtheflamewasreachingup.Frozenwithstoodrootedtothespot.HecomprehendedthegravityofthesituationandheldJane'shandtightly.Bothofthemwerecoughingandtheireyeswerestinging.Timeseemedtostandstill，thoughtheywereprobablythereforonlytwoorthreeminutes.TombeggedJanetorunforsafetyasquicklyaspossible.Janetriedtoshieldhernosefromthechokingsmokeandshookherhead.Shekeptpoundingagainstthedoor.Tomburstoutcrying.neighborspassingbystoppedandofferedsenseofstrengthimmediatelyreplacedthemountingfearandanxietyinJane'smind.ShetoldthemMs.Makcikmustbestillintheroom.Theyforcedthedooropenwithalltheirmight.Surewaslyinginwascarrieddownstairsandthenrushedtothehospital，whereshefinallycametoherself.PeopleintheneighborhoodrelievedandJaneandTomwereveryhappy.单元综合检测Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AWhenAlfredNobelcreatedtheprizesthatbearhisdecidedthattheybegivenforworkdoneinthepreviousyear.Butithasledtoallkindsoftrouble—asitdidonceagainthismonth，whentheNobelPrizeinMedicineorPhysiologywasawardedtoadeadman.ItisacomplexthatcouldnothavebeenforeseenwhenSwedishinventor，diedin1896.Butitalltracesbacktohisatatimewheninternationalprizeswereanoriginalidea.Nobeldidnotsaywhyhewantedtorewardscientistswho“madethemostimportantdiscovery”duringthepreviousyear.OnecanguessthathewantedtorewardpresentdayinnovationandnottogivetombstoneawardstoGalieHippocrate，andotherscientistsfromcenturiespast.Butwillandscienceoftengotinvolved.Theoneyeartimingprovedimpractical；scientificfindingsgenerallyneedtobetested，sometimesfordecades，beforetheirvalueisappreciated.PerhapstoavoidtheGalileoproblem，theNobelFoundationdidstateclearlythattheawardbegivenonlytolivingpeopethatrulewasmadeformalinthe1970s.Buttheruleagainstposthumous)awardshasnowbeenviolatedseveraltimes—mostrecentlythismont，whentheprizeinmedicinewasgiventoDr.RalphMSteinma，ascientistatRockefellerdiedthreedaysbeforehiselection.Hisdiscovery，calleddendritictookplacein1973.ThefirstposthumouswinnerwasthepoetErikKarlfeldt.Karlfeldthadrefusedhisselectionin1918becausehewasalongtimememberoftheSwedishNobelAcademy.Whenhewasselectedagainin1931，hehaddiedthatApril.Whathappensifacandidatedie？TheNobelFoundationmightconsiderchangesatitsnextmeeting.Onepossibilitywouldbeto)theannouncementofanawarduntilaNobelofficialhearsthewinner'svoiceonthefamousnotificationcalls.诺贝尔基金会明确说明这个奖项只颁给活着的人，但科学发现需要时间来检验。诺贝尔奖能颁给死去的人吗？或许诺贝尔奖需要一些变革。WhatdidAlfredNobelcreatetheprizesA．Tomakehimselfrememberedforever.ToattractinternationalattentiontoSweden.Toencouragecontributionstomankind.Tohonorsomedeadoutstandingdiscoverers.C[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“hedecidedthattheybegnforworkdoneinthepreviousyear”和第三段中的“Onecanguessthathewantedtorewardpresentdayinnovation...”WhyhastheNobelPrizebroughtabouttrouble?A．Theoneyeartimingisnotworkable.B．NobelFoundationtriestobreakhiswill.C．Nobel'sfortuneisnotwellmanaged.D．Candidatesarehardtobeselectedworldwide.A “Theoneyeartimingprovedimpractical；scientificfindingsgenerallyneedtobetested，sometimesfordecades，beforevalueisappreciatedWhatdotheexamplesofthescientistRalphM．SteinmanandthepoetErikKarlfeldtsuggest?TheNobelFoundationshouldobeytherules.Somerulesoftheprizecallforreform.TheNobelAcademyfailedtoperformtheirduty.Thewinnershouldliveaverylonglife.B RalphM．Steinman，1931年的诺贝尔文学奖颁发给了已逝的诗人ErikKarlfeldt4．Accordingtothelastparagraph，theNobelPrizeisannouncedtothewinner ．inC．bye

throughavisitD．onthetelephoneD “...untilaNobelofficialthewinner'svoiceonthefamousnotificationcalls”BMyhusband，myfourmontholddaughterandIsetoutonafivedaydrivingjourneyfromCaliforniatoWashington.Wehadtostopfrequentlybecauseourlittlechildneededtostretchfromthecarseat.Oneofourstops，oncewecrossedtheOregonborder，wasataBlackBearDiner.Walkingtowardsthefrontdoorwenoticedagentlemanstandingatoneside.Hewasclearlyuntidy，withoutshoesandwearingwornclothing.Wepassedrightbyhimandopenedtherestaurantdoor.Thensomethingtoldmetogoback.Holdingmydaughter，Iturnedaroundandsaidtothegentleman“Sir.Areyouhungr？”HesaiYes”Ithenaske“Maywebuyyousomethingtoea？”Herespondedwit“SurIcanordersomethingmyself”Myhusbandopenedthedoorandthegentlemanwentstraighttothecounter.Itoldhimtoorderwhateverhewanted.Themanageroftherestaurantcameoverquitequicklyandlookedfrightened.Ispokebeforehehadanopportunityto.“ThisgentlemanhavelunchwithustodaIsaid“PleaseaddhisordertoourbillThemanagersaidwithafrownOkayWeturnedtoourtableandthegentlemansai，loudlyandquickl“Thankyo！”Wewereseatedanduponcompletingourmealwewerehandedourbill.Iaskedmyhusbandwhatthegentlemanhadordered.Onefreshorangejuice，onecoffee，onebreakfastcombinationwithasideofhashbrowns.WhenwelefttherestaurantIlookedforthegentlemanbutdidn'tseehmbutthatverysmallactjustmademyday.Ihopeinsomesmallwaywewereabletoaddsomejoytohislife，evenifonlyforafewminutes.【语篇解读】作者在本文中讲述了一家人去饭馆吃饭时，帮助了一个乞丐模样的人。作者从帮助别人的行为中感到了极大的快乐。Fromtheappearanceofthecanguesshewasprobablya(n)．waiterC．beggar

actorD．worker[推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Hewasclearlyuntidy，withoutshoeswearingwornclothing.”可知，那个男人看上去像是一个乞丐。故选CThemanageroftherestaurantlookedfrightenedbecause A．themanwasnotfriendlythemanhadstolensomethingfromtherestauranthehadfiredthemanbeforehewasafraidthemanwouldn'taffordtopaythefood付不起饭钱，所以感到害怕。故选DFromthepassage，wecaninfertheman ．wasthankfulfortheirkindactfeltashamedandslippedawaywashungryandatealotoffoodwastooproudtoaccepttheirofferA [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“WeturnedtoourtableandtheloudlyandquicklThankyo！’”可知，那个男人对作者一家很是感激。故选ACAlbertEinsteinwasborninGermanyin1879.Hewasaquietchildwhospentmuchofhistimealone.Hewasslowtotalkandhaddifficultylearningtoread.WhenAlbertwasfiveyearsfathergavehimacompass.Thechildwasfilledwithwonderwhenhediscoveredthatthecompassneedlealwayspointedinthesamedirectotothenorth.Heaskedhisfatherandhisunclewhatcausedtheneedletomove.Albertdidnotlikeschool.TheGermanschoolsofthattimewerenotpleasant.Studentscouldnotaskquestions.Albertsaidhefeltasifhewereinprison.In1905，AlbertEinsteinpublishedsomeimportantpapersinaGermanscientificmagazine.Theyincludedoneofthemostimportantscientificdocumentsinhistory.Itexplainedwhatcametobecalledhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity(相对论)”．Tenyearslaterheexpandedittoa“GeneralTheoryofRelativity”．In1921，hewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.Itwasgiventohimnotforhistheoriesofrelativity，butforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect(AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyin1933.HemovedtotheUnitedStatestocontinuehisresearch.EinsteinbecameacitizenoftheUnitedStatesin1940.Einsteinwasafamousman，butyouwouldnothaveknownthatbylookingathim.Hiswhitehairwaslongandwild.Heworeoldclothes.Heshowedaninnerjoywhenhewasplayinghisviolinortalkingabouthiswork.Studentsandfriendssaidhehadawayofexplainingdifficultideasusingimagesthatwereeasytounderstand.Einsteinspentthelasttwentyfiveyearsofhislifeworkingonwhathecalleda“unifiedfieldtheory”.Hehopedtofindacommonmathematicalstatementthatcouldtietogetherallthedifferentpartsofphysics.Howevrhedidnotsucceed.AlbertEinsteindiedin1955attheageofseventysix.【语篇解读】 本文简要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平。WhatdoweknowaboutAlb