21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册Unit4

文档来源为文档来源为:从网络收集整理 .word版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持Unit4TurningFailureintosuccessvote(sb.)tohave(aparticulartitle);elect投票选举(或制定、决定、赞成、支持、通过)vi.(for,against,on)expressone'schoiceofficiallyatameetingorinanelectionn.选举；投票；选票Examples:ShewasvotedBestDirectorattheShanghaiFilmFestival.Awomanwasshouting“VoteforKennedy!VoteKennedy!”Wecalledameetinginordertotakeavoteontheissue.Promotionn.1)advancementinrankorpositionattempttomakeaproductoraneventpopularorsuccessful,esp.byadvertisingExamples:ThepromotionofAnnetovicepresidentwasexpected.Thepromotionofthenewproductcostthousandsofdollars.Nervousbreakdownanunnaturalconditionofdeepworrying,anxiety,weepingortirednessTohaveanervousbreakdownistobecomementallyill,usuallyasaresultofworkingtoohardorofdifficultemotionalproblems,andbetemporarilyunabletodealwithordinarythingssuchasworkingorlookingafteryourfamily.Examples:Hewasforcedtogiveuphisjobaftersufferinganervousbreakdown.Afterherdivorce,Laurahadanervousbreakdownandwasoffworkforthreemonths.Panicn.afeelingorstateofsuddenuncontrollableandquicklyspreadingfearExamples:Hegotintoapanicaboutexaminations.Thethoughtofflyingalonefilledmewithpanic.Thereisastronglikelihoodofpanicifafirestartsinthebuilding.Rejectionn.theactofrejectingorbeingrejectedExamples:Johnwasangeredbyhisclassmates'rejectionofhisproposal.I'vehadsomanyrejectionsthatI'vestoppedofferingtohelpher.Reactionn.responseorchangecausedbytheactionofanotherExamples:MyreactiontoBob'sinsultwastoleavetheroom.Reactionstotheproposalsofarhavebeenfavorable.Achemicalreactionistwoormoresubstancesreactingwithandchangingeachother.Example:Theexplosionwascausedbyachemicalreaction.placeemphasisonGivesth.specialforceorattentiontoshowthatitisparticularlyimportantExamples:InJapanesesociety,alotofemphasisislaidonacademicsuccess.Thisdictionaryplacesaspecialemphasisongrammar.Inthelongrun--afterenoughtime;intheendExamples:Itpaystobuygoodsofhighqualityinthelongrun.Computerscan,inthelongrun,bemademoresecurethananybank.BducingfavorableeffectsorusefulresultsExamples:Sunshineandrainarebeneficialtothecropsinthefield.ThisnewdrugisbeneficialforsufferersfromAIDS.Dealwith.ajobdealingwithpeople--ajobthatinvolveshandlinghumanrelations.dealwithsth.--handleorattendtosth.(usu.sth.thatneedsattentionorconcern)Examples:Haven'tyoudealtwiththatletteryet?TheFinanceOfficerdealswithallthefinancesoftheuniversity.Beproneto(to)habituallylikelytodosth.(usu.undesirable)Examples:Heispronetolosetemperwhenothersdisagreewithhim.Angelaisratherpronetoexaggeration.Tobepronetoalsomeanstobelikelytobecomeillortogetaparticularillness.Examples:You'remorepronetoillnesseswhenyou'retired.Mysisterispronetoflu.Orientationn.ausu.generalandlastingdirectionofthought,interestorview--Peoplegenerallytendtolookatthingsashavingonlytwovalues,ortwosides:anythingthatisnotgoodmustbebad,thatisnottruebefalse--thistwo-valuedlogiciscalled -“vatlhuedtwoorientation ”byHayakawa.aworldof=alotofThere'saworldofdifferencebetweentheoldChinesesocietyandthenewone.Thatexperiencegavehimaworldofplexa.1.difficulttounderstand,explain,ordealwith;notclearorsimple(词或句子)复合的,复杂的n.asystemconsistingofalargenumberofcloselyrelatedparts综合体；复合体；群落Examples:Thestudentthoughtthealgebraicformulawascomplex.acomplexproblem/issue/matteracomplexsentence/wordanofficecomplex(综合办公楼)ashoppingcomplex(综合商场)precludevt.(fml.)(from)makeimpossible;preventPrecludeisoftenusedofasituationorconditionorsomeanticipatorymeasuresthatpreventthepossibilityofathing'soccurringorofaperson'sdoingsomething.Examples:Hemakeseverythingsoclearthatallmisunderstandingisprecluded.Thefactthatyourapplicationwasnotsuccessfulthistimedoesnotprecludethepossibilityofyouapplyingagainnexttime.practicallyad.1.(infml.)verynearly;almost2.inapracticalwayExamples:ThereisatelevisioninpracticallyeveryAmericanhome.It'spracticallyimpossibletogethomeinlessthananhour.Theoretically,it'sagoodideatolivewithoutacar,butpracticallyspeaking,itwouldbedifficulttomanagewithoutone.prestigen.generalrespectoradmirationfeltinmen'smindforsb.orsth.byreasonofhaving,orbeingconnectedwith,rank,provedhighqualityExamples:amanofhighprestigeManypeopleareattractedbytheprestigeofworkingforatopcompany.markedheras“Olympicmaterial”--distinguishedherasapotentialOlympicathletemarkas:beadistinguishingfeatureof...asExamples:Thesequalitiesmarkthefilmasexceptionallygood.HardworkhasmarkedAsianAmericansasamodelminority.material--n.someonewhoisgoodenoughforaparticularjoborpositionpeakvi.reachthehighestvalue,level,point,etc.n.(山)峰；顶峰；尖顶Examples:Themountainpeaksat15,000feet.Thetennisplayerpeakedwhenshewas21.Asthesoundreacheditspeak,awindowbroke.downhilla.&ad.1.(becoming)worseorlesssuccessful2.(going)towardsthebottomofahillExamples:Investorswerepanicked(恐慌)bythedownhillslideofthestockmarket.Everythingwentdownhillfortheteamwhenthestarathleteretired.Theballrolleddownhillandlandedinapuddledamagen.harm;lossvt.causedamagetoExamples:Thefiredidalotofdamagetothefactory.Theaccidentcausedthechildalotofemotionalandphysicaldamage.Someonedamagedmybookbyspillingmilkonit.Thepoliticalscandaldamagedalotofreputations.distinguishvt.1.(~oneself)behaveorperformnoticeablywellrecognizeExamples:Hedistinguishedhimselfinthedebate.McEnroefirstdistinguishedhimselfbywinningajuniortournamentatWimbledon.TodistinguishAfromBortodistinguishbetweenAandBistonoticeorunderstandthedifferencebetweentwothings.Examples:She'scolor-blindandcan'tdistinguishbetweenredandgreeneasily.IsometimeshavedifficultydistinguishingSpanishfromPortuguese.atthecostofExamples:Hesavedthechildrenfromthefireatthecostofhisownlife.Thedrivermanagednottohitthechild,butonlyatthecostofinjuringhimself.beobsessedwithvt.(usu.pass.)completelyfillthemindof(sb.)sothatnoattentionisgiventoothermattersIfyouareobsessedwithsomethingorsomethingobsessesyou,youhaveanunreasonablystronginterestinitandcan'tstopthinkingaboutitordoingit.Examples:Whyarepeoplesoobsessedwithmoney?Billisobsessedwithkeepinghishouseclean.Theideaoffindingherrealmotherseemedtoobsessher.branchout(into)addtotherangeofone ‘sinterestsoractivitiesExamples:FirstJimcollectedstamps;thenhebranchedoutandcollectedcoins,too.Manybusinessesareunwillingtobranchoutintonewandunfamiliarareas.Thebookstorehasdecidedtobranchoutintosellingrecordsandtapes.shieldvt.(from)protectorhidefromharmordanger保护；庇护n.盾，盾牌Examples:Theheavycoatshieldedmefromthecold.Theknight'sswordstruckthesoldier'sshield.devicen.1.amethodofachievingsth.anobjectthathasbeeninventedforaparticularpurposeExamples:Thatrathercoolmannerofhersisjustadevicetoavoidhavingtotalktopeople.Daveboughtaspecialdevicetopeelpotatoes.impulsen.1.asuddendesiretodosth.（一时的）冲动冲力；脉冲；神经冲动Examples:Susanhadasuddenimpulsetosmokeacigarette.AnelectricalimpulseshockedMarywhenshetouchedtheelectricfence.Ifyoudosomethingonimpulse,youdoitbecauseyoufeelanimpulse.Examples:Ididn'tneedamobilephone.Ijustboughtitonimpulse.Somepeoplejustcan'thelpactingonimpulse.enquirev.askforinformationInquireisAmerican,whileenquireisBritish.Oneenquiresofsomebodyaboutsomeinformation.Ifyouenquireaftersomeone,youaskforinformationaboutthem,especiallyabouttheirhealth.Ifyouenquireintosomething,youtrytodiscoverthefactsaboutit.Examples:ShallIenquireaboutthepriceoftickets?“Sowhathappensnow?”Sheenquiredofnobodyinparticular.Robertenquiredafterhisfather.Whentheauthorityenquiredintohisbackground,theyfoundthathehadacriminalrecord.Heenquiredthetimefromapasser-by.countonexpect;dependonExamples:Wearecountingonyoutowakeusupintime.Ireallyneedabreak,soI'mcountingongettingawayforafewdaysnextweek.Ifyoucancountonsomeone,youcanalwaysrelyonthemtohelporsupportyou.Examples:Ifyoueverneedanyhelp,youknowyoucanalwayscountonme.YoucanalwayscountonMichaelinacrisis.affordVt.1.beabletobuybeabletodo,spend,give,bear,etc.,withoutseriouslossordamageExamples:Ithinkwecanaffordanewwashingmachine.Hecanhardlyaffordanotherfailureinanyofhisexams.(=Itwillcausehimproblemsifhefails.)“Oh,no.Ican'taffordtolosemypassport.(=Iwillbein”troubleifIloseit.)notnearly--farfrom;muchlessthanExamples:Thereisnotnearlyenough(=Thereismuchtoolittle)forallthesepeople!Theydon'thavenearlysomanyfoodstochoosefromaswemptvt.causeorurge;encourageorhelpsb.tocontinuea.donewithoutanydelay;notlate迅速的；及时的Examples:Michael'scriticismofLisapromptedmetodefendher.Thesightoftheshipspromptedthoughtsofhisdistanthome.Hewroteapromptanswertomyletter.turndownrefuse(arequestorofferorthepersonthatmakesit);rejectExamples:Sheturnedhimdown;shewouldn'tmarryhim.Paulinehasturneddownoffersfromseverallawfirms.takestockof--considerasituationcarefullysoastotakeadecisionTotakestockofsomethingistothinkcarefullyaboutthesituationyouarein,andaboutthewayithasdevelopedsofar,inordertodecidewhattodonext.Examples:It'stimetotakestockofyourlifeanddecidewhereyouwanttogo.Attheageof25,Ibegantotakestockofmycareersofar.therapyn.the