英语写作课-第二课-lecture-two课件

LectureTwoDiction:

choiceanduseofwordsLectureTwoDiction:choiceand1Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmost-rightwordisasgreatasthatbetweenlightningandthelightingbug．用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。”Thedifferencebetweentherig2Usingtherightwordattherighttimeisratherlikewearingappropriateclothingfortheoccasion:itisacourtesytoothers,andafavortoyourself-amatterofpresentingyourselfwellintheeyesoftheworld.----TheReader’sDigestUsingtherightwordattheri3A.FormalDictionFormalEnglishisthelanguageofprofessionaljournals,formalspeeches,andmostseriouscollegewriting.

“gentlemen”vs.“men”or“guys”.

A.FormalDiction4Poor---impoverished;rich---wealthy;clever(smart)---intelligent;car---automobile;

Poor---5TV---television;hard-working---diligent;next-to-last---penultimate;“onthepenultimatedayoftheweek-longmeeting”(在历时一周的会议结束的前一天TV---6FormalThereisnothingnewintherecognition,withinagivenlanguage,ofadistinctionbetweencommonusageandusesofthelanguageformorerestrictedpurposesandoftenenough,perhapscharacteristically,moreelevatedpurposes.Themonolithic(单一的；统一的)natureofEnglishisnotquestionedwhenliteraryessayistslikeEmersoncontrastpoetryandcommonspeech.ThelatterisrecognizedinAmericatobethepropersubjectfortheinvestigationoflinguistswho,however,nowshowsomeincipient(起初的)inclinationtoinvestigatepoetry,too,andothernoncasual(无关联的)utterances(话语)inagivenlanguage.FormalThereisnothingnewin7InformalDiction

InformalEnglish---theEnglishwespeakeachday---isfoundinpartsofnovels,shortstories,letters,books,newspapers,articlesforgeneralreadershipandadvertisements.1.

ColloquialismsColloquialEnglishoccursincasualspeechanditisperfectlyacceptablewhenyouarespeakingonanybutthemostformaloccasions.Contractions---isn’t,won’t,I’m,he’dShortenedforms---phone,exam,photoPhrases---youknow,ImeanInformalDictionInformalEn8Eg.Doingparttimesjobsisterriblybeneficialtocollegestudents.Eg.Thecoparereadyatanytimetoprotectthesecurityofourpropertyandlife.

terriblyvery;coppolice

Eg.Doingparttimesjobsist9

Isawaghost,andIwasfrightenedtodeath.

(colloquial)Isawanapparition,anditreducedmetoaconditionofmoralterror.(formal)

Isawaghost,andIwasfrig10Slangwordsarehighlyinformal：theymaybevividandinteresting,buttheymay,whenusedinappropriately,makethewriterorspeakersoundoffensive.Onhearingthathisfatherhadkicked

the

bucket,wewrotehimalettertoexpressoursympathies.Slangwordsarehighlyinforma11FormalvscommonCommon:samespeechlearned

Formal:IdenticalorationeruditeCommon;DestroystifftrypieceFormal:AnnihilaterigidendeavorfragmentFormalvscommonCommon:12

understandthedifferrenceThecolorfitsyouwell.(X)Thecolorsuitsyouwell.Theseshoesdon’tsuitme..(X)Theseshoesdon’tfitme.fit&suit（适合）（fit：大小尺码合适；suit：看上去体面协调。）

understandthedifferrenceThe13搭配上的不同Consist,compose,constitute,makeupSure,certainIamsurethatIcanbenefitalotfromdoingtemporaryjobsinmyfreetime.Itiscertainthatsocialknowledgeisindispensableforacollegestudenttoadapttothesociety.搭配上的不同Consist,compose,consti14Spread,scatterOccur,happen,takeplaceDeprive,rob,denyElect,vote,select,pickup,chooseDisturb,interfereFocus,concentrateEstimate,predictInvolve,include,containSurvive,exist,liveOffer,provide,supplyVary,change,shift,alter,convertSpread,scatter15Suspect,doubtConvince,persuade,dissuadeDamage,injure,harm,hurtAffect,influenceWait,expect,anticipate,lookforwardtoCreate,invent,make,manufacture,discoverRise,arise,raise,arouseSuspect,doubt16Vocational,professionalScarce,rareAlive,live,lively,livingTense,nervousAncient,oldEconomic,economicalHistoric,historicalLate,later,latter,latestSingle,individualVocational,professional17Priceless,valuable,precious,treasuredConsiderate,considerableSensitive,sensible,sensory,sentimental,sensationalImaginable,imaginary,imaginativeRespective,respectable,respectful,respectedPriceless,valuable,precious,18General&specificInmyhometowninspring,theweatherisverybad.Inmyhometowninspring,thewindmayblowalldaylongandtheairisfilledwithdustwhichsometimesshutsoutthesun.Itgoesintoyoureyes,yourears,yournostrils,andyourhair,andpenetratesthroughtheclosedwindows.（withthehelpofdetails）General&specificInmyhometo19General:Itisabeautifulpark.

Specific:Withstreamsandpondsshadedbywillowsandbamboos,andsmall,elegantly-furnishedcottagesbehindpilesofrocks,theparkisquietevenwhentherearemanyvisitorsinit,andcoolwhenitishotsummeroutside.General:Itisabeautifulpar20agoodmankind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,selfless,brave,honorable,sincere,just,generous,enthusiastic,warm-hearted,friendlygoodfoodtasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,fresh,appetizing,abundantagoodman21house

mansion,villa,chateau(城堡）,cottage,bungalow（有游廊的平房）,cabin（简陋的小屋）,hut（小屋，棚屋）shack（做某种用途的小屋）,shanty（贫民窟）,shed（关动物的小屋，棚）,barn（谷仓）laugh

smile,beam（微笑）,snigger(snicker,窃笑），titter（嗤嗤地笑），chuckle(抿嘴轻声笑，），chortle（哈哈大笑），grin（露齿而笑）,giggle（咯咯地笑，傻笑）,guffaw(哄笑，狂笑）,house22改善，提高1.Nowthingsare______（好转）。Lookingup2.Computershave_____(改善我们的生活）。Madelifebetterforus.3.Iwill_____（强化，提高）myEnglishbeforeIgotoAmerica.brush,polish改善，提高1.Nowthingsare______（好234.Johnsaysheisgoingto_____(把旧车整新一下）oldcar.doup/havehisoldcardoneup5.Thecompany_____(不断壮大)sinceitwasestablishedtenyearsago.hasgonefromstrengthfromstrength4.Johnsaysheisgoingto__246.Thereisagreat__(比以前大有进步)yourpreviouswork.Improvementover7.Thisisanopportunityto_____(提升公司声誉)mote6.Thereisagreat__(比以前大有进步25高兴的Don’taskhernowuntilheis____（心情好）。inagoodmoodWehadavery____(愉快会谈)onthetrain.CheerfulchatDon’ttake______(幸灾乐祸)inother’smisfortunedelight高兴的Don’taskhernowuntilhe26Mysonsoon____(高兴起来)whenIofferedtotakehimeatoutside.CheeredupHeislookingvery_____(沾沾自喜).pleasedwithone’sselfShewas____(非常高兴)whensheannouncedherengagement.AllsmilesEveryonewas_____andthepartywasagreatsuccess.InhighspiritMysonsoon____(高兴起来)whenIo27重要的,主要的，有影响的1.Thejob____(对他很重要）.Meansalottohim.2Hisfamily____(对他很重要).Meanseverything/iseverything3.Itwasa__________(生命中的重要时刻)Historicmomentinhislife.重要的,主要的，有影响的1.Thejob____(对他很284.Hisexperiencereally_____(重要)Counts5.____________(我们主要关心的是)isthesafetyofthechildren.Ourprimaryconcern6.Our______(主要关心的是)istopassTEM-4.toppriority4.Hisexperiencereally_____297.Changingschool______(对我的一生有重大影响).madegreatdifferencetome8.Heropinion__________(对老板有很大的影响)。Carriesgreatweightwiththeboss7.Changingschool______(对我的一生30Doingthisjobmakesmefeelveryhappyallthetime(Chinglish:word-to-wordtranslation).Thejobisaconstantsourceofmyhappiness.Doingthisjobmakesmefeelv31Muchharderasheworks,hegetlowsalary(Chinglish).Hegetsverylittleinrewardforhishardwork英语写作课-第二课-lecture-two课件32Hecomesfromadoctor’sfamily.

Hecomesfromalonglineofdoctors

Hecomesfromadoctor’sfamil33Herresponsecameasagreatsurpriseandlefthimspeechless.Herresponsecameasagreats34Iwastootiredandwentoutlikealight.Iwastootiredandwentoutl35HiseyeslitupasshewentintotheroomHiseyeslitupasshewentin36LearntoimitateWavesofrejoicingswepttheplace.(LangstonHughes)Atthegoodnewsofsuccess/victoryinthebidforthe2008Olympics,wavesofjoy/laughtersweptthewholecountry.Intellectualstandardsintheuniversityhaddeteriorated.(BertrandRussell)Moralstandardshavedeterioratedinrecentyears.Educationalstandardsinourcountryhavedeterioratedinrecentyears.LearntoimitateWavesofrejoi37Exercise:Choosethemoresuitablewordfromthetwoprovidedforeachblankinthefollowingsentences,andgivereasonsforyourchoice.1.Sheisan______(eminent,imminent)artistinthiscity.Asaresultofoverpopulation,adepressionseems________(eminent,imminent)inthisrichcountry.Eminentisusedtodescribeaperson;aneminentpersonisfamousanddistinguished.Imminent(abouttohappen,likelytohappensoon)isusedtodescribeanevent,especiallyanunpleasantone.2.Therewillbe_______(farther,further)changesintheitinerary(旅行路线).Thisgroupofexplorerswent________(farther,further)inthedesertthanthatone.Furtherandfartherarebothcomparativeformsoffar.Asadjective,bothareusedonlybeforenoun.Theadjectivefurthermeans“moreoradditional”whiletheadjectivefarthermeans“moredistant”.Asanadverbfurthercanbeusedinterchangeablywithfarther.InspokenEnglishitismoreusefultousefurther.3.Hetried_______(hard,hardly)butfailedtofinishhisworkintime.Theinterpretercould_______(hard,hardly)catchupwiththefluentspeaker.Hardmaybeusedaseitheranadjectiveoranadverb(usedafterverb).Ifyouworkhard(doingsomething),youare“usingalotofeffort,energy,orattention.”Hardlyisanadverbmeaning“almostnot”.Exercise:Choosethemoresuit384.Whattheministerhassaid______(implies,infers)thattherewillbeachangeintheeconomicpolicy.

Fromhisstatementthelisteners______(imply,infer)thattherewillbeachangeintheeconomicpolicy.Implymeans“tosuggestthatsomethingistrue,withoutsayingthisdirectly”;infermeans“toformanopinionthatsomethingisprobablytruebecauseofinformationthatyouhave.”5._______(Its,It’s)Jimwhohashelpedme.

Ilikethecutofthejacket,butIdon’tlike______(its,it’s)color.It’sistheshortformofitis;its,thepossessiveformofit.6.He______(lay,laid)onthegrass,lookingatthesky.

He_______(lay,laid)hispenonthedeskandbeganreading.Laidisthepasttenseoflay(=place),whichmeans“toputsomething/someonedowncarefullyintoaflatposition.”Layisthepasttenseoflie,whichmeans“tobeinapositioninwhichyourbodyisflatonthefloor,onabed,etc.”7.Thedirectorisavery______(practical,practicable)man;hehasnofancifulideas.

Theseplansaregoodand______(practical,practicable).Practicalandpracticablearebothadjectives.Practicalcanbeusedtodescribeaperson;apracticalpersonis“goodatdealingwithproblemsandmakingdecisionsbasedonwhatispossibleandwhatwillreallywork.”Practicablemeans“thatcanbeputintopractice;workable.”

4.Whattheministerhassaid_398.Sheis______(proud,arrogant)ofthesuccesshergrouphaswon.

Thatnoblemanoftenspeaksina(an)______(proud,arrogant)tone.Proudisafairlygeneralwordusedtosaythatsomeoneispleasedwiththemselves,pleasedwithwhattheyhaveachieved,orpleasedwithsomethingorsomeoneconnectedwiththem.Arrogantisadisapprovingwordmeaningthatsomeonethinkstheyarebetterthanotherpeople.9.I_____(hope,wish)shewillrecoverquicklyfromherillness.

I_____(hope,wish)shewereherewithus.Hopeisusedtotalkaboutthingsthatcouldhappen,orcouldbetrue;wishisusedtotalkaboutthingsthatarenottrue,notpossible,orveryunlikely.10.I______(doubt,suspect)whetherthisplanwillwork.

I_____(doubt,suspect)thatheisnottellingthetruth.Doubtmeans“tothinkthatsomethingmaynotbetrueorthatitisunlikely”;suspectmeans“tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrue,especiallysomethingbad.”8.Sheis______(proud,arrogan40..41LectureTwoDiction:

choiceanduseofwordsLectureTwoDiction:choiceand42Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmost-rightwordisasgreatasthatbetweenlightningandthelightingbug．用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。”Thedifferencebetweentherig43Usingtherightwordattherighttimeisratherlikewearingappropriateclothingfortheoccasion:itisacourtesytoothers,andafavortoyourself-amatterofpresentingyourselfwellintheeyesoftheworld.----TheReader’sDigestUsingtherightwordattheri44A.FormalDictionFormalEnglishisthelanguageofprofessionaljournals,formalspeeches,andmostseriouscollegewriting.

“gentlemen”vs.“men”or“guys”.

A.FormalDiction45Poor---impoverished;rich---wealthy;clever(smart)---intelligent;car---automobile;

Poor---46TV---television;hard-working---diligent;next-to-last---penultimate;“onthepenultimatedayoftheweek-longmeeting”(在历时一周的会议结束的前一天TV---47FormalThereisnothingnewintherecognition,withinagivenlanguage,ofadistinctionbetweencommonusageandusesofthelanguageformorerestrictedpurposesandoftenenough,perhapscharacteristically,moreelevatedpurposes.Themonolithic(单一的；统一的)natureofEnglishisnotquestionedwhenliteraryessayistslikeEmersoncontrastpoetryandcommonspeech.ThelatterisrecognizedinAmericatobethepropersubjectfortheinvestigationoflinguistswho,however,nowshowsomeincipient(起初的)inclinationtoinvestigatepoetry,too,andothernoncasual(无关联的)utterances(话语)inagivenlanguage.FormalThereisnothingnewin48InformalDiction

InformalEnglish---theEnglishwespeakeachday---isfoundinpartsofnovels,shortstories,letters,books,newspapers,articlesforgeneralreadershipandadvertisements.1.

ColloquialismsColloquialEnglishoccursincasualspeechanditisperfectlyacceptablewhenyouarespeakingonanybutthemostformaloccasions.Contractions---isn’t,won’t,I’m,he’dShortenedforms---phone,exam,photoPhrases---youknow,ImeanInformalDictionInformalEn49Eg.Doingparttimesjobsisterriblybeneficialtocollegestudents.Eg.Thecoparereadyatanytimetoprotectthesecurityofourpropertyandlife.

terriblyvery;coppolice

Eg.Doingparttimesjobsist50

Isawaghost,andIwasfrightenedtodeath.

(colloquial)Isawanapparition,anditreducedmetoaconditionofmoralterror.(formal)

Isawaghost,andIwasfrig51Slangwordsarehighlyinformal：theymaybevividandinteresting,buttheymay,whenusedinappropriately,makethewriterorspeakersoundoffensive.Onhearingthathisfatherhadkicked

the

bucket,wewrotehimalettertoexpressoursympathies.Slangwordsarehighlyinforma52FormalvscommonCommon:samespeechlearned

Formal:IdenticalorationeruditeCommon;DestroystifftrypieceFormal:AnnihilaterigidendeavorfragmentFormalvscommonCommon:53

understandthedifferrenceThecolorfitsyouwell.(X)Thecolorsuitsyouwell.Theseshoesdon’tsuitme..(X)Theseshoesdon’tfitme.fit&suit（适合）（fit：大小尺码合适；suit：看上去体面协调。）

understandthedifferrenceThe54搭配上的不同Consist,compose,constitute,makeupSure,certainIamsurethatIcanbenefitalotfromdoingtemporaryjobsinmyfreetime.Itiscertainthatsocialknowledgeisindispensableforacollegestudenttoadapttothesociety.搭配上的不同Consist,compose,consti55Spread,scatterOccur,happen,takeplaceDeprive,rob,denyElect,vote,select,pickup,chooseDisturb,interfereFocus,concentrateEstimate,predictInvolve,include,containSurvive,exist,liveOffer,provide,supplyVary,change,shift,alter,convertSpread,scatter56Suspect,doubtConvince,persuade,dissuadeDamage,injure,harm,hurtAffect,influenceWait,expect,anticipate,lookforwardtoCreate,invent,make,manufacture,discoverRise,arise,raise,arouseSuspect,doubt57Vocational,professionalScarce,rareAlive,live,lively,livingTense,nervousAncient,oldEconomic,economicalHistoric,historicalLate,later,latter,latestSingle,individualVocational,professional58Priceless,valuable,precious,treasuredConsiderate,considerableSensitive,sensible,sensory,sentimental,sensationalImaginable,imaginary,imaginativeRespective,respectable,respectful,respectedPriceless,valuable,precious,59General&specificInmyhometowninspring,theweatherisverybad.Inmyhometowninspring,thewindmayblowalldaylongandtheairisfilledwithdustwhichsometimesshutsoutthesun.Itgoesintoyoureyes,yourears,yournostrils,andyourhair,andpenetratesthroughtheclosedwindows.（withthehelpofdetails）General&specificInmyhometo60General:Itisabeautifulpark.

Specific:Withstreamsandpondsshadedbywillowsandbamboos,andsmall,elegantly-furnishedcottagesbehindpilesofrocks,theparkisquietevenwhentherearemanyvisitorsinit,andcoolwhenitishotsummeroutside.General:Itisabeautifulpar61agoodmankind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,selfless,brave,honorable,sincere,just,generous,enthusiastic,warm-hearted,friendlygoodfoodtasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,fresh,appetizing,abundantagoodman62house

mansion,villa,chateau(城堡）,cottage,bungalow（有游廊的平房）,cabin（简陋的小屋）,hut（小屋，棚屋）shack（做某种用途的小屋）,shanty（贫民窟）,shed（关动物的小屋，棚）,barn（谷仓）laugh

smile,beam（微笑）,snigger(snicker,窃笑），titter（嗤嗤地笑），chuckle(抿嘴轻声笑，），chortle（哈哈大笑），grin（露齿而笑）,giggle（咯咯地笑，傻笑）,guffaw(哄笑，狂笑）,house63改善，提高1.Nowthingsare______（好转）。Lookingup2.Computershave_____(改善我们的生活）。Madelifebetterforus.3.Iwill_____（强化，提高）myEnglishbeforeIgotoAmerica.brush,polish改善，提高1.Nowthingsare______（好644.Johnsaysheisgoingto_____(把旧车整新一下）oldcar.doup/havehisoldcardoneup5.Thecompany_____(不断壮大)sinceitwasestablishedtenyearsago.hasgonefromstrengthfromstrength4.Johnsaysheisgoingto__656.Thereisagreat__(比以前大有进步)yourpreviouswork.Improvementover7.Thisisanopportunityto_____(提升公司声誉)mote6.Thereisagreat__(比以前大有进步66高兴的Don’taskhernowuntilheis____（心情好）。inagoodmoodWehadavery____(愉快会谈)onthetrain.CheerfulchatDon’ttake______(幸灾乐祸)inother’smisfortunedelight高兴的Don’taskhernowuntilhe67Mysonsoon____(高兴起来)whenIofferedtotakehimeatoutside.CheeredupHeislookingvery_____(沾沾自喜).pleasedwithone’sselfShewas____(非常高兴)whensheannouncedherengagement.AllsmilesEveryonewas_____andthepartywasagreatsuccess.InhighspiritMysonsoon____(高兴起来)whenIo68重要的,主要的，有影响的1.Thejob____(对他很重要）.Meansalottohim.2Hisfamily____(对他很重要).Meanseverything/iseverything3.Itwasa__________(生命中的重要时刻)Historicmomentinhislife.重要的,主要的，有影响的1.Thejob____(对他很694.Hisexperiencereally_____(重要)Counts5.____________(我们主要关心的是)isthesafetyofthechildren.Ourprimaryconcern6.Our______(主要关心的是)istopassTEM-4.toppriority4.Hisexperiencereally_____707.Changingschool______(对我的一生有重大影响).madegreatdifferencetome8.Heropinion__________(对老板有很大的影响)。Carriesgreatweightwiththeboss7.Changingschool______(对我的一生71Doingthisjobmakesmefeelveryhappyallthetime(Chinglish:word-to-wordtranslation).Thejobisaconstantsourceofmyhappiness.Doingthisjobmakesmefeelv72Muchharderasheworks,hegetlowsalary(Chinglish).Hegetsverylittleinrewardforhishardwork英语写作课-第二课-lecture-two课件73Hecomesfromadoctor’sfamily.

Hecomesfromalonglineofdoctors

Hecomesfromadoctor’sfamil74Herresponsecameasagreatsurpriseandlefthimspeechless.Herresponsecameasagreats75Iwastootiredandwentoutlikealight.Iwastootiredandwentoutl76HiseyeslitupasshewentintotheroomHiseyeslitupasshewentin77LearntoimitateWavesofrejoicingswepttheplace.(LangstonHughes)Atthegoodnewsofsuccess/victoryinthebidforthe2008Olympics,wavesofjoy/laughtersweptthewholecountry.Intellectualstandardsintheuniversityhaddeteriorated.(BertrandRussell)Moralstandardshavedeterioratedinrecentyears.Educationalstandardsinourcountryhavedeterioratedinrecentyears.LearntoimitateWavesofrejoi78Exercise:Choosethemoresuitablewordfromthetwoprovidedforeachblankinthefollowingsentences,andgivereasonsforyourchoice.1.Sheisan______(eminent,imminent)artistinthiscity.Asaresultofoverpopulation,adepressionseems________(eminent,imminent)inthisrichcountry.Eminentisusedtodescribeaperson;aneminentpersonisfamousanddistinguished.Imminent(abouttohappen,likelytohappensoon)isusedtodescribeanevent,especiallyanunpleasantone.2.Therewillbe_______(farther,further)changesintheitinerary(旅行路线).Thisgroupofexplorerswent________(farther,further)inthedesertthanthatone.Furtherandfartherarebothcomparativeformsoffar.Asadjective,bothareusedonlybeforenoun.Theadjectivefurthermeans“moreoradditional”whiletheadjectivefarthermeans“moredistant”.Asanadverbfurthercanbeusedinterchangeablywithfarther.InspokenEnglishitismoreusefultousefurther.3.Hetried_______(hard,hardly)butfailedtofinishhisworkintime.Theinterpretercould_______(hard,hardly)catchupwiththefluentspeaker.Hardmaybeusedaseitheranadjectiveoranadverb(usedafterverb).Ifyouworkhard(doingsomething),youare“usingalotofeffort,energy,orattention.”Hardlyisanadv