国际英标课件

(PhoneticAlphabet)音标什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。音素的分类：元音和辅音。英语音素的个数：共48个，包含元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。元音概念：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。英语中有20个元音。元音分为单元音和双元音。(A)单元音（12个）：

/i:/,/ɪ/,/ɔ:/,/ɔ/,/u:/,/ʊ/,/ə:/,/ә/,/ɑ:/,/Λ/,/e/,/æ/,

短元音

长元音单元音又可分为_______和________。/ə:/herlearnbirthdayfirstwork/ә/aboutgrammar

ofhellosisterdoctorAugustSaturday/ɑ:/artstartlastafternoon/Λ/busdrumcomecountryson/e/bestwhenbreakfastmany/æ/bagandfamilythatapple/i://i/busyveryladyy/i/livemissrichibesidedecideelectevillagecouragecottagea

Compare(比较一下！)it—eat2.live—leave3.fill—feel4.sit

—seat/e/bedbreadfedtenheadbesthendeadredweatherWordstoread/æ/Wordstoreadsadmadmanbadapplehatgladfactstandfamilyfatcatbag/æ/a[ə:]earth heardnursehurt skirtfirmherpersonwordwork

Whatletterorlettergroupmakes

[ə:]?earurireror

agoagainaddresshundredparentwaterteacherworkertodaypolicemancolourdoctor

a

eeroor/our[ə][a:]carfardarkhalfpalmlaughauntbasketReadthewords[a:]aralauaReadthewordsbusrunlucknothinglovecountryyoung[Λ]uoou[Λ]PhrasesacomingbusupandupCompare

cut--cart2.luck—lark3.duck—dark4.tough—task

[ɔ:]porkhorsedaughterbecausetalltalkdoorfloormorestoreReadthewordsoraualoorore[ɔ:]Phrases[ɔ:]

ashortstory

moreandmore

[ɔ]sorrydogcopywashwhatReadthewords[ɔ]oaPhrases[ɔ]

borrowawatchlocksandclocksCompare

1.not—north2.fox—forks3.shot—short4.wok—walk[u:]ReadthewordsmoodbootzoomovewhoserulerJunesoupgroupooououPhrases[u:]

arudefoolusefultoolscoolthefood[u]Readthewordsfullcouldtookgoodwoodcookputstoodpullfoot[u][u]Phrasespushandpullagoodbooklookforthebook

cooklookfootwouldcouldshouldputJuly

[U]ooouluPractice听下列单词，写出划线部分的音标：

dad-bedcup-capsheep-shipgood-bootdog-doormerry-marrybirthday-teachercard-butsing-songJapan-Japanese再次朗读以上单词。听音标，写出句子。1.[ai][hæv][ə][pen].2.[hi:][iz][tɔ:l].3.[it][iz][ə][buk].4.[ʃi:][iz][ə]['dɔktə].5.[ai][æm][ə]['ti:tʃə]

.6.[sʌm][bə:dz][ɑ:]['siŋiŋ].Asheepisnotaship!Ashipisnotasheep!Theworkerhasabird.Fatherandmother,motherandfather,theygivemeahug(拥抱)!Adogisbehindthedoor.Oh,youlooksocool!双元音的一般特点是:1)由两个成分组成,发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动,发音过程口形有变化.2)前重后轻,第一个成分发音响亮清澈,第二个成分较轻弱模糊.3)前长后短,第一个成分发音较长,第二个成分发音较短./eɪ/,/aɪ/,/ɔɪ

/,/әʊ/,/aʊ/,/ɪә/,/eә/,/ʊә/(B)双元音（8个）/eɪ/casedateday

playgreat/aɪ/likewhitenightmyhi/ɔɪ/toynoisesoiljoy/әʊ/snowknowboatoldnosofa/aʊ/outsoundnowtower/ɪә/reallyyeardeerbeerhere/eә/hairbeardarefair/ʊә/poorsuretour合口双元音/ei//ai//əu//au//ɔi/

[ei]amakesnakenamefaceaimailpainpaintgainrainaydayplaywayMayeytheyheyeigheightweight常见字母和字母组合

[ai]

Readthewordsifinenicekniferideyshywhydryskyiediepieyebyeighhighlightnight

TonguetwisterMikelikestowritebythebrightlightatnight.2.Somepeoplelaugh,somepeoplecry;somegiveupandsomestilltry;somewillsayhiwhensomesaybye;somewillforgetyoubutneverwillI![əu]opostoldopenOlympicoaboatroadousoulshoulderowslowknowbowoughthoughalthough

Readthewords[au]ouaboutaroundsouthhourshoutowhowcowcrownReadthewords[ɔi]Readthewords

Boysandgirls,pleasepayattentionto“oy”!boytoyjoy

annoyingemployReadthewordsNowpleasepayattentionto“oi”!

oilsoilboilcoinpointnoise

集中双元音[iə]Readthewordsearealreallyearhearbeardtearclearneareerbeerdeerpeerpioneerereheremere[ɛə]Readthewords

are

darecaresharebarerare

air

hairflairfairstairrepair

ear

pearwear

ere

where

[uə]

Readthewordsoor

poormoorure

sureunsure

our

tourPractice读下列单词，写出划线部分的音标：

gotakedearthosefoundboyhellolifehourviolinsurebearAustraliashow

请再次朗读这些单词。Practice听下列单词，找出划线部分发音不同的选项(每个单词读两遍)：

1.A.cutB.comeC.doesD.box2.A.videoB.hideC.fiveD.nine3.A.coatB.homeC.dollarD.also4.A.each B.EnglishC.eighteenD.evening辅音概念：发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。英语中有28个辅音。辅音的分类按声带是否振动可分为清辅音和浊辅音两类：发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音；发音时声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。有22个是成对出现的：清辅音/p//t//k//f//s//θ//ʃ//h//tʃ/(/ts/)(/tr/)浊辅音

/b//d//g//v//z//ð//ʒ//r//dʒ/(/dz/)(/dr/)

其余6个浊辅音/m//n//ŋ//l//w//j/按发音的方法可分为六类：爆破音6个：/p//b//t//d//k//g/气流从口腔冲出，送气有力；磨擦音10个：/f//v//s//z//θ//ð//ʃ//ʒ//r//h/气流通过发音器官的缝隙，发生磨擦而发音；破擦音6个：/ts//dz//tr//dr//tʃ//dʒ/是爆破音和磨擦音的结合；鼻辅音3个：/m//n//ŋ/气流从鼻腔通过，振动声带而发音；旁流音1个：/l/气流从舌的两旁空隙处流过，同时振动声带而发音；半元音2个：/w//j/像元音一样，气流直接从口腔通过，同时又像辅音一样，气流通过时与发音器官稍有磨擦。爆破音6个:[p][b][t][d][k][g]

[p]

[p]Readthewords：paypipeputpiepeach注意：在[s]音的后边,[p]音要读成相应的 浊辅音[b]sportspeedspend[b]

Readthewords

：birdbedbagbigbuybakebillbearbook[t]

Readthewords：teateacherteamtankitmeetcatthoughtboat注意：在[s]音的后边,[t]音要读成相应的 浊辅音[d]

studentstandstick[d]

Readthewords：dodiddoesdeerdatedigdoomneedbedclimbed

[k]

Readthewords：ccakecarcancatcomekkitekeepckpickback

注意：在[s]音后面读相应的浊辅音[g]skyskillskate[g]

Readthewords：geesegogapgetbigbagbeg

爆破音小结:

1)[p][t][k]是清辅音，发音时声带不震动，送气要强。在词末时不要加上元音[ə]。2)[b][d][g]是浊辅音，发音时声带必须震动。在词末时不要加上元音[ə]。

摩擦音10个:/f//v//s//z//θ//ð//ʃ//ʒ//r//h/

[f]

[f]Readthewords：

ffivefirstlifefinefatfailfairfallfarm

phtelephonephoto

[v]

Readthewords：voteveryvaseleavefive

[s]

Readthewords：

sseemsetseeksayseebooksdensemousecups

cfaceiceraceprice[z]

Readthewords：

zzooprizezeal

sraisekneeseyes

[θ]

Readthewords：thinkteeththickthankthoughtbothtoothtruthfifthmouthfaith[ð]

Readthewords：thisthatthesethosethenthanthough

[ʃ]

Readthewords：shshipfishsheetsheepdishssureensuressassurechmachine[ʒ]

Readthewords：

pleasureusualleisuremeasure[r]

Readthewords：rraceredricerainrightroadfreefrypraywr

wrongwrite[h]

Readthewords：hhothomehousehorsehatehighwh

【注意】wh在元音字母o前才发此音。

wholewhowhosewhom

摩擦音小结:

发摩擦音时必须注意：1)口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙,气流从中泄出时摩擦或震动成音。2)摩擦音可以延长而发音器官位置不变。破擦音:[tʃ][dʒ][tr][dr][ts][dz][tʃ][tʃ]Readthewords：cheapchildchestchokecheckcatchwatch

[dʒ]

Readthewords：

jjeepjokejewjuicegginchangedgjodgejudge[tr]

Readthewords：treetreattriptraintram

[dr]

Readthewords：dreamdragdrawdrinkchildren

[ts]

Readthewords：sitsseatsmates