【史上最全整理】水轮发电机常识-英文词汇-说明书-安装工艺英文介绍

水轮机专用中英文对照术语（2013年6月4日从好友的空间站收藏）2一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulicmachinery2.2水轮机hydraulicturbine2.3蓄能泵storagepump2.4水泵水轮机reversibleturbine，pump-turbine2.5旋转方向directionofrotation2.6机组unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontalandinclinedunit2.14可调式水力机械regulatedhydraulicmachinery2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulatedhydraulicmachinery2.16主阀mainvalve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机reactionturbine3.1.2混流式水轮机Francisturbine，mixed-flowturbine3.1.3轴流式水轮机axialturbine3.1.4轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplanturbine，axial-flowadjustablebladpropellerturbine3.1.5轴流调桨式水轮机Thomaturbine3.1.6轴流定桨式水轮机Propellerturbine3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubularturbine，throughflowturbine3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulbturbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pitturbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机straightflowturbine，rim-generatorunit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubularturbine（S－typeturbine）3.1.12斜流式水轮机diagonalturbine3.1.13斜流转桨式水轮机Deriazturbine3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixedbladeofDeriazturbine3.1.15冲击式水轮机impulsturbine，actionturbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Peltonturbine，scoopturbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclinedjetturbine3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flowturbine3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugalstoragepump，mixed-flowstoragepump3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propellerstoragepump，axialstoragepump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonalstoragepump3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stagestoragepump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singalstagepump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stagepump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterflyvalve3.4.2平板蝶阀biplanebutterflyvalve，throughflowbutterflyvalve3.4.3圆筒阀cylindricalvalve，ringgate3.4.4球阀rotaryvalve，sphericalvalve3.4.5盘形阀mushroomvalve，hollow-conevalve，howell-Bungervalve3.4.6针形阀needlevalve3.4.7旁通阀by-passvalve3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuumbreakvalve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件embeddedcomponent4.1.2引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3蜗壳spiralcase4.1.4座环stayring4.1.5固定导叶stayvane4.1.6蜗壳鼻端spiralcasenose4.1.7基础环foundationring，dischargering4.1.8尾水管drafttube4.1.9锥形尾水管conicaldrafttube4.1.10肘形尾水管elbowdrafttube4.1.11尾水管锥管drafttubecone4.1.12尾水管肘管drafttubeelbow4.1.13尾水管扩散段drafttubeoutletpart4.1.14尾水管支墩drafttubepier4.1.15尾水管里衬drafttubeliner4.1.16机坑里衬pitliner4.1.17导水机构distributor4.1.18顶盖headcover，topcover4.1.19底环bottomring，bottomcover4.1.20导叶guidevane，wicketgate4.1.21控制环regulatingring，operatingring4.1.22导叶臂guidevanelever，wicketgatelever4.1.23分半键splitkey4.1.24导叶连杆guidevanelink，wicketgatelink4.1.25导叶过载保护装置guidevaneoverloadprotectiondevice4.1.26剪断销shearpin4.1.27摩擦装置frictiondevice4.1.28导叶轴承guidevanebearing4.1.29导叶止推轴承guidevanethrustbearing4.1.30导叶轴密封guidevanestemseal4.1.31导叶端面密封guidevaneendseal4.1.32导叶立面密封guidevaneseal4.1.33抗磨板facingplates，wearplates4.1.34导叶限位块guidevanestopblock4.1.35导叶接力器guidevaneservomotor4.1.36单导叶接力器individualguidevaneservomotor4.1.37推拉杆pushandpullrod，connectingrod4.1.38调速轴regulatingshaft4.1.39均压管balancepipe4.1.40转动部件rotatingcomponent4.1.41转轮runner4.1.42叶片blade4.1.43上冠crown4.1.44下环band4.1.45泄水锥runnercone4.1.46转轮密封装置runnerseal4.1.47转轮止漏环runnerwearingring4.1.48固定止漏环stationarywearingring4.1.49转轮减压板decompressionplate4.1.50主轴mainshaft4.1.51导轴承guidebearing4.1.52轴领guidebearingcollar4.1.53轴瓦guidebearingshoe4.1.54轴承体guidebearinghousing4.1.55主轴密封装置mainshaftseal4.1.56检修密封standstillseal4.1.57联轴螺栓couplingbolt4.2轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。4.2.1转轮室runnerchamber4.2.2内顶盖（支持盖）innerheadcover，innertopcover4.2.3转轮体runnerhub4.2.4转叶机构mechanismofrunnerblade4.2.5叶片枢轴runnerbladetrunnion4.2.6转臂(导叶臂)rockerarm4.2.7连杆link4.2.8操作架crosshead4.2.9转轮叶片接力器runnerbladeservomotor4.2.10协联装置combinationdevice4.2.11受油器oilhead4.5蓄能泵4.5.1吸水管suctiontube4.5.2叶轮impeller4.5.3轮叶impellerblade，impellervane4.5.4叶轮后盖impellerbackshroud4.5.5叶轮前盖impellerfrontshroud4.5.6蜗室spiralhousing4.5.7扩散管diffuser5性能参数5.1比能5.1.1比能specificenergy单位质量流体所具有的机械能，是位置比能、压力比能和速度比能的总和。5.1.2位置比能potentialenergy5.1.3压力比能pressureenergy5.1.4速度比能velocityenergy5.2水头5.2.1位置水头potentialhead5.2.2压力水头pressurehead5.2.3速度水头velocityhead5.2.4总水头head5.2.5毛水头grosshead5.2.6净水头nethead5.2.7额定水头ratedhead5.2.8设计水头designhead5.2.9最大（最小）水头maximum（minimum）head5.2.10加权平均水头weightedaveragehead5.2.11蓄能泵扬程storagepumphead5.2.12蓄能泵零流量扬程no-dischargeheadofstoragepump5.2.13蓄能泵最大（最小）扬程maximum（minimum）headofstoragepump5.3流量5.3.1水轮机流量turbinedischarge，turbineflowrate5.3.2蓄能泵流量storagepumpdischarge，storagepumpflowrate5.3.3额定流量rateddischarge5.3.4水轮机空载流量no-loaddischargeofturbine5.3.5蓄能泵最大（最小）流量maximum（minmum）storagepumpdischarge5.4转速5.4.1额定转速ratedspeed5.4.2水轮机飞逸转速runawayspeedofsurbine5.4.3蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］反向飞逸转速reverserunawayspeedofstoragepump5.5压力5.5.1表计压力（简称为压力）gaugepressure5.5.2环境压力（或大气压）atmpsphericpressure5.5.3绝对压力absolutepressure5.5.4汽化压力vapourpressure5.6功率5.6.1水轮机输入功率turbineinputpower5.6.2水轮机输出功率turbineoutputpower5.6.3水轮机额定输出功率ratedoutputpowerofturbine5.6.4蓄能泵的输出功率storagepumpoutputpower5.6.5蓄能泵的输入功率storagepumpinputpower5.6.6蓄能泵最大输入功率ratedinputpowerofstoragepump5.6.7蓄能泵零流量功率no-dischargeinputpowerofstoragepump5.6.8蓄能泵最小输入功率minimuminputpowerofstoragepump5.6.9转轮输出功率outputpowerofrunner5.6.10叶轮输入功率inputpowerofimpeller5.6.11转轮输入功率inputpowerofrunner5.6.12叶轮输出功率outputpowerofimpeller5.7效率5.7.1效率efficiency5.7.2水轮机机械效率mechanicalefficiencyofturbine5.7.3蓄能泵机械效率mechanicalefficiencyofstoragepump5.7.4水轮机水力效率hydraulicefficiencyofturbine5.7.5蓄能泵水力效率hydraulicefficiencyofstoragepump5.7.6相对效率relativeefficiency5.7.7加权（算术）平均效率weighted（arithmetic）averageefficiency5.7.8积分平均效率planimetricaverageefficiency5.8空化和空蚀5.8.1空化cavitation5.8.2空蚀cavitationerosion5.8.3水轮机空化系数cavitationfactorofturbine，cavitationcoefficientofturbine5.8.4蓄能泵空化系数cavitationfactorofstoragepump，cavitationcoefficientofstoragepump5.8.5临界空化系数criticalcavitationfactor5.8.6初生空化系数incipientcavitationfactor，cavitationinceptionfactor，initialcavitationfactor5.8.7电站空化系数plantcavitationfactor5.8.8吸出高度staticsuctionofturbine5.8.9吸入高度staticsuctionofstoragepump5.8.10蓄能泵吸入扬程损失suctionheadlossofstoragepump5.8.11蓄能泵空化余量（NPSH）（蓄能泵净吸上扬程）netpositivesuctionheadofstoragepump5.8.12安装高程settingelevation5.8.13空化裕量cavitationmargin5.9暂态过程5.9.1过渡过程transient5.9.2调节保证regulatingguarantee5.9.3水锤waterhammer5.9.4初始压力initialpressure5.9.5水轮机最大瞬态压力maximummomentarypressureofturbine5.9.6瞬态压力变化率momentarypressurevariationratio5.9.7初始转速initialspeed5.9.8水轮机最大瞬态转速maximummomentaryoverspeedofturbine5.9.9蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］的最大瞬态反向转速momentarycounterrotationspeedofstoragepump［pump-conditionofpump-turbine］5.9.10瞬态转速变化率momentaryspeedvariationratio6渗道参数6.1转轮（叶轮）公称直径runner（impeller）diameter6.2叶片开口bladeopening6.3叶片正（背）面pressure（suction）sideofblade6.4叶片进（出）水边leading（trailing）edge6.5叶片转角bladerotatingangle6.6叶片倾角bladetiltangle6.7叶片安放角bladeangle6.8蜗壳包角noseangle6.9导叶高度guidevaneheight6.13肘形尾水管深度depthofelbowdrafttube6.14节圆直径pitchdiameter6.15射流直径jetdiameter6.16射流直径比jetratio6.17射流入射角jetinclinedangle6.18射流椭圆ellipsedofinclinedjet（whenreachingthewheelvane）7试验方面7.1试验类型7.1.1原型（机）prototype7.1.2模型（机）model7.1.3验收试验acceptancetest7.1.4装配试验assemblytest7.1.5模型试验modeltest7.1.6性能试验performancetest7.1.7特性试验characteristictest7.1.8飞逸试验runawayspeedtest7.1.9力特性试验forcecharacteristictest7.1.10负载试验loadtest7.1.11甩负荷试验loadrejectiontest7.1.12耐压试验pressuretest7.1.13效率试验efficiencytest7.1.14空化试验cavitationtest7.1.15压力脉动试验pressurefluctuationtest7.1.16补气试验airadmissiontest7.1.17水轮机功率试验turbineoutputtest7.2运行工况7.2.1（运行）工况operatingcondition7.2.2最优工况optimumoperatingcondition7.2.3飞逸工况runawayspeedoperatingcondition7.2.4空载工况no-loadoperatingcondition7.2.5相似工况similaroperatingcondition7.2.6协联工况combinedcondition7.3力特性7.3.1力特性forcecharacter7.3.2导叶力特性guidevaneforcecharacter7.3.3叶片力特性bladeforcecharacter7.3.4水推力hydraulicthrust7.3.5径向力radialforce，lateralforce7.4单位量7.4.1单位转速unitspeed7.4.2单位流量unitdischarge7.4.3单位功率unitpower7.4.4单位飞逸转速unitrunawayspeed7.4.5单位水推力unithydraulicthrust7.4.6单位水力矩unithydraulictorque7.4.7水轮机比转速specificspeedofturbine7.4.8蓄能泵［水泵水轮机的泵工况］的流量比转速dischargespecificspeedofstoragepump7.4.9最优比转速optimumspecificspeed7.4.10（水轮机）压力脉动（turbine）pressurefluctuation7.5特性曲线7.5.1（水轮机）综合特性曲线（turbine）efficiencyhilldiagram，combinedcharacteristiccurve7.5.2（水轮机）运转特性曲线（turbine）performancecurve7.5.3飞逸特性曲线runawayspeedcurve7.5.4水泵水轮机全特性completecharacteristicsofpump-turbine准备工作Preparations准备工作Preparations机坑里衬、接力器里衬安装Pitliner,servomotor机坑里衬、接力器里衬安装Pitliner,servomotorlinerinstallation浇二期砼Placestage浇二期砼Placestage2ndconcrete尾水管里衬安装Drafttubelinerinstallation浇二期砼Placestage2ndconcrete座环安装Stayringinstallation浇二期砼Placestage2ndconcrete座环安装Stayringinstallation定子基础板及定子安装Statorfoundationplateandstatorinstallation蜗壳安装Spiralcasinginstallation定子基础板及定子安装Statorfoundationplateandstatorinstallation蜗壳安装Spiralcasinginstallation浇二期砼Placestage2ndconcrete浇二期砼Placestage2ndconcrete上机架安装定位、盖板安装Upperbracketinstallation上机架安装定位、盖板安装Upperbracketinstallationlocalization,coverplateinstallation吊开上机架及盖板Liftawayupperbracketandcoverplate空气冷却器安装Aircoolerinstallation吊开上机架及盖板Liftawayupperbracketandcoverplate空气冷却器安装Aircoolerinstallation下机架埋件及下机架的安装Lowerbracketembedmentandlowerbracketinstallation下机架埋件及下机架的安装Lowerbracketembedmentandlowerbracketinstallation启动试运行Startcommissioning水轮机转轮整体吊入启动试运行Startcommissioning水轮机转轮整体吊入Turbinerunnerintegrallyliftedin主轴转轮的联接Theconnectionofthemainshaftrunner主轴转轮的联接Theconnectionofthemainshaftrunner充水试验、参数整定Fillingwatertest,parameteradjusting充水试验、参数整定Fillingwatertest,parameteradjusting转子整体吊入Rotorliftedinintegrally上机架吊装、复位Upperbracketlifting,reset转轮检查Runnerinspection上机架吊装、复位Upperbracketlifting,reset转轮检查Runnerinspection清扫、加油Clean,oilfilling清扫、加油Clean,oilfilling导轴承、推力轴承安装Guidebearing,thrustbearinginstallation导轴承、推力轴承安装Guidebearing,thrustbearinginstallation导轴瓦间隙调整及油槽装配Guidebearingpadgapadjustmentandoilslotassembly发电机轴线找正Generatoraxiallinecentering正导轴瓦间隙调整及油槽装配Guidebearingpadgapadjustmentandoilslotassembly发电机轴线找正Generatoraxiallinecentering正机组复装Unitfitback机组复装Unitfitback推力瓦受力调整Thrustpadloadingadjustment机组轴线找正Unitaxiallinecentering联轴Coupling机组轴线找正Unitaxiallinecentering联轴Coupling1水轮机安装工艺措施Turbineinstallationtechnologicalmea