山西省太原双语中学2020届高考英语专题阅读理解强化训练集(四十六)

山西省太原双语中学2020届高考英语专题精选阅读理解增强训练集（四十六）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中。AWorkingasamanagerintheheadofficeofabank,asIdo,clothescanbeanightmare.InNewYork,whereIworkedforatimelastsummer,youhavetobravetheburningheateverytimeyoudaretogooutside,yetfreezeonceyouarriveinameetingwiththeair-conditionerturnedup.Istruggledtoknowwhattowear.TheproblemwasworsenedbytheofficedresscodeforthemonthsofJulyandAugust,whichwas“dress-down”.Thedress-downphenomenonseemstohavebeguninplaceswherestaffworkthroughtheterribleheatofsummerwhiletheirfamiliestakeshelteratthecoastorinthehills.Dress-down,limitedtoFriday,allowsstafftoheadstraightfortheirout-of-townplacesonFridayeveningswithoutgoinghometochange.ButinNewYorkithasnowbecomeaweek-roundstateofaffairs.Thismovemayhavebeenbornoutofconsideration;toallowpeopleonWallStreettotraveltoworkintheheatinsomethingmorecomfortablethanasuit,buttheeffectislesskind.Forme,dress-downisbadfortworeasons.Thefirstisthatitactuallyrequiresawholenewwardrobe.FormymalecolleaguesintheUS,itseemedtomeanaswitchfromoneuniformtoanother.Ibasicallyonlyowntwotypesofclothes;suitsforworkinginandtrulycasualclothesforrelaxingweekendsinthecountryside.ReturningtoLondon,Iwasthereforeratherembarrassedtodiscoverthatmyemployershadstartedsummerdress-down.Heretoo,thoughitsrelevancetotheclimateisfarfromimmediatelyapparent.Atfirst,Itriedtosidestepitbysimplyturningupinmysuitasusual,butmystaffcomplainedthattheythenfeltpressuredintodoingthesame.So,Ifoundmyselfhavingtobuy“smartcasual”clothesspecificallytoweartowork;aridiculousexpense.EvenmoreannoyingisthefactthatI’mstillrequiredtohaveasuithangingupinmyofficeincaseI’msuddenlycalledtoameetingonourconferencefloor,wheredress-downisbannedforfearthataclientshouldwitnessit.Oneofmycolleaguesstartedtoaccumulatemoreandmoreverysmartsuitsinheroffice,explainingthatshewashavingherflatrenovatedandthatin-officewardrobewasanecessityasshewasstayingatadifferentfriend’splaceeachnight.Weweren’tconvinced.Fortheothergreatinconvenienceofdress-downforthestaffisthatitmakesiteasierthanevertospotwhencolleaguesaregoingtojobinterviews.Fortherestoftheyear,itiseasyenoughtoarrangetheseduringtheworkingweek,butinthesummerwhendress-downrules,it’sadeadgiveawaytoarriveinoverlysmartclothesandthengooutfora“dentalappointment”.Iwouldnormallyapplaudthisstateofaffairs,asanimportantpartofmytimeisspenttryingtopreventvaluedemployeesfrommovingelsewhere,andanycluesabouttheirintentionsarehelpfulandallowmetonipthingsinthebud(消灭于萌芽中).However,theclotheshanginginmyofficearenowfindingaseconduse.Ihavesuddenlybecomethetargetforseveral“headhunters”,peopleemployedbyothercompaniestotryandattractemployeesawaywithoffersofbetterpayandconditions.TheonlyproblemwiththisisthatIhavejusttheonesuitattheoffice.Asaseriesofinterviewswithonefutureemployerprogresses,I’mhavingtobringinadditionalclothes.Icanhardlypresentmyselfasahighly-paidinvestmentbanker,requiringavastsalary,iftheyonlyeverseemeinonesuit.Atthisrate,IshallhavetotellmystaffthatI,too,havedecidedtohavemyflatdoneup.1.Accordingtothewriter,“dress-down”inNewYorkbeganasawayof______.A.makinglifeeasierforstaffinthesummermonthsB.discouragingstafffromtakingsummerholidaysC.showingconcernforstaffwholivedoutoftownD.rewardingthoseemployeeswillingtoworkintheheat2.Whatwasthewriter’sfirstreactiontotheideaof“dress-down”inherLondonoffice?A.Shearguedagainstit.B.Sheattemptedtoignoreit.C.Sherecognizedtheneedforit.D.Shepersuadedherstafftoadoptit.3.Whydoes“dress-down”annoythewriter?A.Noteveryoneobeystherule.B.Herclientsfinditembarrassing.C.Itdoesnotapplyonalloccasions.D.Theclothesthemselvesdonotsuither.4.Inwhichaspectofherworkdoesthewriterfind“dress-down”anadvantage?A.Trainingnewmembersofstaff.B.Providingherstaffwithsomeinformation.C.Makingsurethatherstaffremainfaithful.D.Makingherstafffeelmorecomfortableatwork.Theunderlinedword“giveaway”inthesixthparagraphmeans_________.A.somethingthatisgivenawayfree.B.willingnesstostopdoingsomething.C.willingnesstogiveawaytotheother’swishes.D.somethingthatmakesiteasyforyoutoguesssomething.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thewriterwantstohaveherflatredecorated.B.Thewriterisconcernedaboutherdressingintheinterviews.C.Theheadhuntersdiscoveredthewriterbyhersuit.D.Thewriterfeelsitwrongtomeetwiththeheadhunters.BTheaimsoftheIllustrators(插图画家)Exhibition,stagedaspartoftheBolognaChildren’sBookFair,organizedbyBolognaFiereandheldfrom19to22March2020,aretobringillustratorsandpublisherstogetherandtopromoteillustratorsandtheirworksamongpublishers.QUALIFICATIONS*Individualillustratorsorgroupsofillustratorsofanynationality,iftheywerebornbefore31stDecember1994,whoseartworkisintendedforuseinchildren’sbooks,arequalifiedtoentertheExhibition,eitherdirectlyorthroughpublishinghousesorschools.*PleasestateintheapplicationformwhetheryouareenteringworkfortheFictionorNon-fictionCategory.Illustratorsmayonlyenteronecategory.*ArtworkpreviouslypresentedtotheExhibitionmaynotbere-entered.*Theconfirmation(确认)formmustbefilledinandaphotographattached,thenpresentedtogetherwithillustrationsnolaterthan26September2020.SHIPMENTEntriesmaybedeliveredbypost,expressdeliveryserviceorbyhand.Fromabroad,pleaseusethefollowingforms:Form“A”forregisteredmailorpostbyair;Form“B”ifusinganinternationalforwardingagentorairline.Toavoiddelays,materialshouldnotbesentbynormalpost.Materialshouldbesent“carriage(运费)paid”,includinganycustomsanddeliverycosts.BolognaFieremaynotbeheldresponsibleforthenon-arrivalorlatearrivalofartwork.AllpublishedworksmustbeaccompaniedbyadeclarationbearingtheISBNnumber,publisher’snameandaddress.REQUIREMENTSTheillustrations(i.e.thesizeofthesheet)mustnotexceedthefollowingdimensions:Illustrationsinlargerformatswillnotbeconsidered,norwilltheybereturnedbyBolognalFiere.Theillustrationsmustbeonpaperorflexibleboard,maximumthickness2mm(forscannerseparationpurposes).SELECTIONPROCESSAllartworkreceivedbythestateddeadlineandmeetingthespecifiedrequirementswillbeexaminedandselectedbyaninternationalgroup(whosedecisionisfinal),includingfivemembers(frompublishinghousesandartschools)appointedeachyearbyBolognaFiere.ANNUALEachillustratorselectedbytheCommitteewillbegrantedtwopagesintheAnnual,forthereproductionofallorsomeoftheillustrationsaswellasaspaceforthebibliography.BolognalFiere.HastherighttochoosetheworkstobepublishedintheAnnualandtomakecompleteorpartialreproductions.EXHIBITIONSABROADAftertheBolognaevent,theillustratorExhibitionwilltraveltoJapanunderthesupervisionofJBBY.Theillustratorexhibitionmayafterwardsbetransferredtoothervenuesinothercountries.TheExhibitionsofillustrationsheldabroadfollowthesamerulesandregulationsastheillustratorExhibition,andtheprovision(条款)oftheregulationsareextendedtotheorganizersoftheexhibitionsheldabroad.RETURNOFARTWORKAlltheworkswillbereturnedtotheirownersbyBolognaFierebytheendofJuly2020.7.Accordingtothetext,theIllustratorsExhibitions_________.A.willlastfivedaysinallinJulyeveryotheryear.B.isintendedforcollegestudentswhoaregoodatpaintingC.isheldbytheBolognaChildren’sBookFairD.canstrengthentherelationshipbetweenillustratorsandpublishers8.TheillustratorsoftheIllustratorsExhibitions_________.A.shouldbeatleast16andnomorethan25B.mayre-entertheirartworkafteritisreturnedC,shouldstatethecategoryoftheirartworkclearlyD.maychoosetoattachaphotototheapplicationform9.Whichofthefollowingisunacceptablefordeliveringentries?A.Normalpost.B.AirlinepostC.Registeredmail.D.Expressdelivery10.WhatisBolognaFiereresponsiblefor?A.Payingforthedeliverycosts.B.Latearrivalofartwork.C.ConfirmationoftheISBNnumber.D.Returningtheillustrator’sworks.TheIllustrators’workswillnotbeconsideredifthey________.A.arereceivedafterthedayof26September2020.B.aresmallerthanthesize32*42cm.C.arethinnerthan2mm.D.don’tmeetthedemandsoftheinternationalexperts.CThe$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbyciting(引用)olderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdepressedfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-approval.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治疗)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(静思)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.12.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?A.ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.B.Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.C.Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.D.Ithasbroughtpositiveresults.13.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?A.Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangood.B.Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.C.Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.D.Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.14.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“you'rejustunderlininghisfaults”?WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?A.Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyincreasetheirself-esteem.B.Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.C.Self-approvalcanbringapositivechangetoone'smood.D.Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelingsDMyfavoriteteacher’snamewas“Dead-Eye”Bean.HerrealnamewasDorothy.ShetaughtAmericanhistorytoeighthgradersinthejuniorhighsectionofCreston,thehighschoolthatservedthenorthendofGrandRapids,Mich.Itwasthefallof1944.FranklinD.Rooseveltwaspresident;AmericantroopswerebattlingtheirwayacrossFrance;JoeDiMaggiowasstillintheservice;theMontgomerybusboycottwasmorethanadecadeaway,andIwasa12-year-oldblacknewcomerinaschoolthatwasotherwiseallwhite.Mymother,whohadbeenawidowinNewYork,hadmarriedmystepfather,aGrandRapidsphysician,theyearbefore,andhehadboughtthebesthousehecouldaffordforhisnewfamily.Theproblemforournewneighborswasthattheirneighborhoodhadpreviouslybeenpristine(intheirterms)andtheywereignorantaboutblackpeople.Theprevailingwisdomintheneighborhoodwasthatwewerespoilingitandthatweoughttogobackwherewebelonged(or,alternatively,oughtnottointrudewherewewerenotwanted).Therewasalotofangrytalkamongtheadults,butnothingmuchcameofit.Butsomeofthekids,thosefirstfewweeks,werequitenasty.Theythrewstonesatme,chasedmehomewhenIwasonfootandspatonmybikeseatwhenIwasinclass.Foratime,Iwasaprettylonely,friendlessandsometimesfrightenedkid.IwasjusttransplantedfromHarlem,andhereinGrandRapids,thedominantculturewasspeakingtomeinsistently.IcanseenowthatthoseyoungsterswerebullyingandIwasculturallydisadvantaged.Iknewthenthattheywerebigoted（偏执的）,buttheculturespoketomemorepowerfullythanmymindandIfeltashamedforbeingdifferent–anonstandardperson.InowknowthatDorothyBeanunderstoodmostofthatanddisapprovedofit.SothingsbegantochangewhenIwalkedintoherclassroom.Shewasapleasant-lookingsinglewoman,wholookedoldandwrinkledtomeatthetime,butwhowasprobablyabout40.Whereasmyotherteachersapproachedtheproblemofeasingintheirnewblackpupilbyignoringhimforthefirstfewweeks,Mrs.Beanwentrightatme.Onthemorningafterhavingreadourfirstassignment,sheaskedmethefirstquestion.IlatercametoknowthatinGrandRapids,shewasviewedasapersonwhobelieved,amongotherthings,thatNegroeswereequal.Iansweredherquestionandthefollow-up.Theyweren’tbrilliantanswers,buttheydidestablishthefactthatIhadreadtheassignmentandthatIcouldspeakEnglish.Laterinthehour,whenoneofmyclassmateshadfailedtogiveananswer,Miss.Beancamebacktomewithaquestionthatrequiredmetocleanupthegirl’smessandestablishedmeasasmartperson.Thus,theteacherbegantogivemehumandimensions,thoughnotperfectonesforaneighthgrader.Itwassomewhatbettertobeateacher’spetthanmerelyadarkpresenceinthebackoftheroom.Afewdayslater,MissBeanbecamethefirstteacherevertorequiremetothink.SheaskedmyopinionaboutsomethingJeffersonhaddone.Inthosedays,allmyopinionswerederivative(缺乏独创性的).IwasforRooseveltbecausemyparentswereandIwasfortheYankeesbecausemyolderbuddyfromHarlemwasaYankeefan.Besides,wedidn’thaveopinionsabouthistoricalfigureslikeJefferson.LikeourhighschoolbuildingorMayorWelch,hejustwas.AfterIstaredatherforafewseconds,shesaid:“Well,shouldhehaveboughtLousianaornot?”“Iguessso,”Irepliedtentatively.“Why?”sheshotback.Why?Whatkindofquestionwasthat,Icomplainedsilently.ButIventuredananswer.Dayafterday,shekeptdoingthattome,andmyanswersbecamestrongerandmoreconfident.ShewasthefirstteachertogivemethesensethatthinkingwaspartofeducationandthatIcouldformopinionsthathadsomevalue.Herfinalserviceto