专业英语阅读与写作培训讲义课件

Howtosearch,manageandwritebiomedicalpapers

专业英语阅读与写作LiangZhaohui，M.Med，MPHSecondSchoolofClinicMedicine主讲人：梁兆晖第二临床医学院Howtosearch,manageandwritOutlineofthislectureAttheendofthislecture,youwillbeableto:Skim,identify&collectbiomedicalpapersbyusingonlineresource–howtoreadUnderstandhowtowritestructuredabstractsofbiomedicalpapers&familiarwiththegeneralstructuresofbiomedicalpapers–howtoread&writeUnderstandtheconceptsofSCIindexedjournalsandhowtochosejournalsforpapersubmission–howtowriteFamiliarwiththepeerreviewprocedureofSCIjournalsandhowtopublishpapersOutlineofthislectureAttheAbriefself-introductionLiangZhaohuiStudybackgroundMasterofMedicine,GuangzhouUniversityofChineseMedicine,2008MasterofPublicHealth(MPH),SunYat-senUniversityPhDcandidate,GuangzhouUniversityofChineseMedicine,since2010WorkingbackgroundAttendingphysician&associateresearcher,secondschoolofclinicmedicineEmail:liang_zhao_hui@163.comAbriefself-introductionLiangSCIpublicationsFuWB,LiangZH,ZhuXP,YuP,ZhangJF.Analysisontheeffectofacupunctureintreatingcervicalspondylosiswithdifferentsyndrometypes.ChinJIntegrMed2009Dec;15(6):426-30.IF=0.42LiangZH,YinDZ.PreventivetreatmentoftraditionalChinesemedicineasantistressandantiagingstrategy.RejuvenationRes2010Apr-Jun;13(2-3):248-52.IF=4.198LuCJ,LuoY,ZhouH,QinXL,ChenBJ,TangXC,DengH,LiangZH,OuAH.ApreliminarystudyonthemedicalexpenditureofChinesemedicineandintegrativemedicinetreatmentforinfluenzaa(H1N1)inthefeverclinics.ChinJIntegrMed2010Dec;16(6):493-7.IF=0.578LiangZ,ZhuX,YangX,FuW,LuA.Assessmentofatraditionalacupuncturetherapyforchronicneckpain:apilotrandomisedcontrolledstudy.ComplementTherMed2011Jan;19Suppl1:S26-32.IF=1.95WangXY,LiangZH,HuangHL,LiangWX.PrinciplesofethicsreviewontraditionalmedicineandthepracticeofinstitutereviewboardinChina.ChinJIntegrMed2011Aug;17(8):631-4.IF=0.578SCIpublicationsFuWB,LiangZSKIM,IDENTIFY&COLLECTBIOMEDICALPAPERSBYUSINGONLINERESOURCESection1SKIM,IDENTIFY&COLLECTBIOMEHowtotransmityourideafromChinesetoEnglishClarifyyourconceptswithacceptableEnglishtermsGoogletranslator,CNKItranslatorSearchthestandardtermbyusingPubMedMeSHDatabaseCombiningtheconceptintoasearchingstrategyandsearchingpapersinPubMedFiltertherawinformationwithLimitsandAdvancedSearchtoolsHowtotransmityourideafromGoogle翻译页面Google翻译页面CNKI翻译助手页面CNKI翻译助手页面WhatisPubMedPubMed是美国家医学图书馆(NLM)下属的国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)开发的文献数据检索系统PubMed是NCBIEntrez数个数据库查询系统下中的一个。PubMed提供免费的MEDLINE、PREMEDLINE与其他相关数据库接入服务，所包含的文献数据库记录超过1亿条。WhatisPubMedPubMed是美国家医学图书馆(WhatisMeSH《医学主题词表》(MedicalSubjectHeadings,简称MeSH)，是美国国立医学图书馆编制的权威性主题词表。它是一部规范化的可扩充的动态性叙词表。美国国立医学图书馆以它作为生物医学标引的依据，编制《医学索引》(IndexMedicus)及建立计算机文献联机检索系统MEDLINE数据库。目前，MeSH汇集约18,000多个医学主题词。《MeSH》在文献检索中的重要作用主要表现在两个方面：准确性（准确揭示文献内容的主题）和专指性。标引（对文献进行主题分析，从自然语言转换成规范化检索语言的过程）人员将信息输入检索系统以及检索者(用户)利用系统内信息情报这两个过程中，以主题词作为标准用语，使标引和检索之间用语一致，达到最佳检索效果。

WhatisMeSH《医学主题词表》(MedicalSWhatisSCISCI（科学引文索引）、EI（工程索引）、ISTP（科技会议录索引）

并称世界三大科技文献检索系统，国际公认的进行科学统计与科学评价的主要检索工具,其中以SCI最为重要。《科学引文索引》(ScienceCitationIndex，SCI)是由美国科学信息研究所(ISI)1961年创办出版的引文数据库，收录范围是当年国际上的重要期刊,以生命科学及医学、化学、物理所占比例最大,在学术界占有重要地位。许多国家和地区均以被SCI收录及引证的论文情况来作为评价学术水平的一个重要指标。从SCI的严格的选刊原则及严格的专家评审制度来看，它具有一定的客观性，较真实地反映了论文的水平和质量。根据SCI收录及被引证情况，可以从一个侧面反映学术水平的发展情况。特别是每年一次的SCI论文排名成了判断一个学校科研水平的一个十分重要的标准。目前被SCI收录的期刊有五千多种，其中生命科学1350种，临床医学990种WhatisSCISCI（科学引文索引）、EI（工程索引实例演示在PubMed数据库查找针灸治疗颈椎病近5年发表的文献确定英文检索词：颈椎病CervicalspondylosisNeckPain进行MeSH主题词检索：("NeckPain"[Mesh])AND("AcupunctureTherapy"[Mesh]OR"Acupuncture"[Mesh]OR"Acupuncture,Ear"[Mesh])实例演示在PubMed数据库查找针灸治疗颈椎病近5年发表的文使用Limits进行检索条件限定：Publishedinthelast5years、TypeofArticle：ClinicalTrial、Language:English、Species：Humans实例演示使用Limits进行检索条件限定：Publishedin通过快速阅读（skim）论文摘要，确定（identity）所需要的文献，生成并下载检索题录实例演示通过快速阅读（skim）论文摘要，确定（identity）所勾选所需要的文献记录，以MEDLINE题录格式保存到计算机，建议使用EndNote等文献管理软件进行管理实例演示勾选所需要的文献记录，以MEDLINE题录格式保存到计算机，实例演示实例演示SomecuestoreadEnglishpapersCurrentlythereismassiveliteratureresourceavailableonlineConventionalreadingisNOTsuitabletoonlinereadingorbibliographydevelopmentUsingvariousbiomedicalliteraturedatabaseandsearchingskillsareessentialforbiomedicalpaperreadingApplyingeffectivefilterscannarrowthereadingscopeandsavetime,butthefinaldecisionistomadebyhumanSomecuestoreadEnglishpapeProcedureofpaperreadingandidentifyingTitleAbstractAuthorsFulltextTitle:toidentifythekeyinformation,i.e.whatisstudied(object,problem,skill),whatkindofthestudy(clinical,laboratory,survey)Abstract:mostabstractsarehighlystructured,i.e.objective/background,methods,result/outcome,conclusion,inwhichobjectiveandconclusionshouldbefocusedAuthors:isthereanyfamousauthor?BigappleusuallyappearsinoutstandingpapersFulltext:fulltextreadingisonlyforthemostimportantpapers.E.g.itcontainsthestudyproceduresormethodsyouwanttoduplicate.TheabstractusuallyservesasoutlineofthepaperandcontainsthekeyinformationProcedureofpaperreadingandKEYPRINCIPLESOFWRITINGBIOMEDICALPAPERSSection2KEYPRINCIPLESOFWRITINGBIOMPaperabstractTheabstractshouldprovideanoverviewofthemainstoryandafewessentialdetails.Theabstractshouldbeclearbothtoreaderswhoreadthepaperandtoreaderswhodonotreadthepaper,i.e.mostreaderonlyreadabstractsinsteadofthefulltextAgoodabstractshouldbewellstructured,i.e.containingthetermswhenapplicable:Objectives,Design,Settings/Location,Subjects,Interventions,OutcomeMeasures,Results,andConclusions.PaperabstractTheabstractshoSomecuesforabstractwritingAbstractcanbeginwithaninfinitivephrase:to

test…,tojustify,toevaluate,toexploreAppropriateuseoftenseusepresenttenseforquestion,answer,methoddescription,usepasttense/presentperfecttenseforprocedureandresultdescriptionThestatementoffactscanusepassive/activevoiceSubjunctivemoodandcautiousverbsareNOTrecommendedinscientificstatementSomecuesforabstractwriting实例演示OBJECTIVE:Thisstudyisaimedtoassesstheefficacyoftraditionalacupunctureforchronicneckpaininpatientsbycomparingthedifferencesinsymptoms,dysfunctionsandqualityoflife.METHODS:Thestudyusedatwo-arm,single-blinded,randomisedcontrolleddesign.Thepatientswererandomisedtothestudygroupandcontrolgroup,whorespectivelyreceivedtraditionalacupunctureandplacebotreatment.TheNorthwickParkNeckPainQuestionnaire(NPQ),visualanaloguescale(VAS),ShortForm(36)HealthSurvey(SF-36)anddoctor'sjudgementwereappliedformeasuringeffectiveness.Thepatients'effectivenessoutcomewasassessed,respectively,beforetheintervention,immediatelyaftertheintervention,attheendofthefirstmonthoffollow-upandattheendofthethirdmonthoffollow-up.ThestatisticalanalysiswasdoneonStatisticalPackageforSocialSciences(SPSS)v13,whichincludedcomparisonofdemographicandclinicalhomogeneity,therepeatedmeasuresapproachbasedonthegenerallinearmodel(GLM)foreffectivenessassessmentandthesumranktestfordoctors'subjectiveefficacyjudgement.实例演示OBJECTIVE:Thisstudyisa实例演示RESULTS:Totally,190patientswererecruitedand178patients(88inthestudygroupand90inthecontrolgroup)completedtheinterventionandfollow-upassessment.ThescoresofNPQ,VASandSF-36wereimprovedaftertheinterventionandduringfollow-up(P<0.01vs.beforetheintervention).ThepatientsinthestudygrouphadbettereffectivenessoutcomeinNPQ,VASandintheVT,SFandMHdomainsofSF-36(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Traditionalacupuncturecanrelievepainintensityandimprovethequalityofdailylifewitharelativelong-termclinicalefficacyinpatientswithchronicneckpain.实例演示RESULTS:Totally,190patiAfreestyleabstractPremedicalinterventionbeforediseasesisoneoftheprincipalpracticesintraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)fortacklinghealthproblemsanddiseases.-BackgroundThispaperexplainsthepreventivetreatmentprincipleinTCMregardingthesubhealthconditionfollowingstress-inducedpathophysiologicalsituations,mainlyoxidativeandglycationstresses,intheframeworkofmetabonomicsandcellbiology.-DetailScientificinterpretationsforvariouspreventivetreatmentsinTCMpresenttheideathatdiseasepreventionshouldsurpassmedicalinterventioninhumans.-Result&conclusionAntistressbiologyisproposedforthefirsttimeasapreclinicalpracticeorstrategyforantiaging.–ImportanceandmeaningAfreestyleabstractPremedicaThetextofthebiomedicalresearchpaperIntroduction/Background(研究背景)MaterialsandMethods(材料与方法)Results(研究结果)Discussion(讨论)Acknowledgements(致谢)References(参考文献)ThetextofthebiomedicalresIntroduction/BackgroundTheintroductionhastwofunctions.Oneistoawakenthereader’sinterest.Theotheristobeinformativeenoughtopreparereaders,whetherornottheyarespecialistsinyourfield,tounderstandthepaper.Toawakeninterest,anintroductionshouldbedirectandtothepoint,anditshouldbeasshortaspossibleconsistentwithclarityandinformativenesss.Introduction/BackgroundTheiMaterialsandMethodsThefunctionofthematerialsandmethodssectionistodescribethedetailofwhathasbeendoneinthestudy.Itshouldincludessufficientdetailandreferencestopermitatrainedscientisttoevaluateyourworkfullyortorepeattheexperimentsexactlyasyoudidthem.Makethemethodssectionaslongasnecessarytodescribewhatyoudidbutdonotincludeunnecessarywordsorfussydetail.UsetheInternationalSystemofUnitsMaterialsandMethodsThefunctResultsThefunctionoftheresultssectionistostatetheresultsoftheexperimentsdescribedinthematerialsandmethodssectionTheresultssectiondirectsthereaderstofiguresortablesthatpresentsupportingdataKeeptheresultssectionbriefandunclutteredsothatthereadercanseetheforestforthetrees.GiveactualP

valuesbothforsignificantandfornonsignificantdifferencesResultsThefunctionoftheresToanswerthequestion(s)posedintheintroductionToexplainhowtheresultssupporttheanswerToexplainhowtheanswer(s)fitinwithexistingknowledgeMakethediscussionnolongerthannecessarytostate,support,explain,anddefendtheanswertothequestionsandpresentanyothernecessaryinformationDiscussionToanswerthequestion(s)poseTheAcknowledgmentsectionisthegeneraltermforthelistofcontributions,disclosures,credits,andotherinformationincludedattheendofthetextofamanuscriptbutbeforethereferences.TheAcknowledgmentsectionincludes:authors’contributions;informationonauthoraccesstodata;disclosureofpotentialconflictsofinterest;sourcesoffundingandsupport;anexplanationoftheroleofsponsor(s);names,degrees,andaffiliationsofparticipantsinalargestudyorothergroup;listingofsupplementalmaterial;thecontributions,names,degrees,affiliations,andindicationifcompensationhasbeenreceivedforallpersonswhohavemadesubstantialcontributionstotheworkbutwhoarenotauthors.AcknowledgementsTheAcknowledgmentsectionisReferencesgivecredittotheideasandfindingsofothersanddirectreaderstosourcesoffurtherinformation.Referencemustbeaccurateineverydetail:authors’names&initials,titleofthepaper,titleofthejournal,yearofpublication,volumenumber,firstandthelastpagenumbersTheformatofreferencecitationvariesaccordingtodifferentjournals’requirement(itcanbeautomaticallygeneratedbyEndNote)LiangZ,ZhuX,YangX,FuW,LuA.Assessmentofatraditionalacupuncturetherapyforchronicneckpain:apilotrandomisedcontrolledstudy.ComplementTherMed2011Jan;19Suppl1:S26-32.（NLM）LiangZ,ZhuX,YangX,FuW,LuA.Assessmentofatraditionalacupuncturetherapyforchronicneckpain:apilotrandomisedcontrolledstudy.ComplementTherMed.Jan2011;19Suppl1:S26-32.（JAMA）Liang,Z.,Zhu,X.,Yang,X.,Fu,W.,andLu,A.(2011).Assessmentofatraditionalacupuncturetherapyforchronicneckpain:apilotrandomisedcontrolledstudy.ComplementTherMed19Suppl1,S26-32.（CELL）ReferenceReferencesgivecredittotheCONSORT是“theConsolidatedStatementofReportingTrials”的简称，即《临床试验报告统一标准》，旨在制订临床试验报告（尤其是RCT）的质量，由DavidMoher和DrummondRennie发起，于1996年在加拿大渥太华制订了第一版的CONSOR声明，目前最新为2010版CONSORT声明得到了全世界400多种期刊的认可，同时也获得国际医学期刊编辑委员会（ICMJE）、科学编辑理事会、世界医学编辑协会等权威医学期刊编辑组织的正式支持。Thestandardofclinicalreport

–CONSORTSTATEMENTCONSORT是“theConsolidatedStatHowtoapplyCONSORTinwritingTheCONSORTStatementcomprisesa25-itemchecklistandaflowdiagram,alongwithsomebriefdescriptivetext.Thechecklistitemsfocusonreportinghowthetrialwasdesigned,analyzed,andinterpreted;Theflowdiagramdisplaystheprogressofallparticipantsthroughthetrial.HowtoapplyCONSORTinwritinHowtousetheCONSORTChecklistSeeanexampleHowtousetheCONSORTCheckliACONSORTflowdiagramACONSORTflowdiagramTablesandfiguresTablesTablesareusuallyusedtopresentbackgroundinformationrelatedtomethodsortopresentdataTablesofdataeitherpresentindividualdataforallsubjects,orspecimensstudiedormakeapointTableshouldbearrangedtohaveclearvisualimpactNOTE:DONOTdirectlycopythetablesfromstatisticsoftware(e.g.SPSS)toyourpaperUsethreehorizontallines:oneabovethecolumnheadings,onebelowthecolumnheadings,andonebelowthedataTablesandfiguresTablesAnexampleofTableAnexampleofTableFiguresFiguresareusuallyusedtoclarifymethodsortopresentevidencethatsupportstheresultsDesignfiguretohavevisualimpactFiguresFiguresareusuallyusePAPERSUBMISSION&PEERREVIEWSection3PAPERSUBMISSION&PEERREVIEWHowtochooseasuitablejournalCriteriaI:isitindexedbySCI?CriteriaII:whatisthecurrentimpactfactorofthejournal?HowtochooseasuitablejournImpactfactor影响因子Theimpactfactor,oftenabbreviatedIF,isameasurereflectingtheaveragenumberofcitationstoarticlespublishedinscienceandsocialsciencejournals.ImpactfactorsarecalculatedyearlyforthosejournalsthatareindexedinThomsonReutersJournalCitationReports.（usuallypublishinJune）IFcalculation:2008impactfactor=A/BA=thenumberoftimesarticlespublishedin2006and2007werecitedbyindexedjournalsduring2008B=thetotalnumberof"citableitems"publishedbythatjournalin2006and2007.("Citableitems"areusuallyarticles,reviews,proceedings,ornotes;NOTeditorialsorLetters-to-the-Editor.)Impactfactor影响因子TheimpactfTheimpactfactorofajournalTheimpactfactorofajournalTheimpactfactorofajournalTheimpactfactorofajournalTheimpactfactorofajournalTheimpactfactorofajournalRecommendationofJournalsforChinesemedicalpapersComplementaryTherapiesinMedicine,IF2010=1.484JournalofAlternativeandComplementaryMedicine,IF2010=1.498Evidence-basedcomplementaryandalternativemedicine,IF2010=2.06ChineseJournalofIntegrativeMedicine,IF2010=0.578JournalofTraditionalChineseMedicine,IFnotavailableRecommendationofJournalsforHowtosubmitapaperMostSCIjournalsonlyacceptonlinesubmissionThecommonsubmissionprocedure:CreateanaccountonthewebsiteLoginthesubmissionsystemCreateanentryforanewmanuscriptFilloutthekeyinformation,i.e.papertype,title,abstract,keywords,authorinformation,designatepreferred/Non-preferredreviewersCoverletterUploadfilesSubmitHowtosubmitapaperMostSCILogin/createanaccountLogin/createanaccountCreateanewmanuscriptCreateanewmanuscriptFilloutinformationFilloutinformationWriteacoverletterThecoverletteristoindicatethetitleofthepaper,thenameoftheauthor/sandthemainideaorcontributionofyourarticle.Itwillbeausefulmessagetothejournaleditorfromtheauthorforsellingtheimportanceandscientificvaluesofthesubmittedmanuscript.ExampleWriteacoverletterThecoverUploadfilesTheuploadfilesincludethemanuscript,figures,tables,photosetc.Somejournalsrequirethatfigures,tablesshouldbesubmittedseparatedfromthemaintextUploadfilesTheuploadfilesiPeerreviewPeerreviewisaprocessofself-regulationbyaprofessionoraprocessofevaluationinvolvingqualifiedindividualswithintherelevantfield.Peerreviewmethodsareemployedtomaintainstandards,improveperformanceandprovidecredibility.Inacademiapeerreviewisoftenusedtodetermineanacademicpaper'ssuitabilityforpublication.PeerreviewPeerreviewisaprTheprocedureofpeerreviewAftersubmissionisfinished,themanuscriptwillbereviewbytheeditorwhodetermineswhetherthepaperisworthpeerviewTherearetworeviewersassignedbytheeditorforthefirstroundreviewAthirdreviewerwillbeassignediftheopinionsofthetworeviewersinthefirstroundiscontradictiveThefinaldecisionisbasedonthepeerviewopinionTheprocedureofpeerreviewAThepeerreviewprocedureThepeerreviewprocedurePeerreviewprocedurePeerreviewprocedureDecisionsReviewerAcceptAcceptwithMinorRevisionMajorRevisionandResubmitRejectEditorAcceptRejectResubmitDecisionsReviewerTheEndThankyou!TheEndThankyou!演讲完毕，谢谢观看！演讲完毕，谢谢观看！Howtosearch,manageandwritebiomedicalpapers

专业英语阅读与写作LiangZhaohui，M.Med，MPHSecondSchoolofClinicMedicine主讲人：梁兆晖第二临床医学院Howtosearch,manageandwritOutlineofthislectureAttheendofthislecture,youwillbeableto:Skim,identify&collectbiomedicalpapersbyusingonlineresource–howtoreadUnderstandhowtowritestructuredabstractsofbiomedicalpapers&familiarwiththegeneralstructuresofbiomedicalpapers–howtoread&writeUnderstandtheconceptsofSCIindexedjournalsandhowtochosejournalsforpapersubmission–howtowriteFamiliarwiththepeerreviewprocedureofSCIjournalsandhowtopublishpapersOutlineofthislectureAttheAbriefself-introductionLiangZhaohuiStudybackgroundMasterofMedicine,GuangzhouUniversityofChineseMedicine,2008MasterofPublicHealth(MPH),SunYat-senUniversityPhDcandidate,GuangzhouUniversityofChineseMedicine,since2010WorkingbackgroundAttendingphysician&associateresearcher,secondschoolofclinicmedicineEmail:liang_zhao_hui@163.comAbriefself-introductionLiangSCIpublicationsFuWB,LiangZH,ZhuXP,YuP,ZhangJF.Analysisontheeffectofacupunctureintreatingcervicalspondylosiswithdifferentsyndrometypes.ChinJIntegrMed2009Dec;15(6):426-30.IF=0.42LiangZH,YinDZ.PreventivetreatmentoftraditionalChinesemedicineasantistressandantiagingstrategy.RejuvenationRes2010Apr-Jun;13(2-3):248-52.IF=4.198LuCJ,LuoY,ZhouH,QinXL,ChenBJ,TangXC,DengH,LiangZH,OuAH.ApreliminarystudyonthemedicalexpenditureofChinesemedicineandintegrativemedicinetreatmentforinfluenzaa(H1N1)inthefeverclinics.ChinJIntegrMed2010Dec;16(6):493-7.IF=0.578LiangZ,ZhuX,YangX,FuW,LuA.Assessmentofatraditionalacupuncturetherapyforchronicneckpain:apilotrandomisedcontrolledstudy.ComplementTherMed2011Jan;19Suppl1:S26-32.IF=1.95WangXY,LiangZH,HuangHL,LiangWX.PrinciplesofethicsreviewontraditionalmedicineandthepracticeofinstitutereviewboardinChina.ChinJIntegrMed2011Aug;17(8):631-4.IF=0.578SCIpublicationsFuWB,LiangZSKIM,IDENTIFY&COLLECTBIOMEDICALPAPERSBYUSINGONLINERESOURCESection1SKIM,IDENTIFY&COLLECTBIOMEHowtotransmityourideafromChinesetoEnglishClarifyyourconceptswithacceptableEnglishtermsGoogletranslator,CNKItranslatorSearchthestandardtermbyusingPubMedMeSHDatabaseCombiningtheconceptintoasearchingstrategyandsearchingpapersinPubMedFiltertherawinformationwithLimitsandAdvancedSearchtoolsHowtotransmityourideafromGoogle翻译页面Google翻译页面CNKI翻译助手页面CNKI翻译助手页面WhatisPubMedPubMed是美国家医学图书馆(NLM)下属的国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)开发的文献数据检索系统PubMed是NCBIEntrez数个数据库查询系统下中的一个。PubMed提供免费的MEDLINE、PREMEDLINE与其他相关数据库接入服务，所包含的文献数据库记录超过1亿条。WhatisPubMedPubMed是美国家医学图书馆(WhatisMeSH《医学主题词表》(MedicalSubjectHeadings,简称MeSH)，是美国国立医学图书馆编制的权威性主题词表。它是一部规范化的可扩充的动态性叙词表。美国国立医学图书馆以它作为生物医学标引的依据，编制《医学索引》(IndexMedicus)及建立计算机文献联机检索系统MEDLINE数据库。目前，MeSH汇集约18,000多个医学主题词。《MeSH》在文献检索中的重要作用主要表现在两个方面：准确性（准确揭示文献内容的主题）和专指性。标引（对文献进行主题分析，从自然语言转换成规范化检索语言的过程）人员将信息输入检索系统以及检索者(用户)利用系统内信息情报这两个过程中，以主题词作为标准用语，使标引和检索之间用语一致，达到最佳检索效果。

WhatisMeSH《医学主题词表》(MedicalSWhatisSCISCI（科学引文索引）、EI（工程索引）、ISTP（科技会议录索引）

并称世界三大科技文献检索系统，国际公认的进行科学统计与科学评价的主要检索工具,其中以SCI最为重要。《科学引文索引》(ScienceCitationIndex，SCI)是由美国科学信息研究所(ISI)1961年创办出版的引文数据库，收录范围是当年国际上的重要期刊,以生命科学及医学、化学、物理所占比例最大,在学术界占有重要地位。许多国家和地区均以被SCI收录及引证的论文情况来作为评价学术水平的一个重要指标。从SCI的严格的选刊原则及严格的专家评审制度来看，它具有一定的客观性，较真实地反映了论文的水平和质量。根据SCI收录及被引证情况，可以从一个侧面反映学术水平的发展情况。特别是每年一次的SCI论文排名成了判断一个学校科研水平的一个十分重要的标准。目前被SCI收录的期刊有五千多种，其中生命科学1350种，临床医学990种WhatisSCISCI（科学引文索引）、EI（工程索引实例演示在PubMed数据库查找针灸治疗颈椎病近5年发表的文献确定英文检索词：颈椎病CervicalspondylosisNeckPain进行MeSH主题词检索：("NeckPain"[Mesh])AND("AcupunctureTherapy"[Mesh]OR"Acupuncture"[Mesh]OR"Acupuncture,Ear"[Mesh])实例演示在PubMed数据库查找针灸治疗颈椎病近5年发表的文使用Limits进行检索条件限定：Publishedinthelast5years、TypeofArticle：ClinicalTrial、Language:English、Species：Humans实例演示使用Limits进行检索条件限定：Publishedin通过快速阅读（skim）论文摘要，确定（identity）所需要的文献，生成并下载检索题录实例演示通过快速阅读（skim）论文摘要，确定（identity）所勾选所需要的文献记录，以MEDLINE题录格式保存到计算机，建议使用EndNote等文献管理软件进行管理实例演示勾选所需要的文献记录，以MEDLINE题录格式保存到计算机，实例演示实例演示SomecuestoreadEnglishpapersCurrentlythereismassiveliteratureresourceavailableonlineConventionalreadingisNOTsuitabletoonlinereadingorbibliographydevelopmentUsingvariousbiomedicalliteraturedatabaseandsearchingskillsareessentialforbiomedicalpaperreadingApplyingeffectivefilterscannarrowthereadingscopeandsavetime,butthefinaldecisionistomadebyhumanSomecuestoreadEnglishpapeProcedureofpaperreadingandidentifyingTitleAbstractAuthorsFulltextTitle:toidentifythekeyinformation,i.e.whatisstudied(object,problem,skill),whatkindofthestudy(clinical,laboratory,survey)Abstract:mostabstractsarehighlystructured,i.e.objective/background,methods,result/outcome,conclusion,inwhichobjectiveandconclusionshouldbefocusedAuthors:isthereanyfamousauthor?BigappleusuallyappearsinoutstandingpapersFulltext:fulltextreadingisonlyforthemostimportantpapers.E.g.itcontainsthestudyproceduresormethodsyouwanttoduplicate.TheabstractusuallyservesasoutlineofthepaperandcontainsthekeyinformationProcedureofpaperreadingandKEYPRINCIPLESOFWRITINGBIOMEDICALPAPERSSection2KEYPRINCIPLESOFWRITINGBIOMPaperabstractTheabstractshouldprovideanoverviewofthemainstoryandafewessentialdetails.Theabstractshouldbeclearbothtoreaderswhoreadthepaperandtoreaderswhodonotreadthepaper,i.e.mostreaderonlyreadabstractsinsteadofthefulltextAgoodabstractshouldbewellstructured,i.e.containingthetermswhenapplicable:Objectives,Design,Settings/Location,Subjects,Interventions,OutcomeMeasures,Results,andConclusions.PaperabstractTheabstractshoSomecuesforabstractwritingAbstractcanbeginwithaninfinitivephrase:to

test…,tojustify,toevaluate,toexploreAppropriateuseoftenseusepresenttenseforquestion,answer,methoddescription,usepasttense/presentperfecttenseforprocedureandresultdescriptionThestatementoffactscanusepassive/activevoiceSubjunctivemoodandcautiousverbsareNOTrecommendedinscientificstatementSomecuesforabstractwriting实例演示OBJECTIVE:Thisstudyisaimedtoassesstheefficacyoftraditionalacupunctureforchronicneckpaininpatientsbycomparingthedifferencesinsymptoms,dysfunctionsandqualityoflife.METHODS:Thestudyusedatwo-arm,single-blinded,randomisedcontrolleddesign.Thepatientswererandomisedtothestudygroupandcontrolgroup,whorespectivelyreceivedtraditionalacupunctureandplacebotreatment.TheNorthwickParkNeckPainQuestionnaire(NPQ),visualanaloguescale(VAS),ShortForm(36)HealthSurvey(SF-36)anddoctor'sjudgementwereappliedformeasuringeffectiveness.Thepatients'effectivenessoutcomewasassessed,respectively,beforetheintervention,immediatelyaftertheintervention,attheendofthefirstmonthoffollow-upandattheendofthethirdmonthoffollow-up.ThestatisticalanalysiswasdoneonStatisticalPackageforSocialSciences(SPSS)v13,whichincludedcomparisonofdemographicandclinicalhomogeneity,therepeatedmeasuresapproachbasedonthegenerallinearmodel(GLM)foreffectivenessassessmentandthesumranktestfordoctors'subjectiveefficacyjudgement.实例演示OBJECTIVE:Thisstudyisa实例演示RESULTS:Totally,190patientswererecruitedand178patients(88inthestudygroupand90inthecontrolgroup)completedtheinterventionandfollow-upassessment.ThescoresofNPQ,VASandSF-36wereimprovedaftertheinterventionandduringfollow-up(P<0.01vs.beforetheintervention).ThepatientsinthestudygrouphadbettereffectivenessoutcomeinNPQ,VASandintheVT,SFandMHdomainsofSF-36(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Traditionalacupuncturecanrelievepainintensityandimprovethequalityofdailylifewitharelativelong-termclinicalefficacyinpatientswithchronicneckpain.实例演示RESULTS:Totally,190patiAfreestyleabstractPremedicalinterventionbeforediseasesisoneoftheprincipalpracticesintraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)fortacklinghealthproblemsanddiseases.-BackgroundThispaperexplainsthepreventivetreatmentprincipleinTCMregardingthesubhealthconditionfollowingstr