成人高考(专升本)英语

成人高考(专升本)英语成人高考(专升本)英语语音部分的考试要求1.要求考生从所给的四个单词的画线部分中选出一个与其他三个读音不同的选项。2.语音部分主要考核的是：元音字母在单词中的读音；辅音字母在单词中的读音；常见字母组合的读音；以及r音节的读音。复习考试大纲要求掌握下列语音规则，读音基本正确1、元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节和r音节中的读音；2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音；3、辅音字母在单词中的读音；4、常见字母组合的读音。第一节概念一、开音节以发音的元音字母结尾、以"元音字母+不发音的e"结尾、以"一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e"结尾的音节都叫开音节。如：no,be,note。★发音的元音字母：a,e,i,o,u二、闭音节以"一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)"结尾的音节叫闭音节。如：map,plan,west。

三、r音节以"元音字母+r"构成的音节叫r音节。如：car,doctor,teacher,dirty,词汇与语法40个小题，共40分。从2002，2003年的考题看，语法占20――25分。第一节名词（null）大纲要求掌握：一、可数名词与不可数名词二、可数名词的复数形式三、名词的所有格四、名词在句子中的作用一、可数名词与不可数名词名词分可数与不可数两种。可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table,country。或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如family,people,committee,police。不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air,tea,furniture,water。或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work,information,advice,happiness。有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。如room房间（可数），空间（不可数）time时间（不可数），次数（可数）fish鱼（不可数），各种各样的鱼（可数）比较下列例句:Therearenineroomsinthehouse.（房间，可数名词）Thereisn'tenoughroomforusthreeinthecar.（空间，不可数名词）不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。如：一块肉apieceofmeat两条长面包twoloavesofbread三件家具threearticlesoffurniture一大笔钱alargesumofmoney二、可数名词的复数形式可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下：1．一般情况下在名词后加-s。如：girls,books。★浊辅音、元音结尾，s发[z]2．以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如：glasses,boxes,matches,bushes。★以s,x,ch,sh结尾,es发[iz]3．"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。如：city-cities,country-countries。4．以o结尾的词多数加-es。如：heroes,tomatoes,potatoes。radios,zoos,photos,pianos,kilos例外。

5．f,fe结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es。如：thief-thieves,leaf-leaves,half-halves,life-lives,wife-wives,knife-knives。少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如：man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice。★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses,Japanese,sheep,deer。三、名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系，起形容词的作用。当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加's。如：Jean'sroom,mydaughter-in-law'sfriends,mydaughters-in-law'sfriends,children'sbooks。如果名词已经有了复数词尾s,则只需加'。如：theteachers'books,myparents'car。时间名词的所有格在后面加's，复数加'。如：today'snewspaper,fiveminutes'walk。当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由"of"短语构成。如：thetopoftheworld,thecoverofthebook,China'scapital。加's或'的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。如：thegrocer's,thetailor's,theSmith's。★名词所有格考试常见部分是名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加's。时间名词所有格在其后加's，或复数名词后直接加'。四、名词在句子中的作用名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语，有时可以作状语。名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。1．主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。AllroadsleadtoRome.（条条大路通罗马。）Hisbrotherisanindustrialengineer.Thenumberofthestudentsattendingthepartyisincreasing.★thenumberof表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。Two-thirdsoftheshopbelongstome.★two-thirds三分之二几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。belongto属于某人BothofusarestudyingEnglish.★总结：在名词作主语时，thenumberof谓语动词单数形式；几分之几，谓语单数形式；both谓语使用复数形式。2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。Allthemoneyhereceivedwasgiventohismother.Forgettingthepastmeansbetrayal.Whatwearetalkingnowisuseless.3．主语部分若有aswellas,with,togetherwith,like,but,except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。Mary,aswellashertwosisters,isastudentofthisschool.（aswellashertwosisters作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语Mary是单数，所以谓语动词用复数形式）Nooneexceptmyfriendsknowsanythingaboutit.4．表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。"…+(×)…=…"算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。Threetimestwoissix.Threekilometersis3,ooometres.(threekilometers作为整体来看）5．Either,neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。NeitherofushasbeentoItaly.HaseitherofthembeentoShanghai?none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。Noneofthestudentshave/hasseenthefilm.Noneofthemoneybelongstome.6．主语由either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamwrong.NeithermyauntnorIamgoingoutthisafternoon.Eitheryouorsheistodothework.7．主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。Thebreadandbutterisnice.8．主语前有manya,morethanone修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。Manyabookhasbeenreadbythestudents.★manyabook=manybooks

MorethanonepersonhasbeentotheGreatWall.9．集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。Thecommitteemeetsonceayear.(作为整体）Thecommitteearehavingameetingnow.（作为独立个体）People,police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thepolicehavecometoarresthim.名词部分考试重点1、可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几个词是不可数名词。2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's,复数加'。4、名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的9点。考点测试1．Tendays______longenoughforMr.Cartertofinishhisdesign.Hedoesn'tneedanymore.A.isB.hasbeenC.wasD.hadbeentendays作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。（注意时态）答案A2.Now,manypeopleusethewordMsinsteadofMissorMrs,forexample,beforethenamesof______inbusinessletters.A.womanmanagerB.womenmanagerC.womanmanagersD.womenmanagersnames是复数形式，其后的名词肯定是复数。两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。答案D3.Thenumberofstudentswhofailedthechemistryexamination_____tofifteen.A.haveincreasedB.hasincreasedC.isincreasedD.areincreasingthenumberof谓语动词用单数。答案B4.NeitherJohnnorhisfather_______abletowakeupearlyenoughtocatchthemorningtrain.A.wasB.wereC.wouldbeD.havebeenneither...nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。答案A5.Theroomiseight_______long.A.footB.footsC.feetD.feetsfoot英尺，复数形式feet答案C6.Whenautumncomes,the______oftreesbegintofall.A.leafsB.leafesC.leavesD.leafleaf的复数形式leaves答案C7.Thefloodhasdone_____tothisarea.A.damagesB.manydamagesC.muchdamageD.damaging8.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher______atthemeeting.A.waspresentB.werepresentC.havebeenpresentedD.hasbeenpresentednotonly...butalso谓语动词与相邻名词一致。present呈现，介绍答案A9.Oneofthethingsshewroteabout______lifeonasmallfarmatthebeginningofthecentury.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereoneof谓语用单数。答案B10.Onlyaboutoneoutoftwelveoftheyoungmenandwomenofthiscountry_____collegeeducation.A.receiveB.receivesC.havereceivedD.havebeenreceivedoneoutof谓语用单数形式。答案B11.Neverbefore______somanypeoplebeenengagedinproducinggoodsjustforthecomfortofman.A.hasB.haveC.willD.wouldneverbefore开头，句子倒装。主语somanypeople为复数。engageindoingsth.忙于做某事。答案B12.Atthebusstop_______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytoNorthCarolina.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sitsandwaits主语asoldierandtwoyoungpeople为复数答案A13.There______thelastpieceofcakeandthelastspoonfuloficecream.A.goesB.goC.goneD.wasgone主语thelastpieceofcakeandthelastspoonfuloficecream复数答案B14.Mr.Brown,andnotI,________chosentobetherepresentativeoftheclass.A.isB.amC.areD.havebeen主语Mr.Brown答案A15.Theteacher,aswellasanumberofstudents,_______toattendtheparty.A.askB.asksC.wasaskedD.wereasked谓语动词与aswellas前面的名词一致。答案C16.Thehostesstogetherwiththeguestsofhonor________comfortablyinthelivingroom.A.wasseatedB.seatedC.wereseatedD.wereseating谓语与togetherwith前的名词一致beseated就坐Pleasebeseatedladiesandgentlmen.Seattheboynexttohisbrother.答案A17.Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,_______responsiblefortheaccident.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.has主语thefather，单数beresponsiblefor对……负责答案A18.EitherCarolorGrace______totheconcert,butoneofthemhastostayhome.A.iscomingB.arecomingC.willcomingD.havecomeeither...or谓语动词与临近主语一致。答案A19.Thetotalamountofmoney______100dollars.A.isB.areC.hasD.havemoney不可数名词，谓语动词单数。答案A20.Greatquantitiesoffish_____onhighseas.A.iscaughtB.arecaughtC.catchD.iscatchingquantities复数形式答案B21.Eitheroftheyoungladies_____perfectlyqualifiedtoteachGreekandLatin.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveeither打头，谓语动词单数。答案A22.Havingstudiedyourreportcarefully,Iamconvincedthatneitherofyoursolutions_____correct.A.areB.isC.hadD.willneither两者都不，谓语动词单数。答案B23.Insomecountrieseachofthecitizens______todecidegovernmentpolicies.A.helpsB.helpC.arehelpedD.ishelpedeach每一个，谓语动词单数。答案A24.Thenurseadded_____tothemedcinetomaketheeaseforthechildtotake.A.somesugarB.somesugarsC.asugarD.sugarssuger不可数名词答案Atakemedcine吃药25."Ilikeyourfurnitureverymuch.""Thankyou.Webought____inBeijing."A.themostofthemB.themostofitC.mostofthemD.mostofitfurniture不可数名词答案D26.Jimwasupsetlastnightbecausehehadtodotoo______.A.manyhomeworkB.afewhomeworksC.fewhomeworksD.muchhomeworkhomework不可数名词答案D27.I'mgoingawayfora______.A.holidayofaweekB.weekholidayC.holidayweekD.week'sholiday表示时间的名词所有格可以在其后加's。答案D第二节冠词（1-4~2-2）大纲要求：1、不定冠词的基本用法2、定冠词的基本用法3、不加冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法冠词是一种虚词，只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为定冠词（the）和不冠词（a或an）两类，定冠词表示特指，不定冠词表示泛指。a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面，an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。如：auniversity,ausefulbook,anumbrella,ahorse,anhonestman。一、不定冠词的基本用法1．表示"一"的含义。Givemeapenplease.Wegoshoppingtwiceaweek.

2．泛指某个人或东西。YesterdaywevisitedanEnglishsecondaryschool.Shepickedupamagazineandbegantoread.

3．表示一类人或东西。Heworksasalanguageteacherinthatuniversity.Asawriter,heissuccessful.Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.可数名词单数出现，泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。二、定冠词的基本用法1．表示特定的人或东西。Givemethemagazine.Haveyoudecidedonthepricesyet?ThebookonthetableisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.

2．复述前文提到的人或东西。Lastweek,Isawaflim.Thefilmisaboutalovestorybetweentwomiddle-agedpeople.Theoldmansawahouseinthefield.Hewentintothehouseandfoundabeautifulgirlsittingthereandsinging.3．用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。thepoor穷人therich富人thewounded受伤的人thesick生病的人thebeautiful美丽的事物theold老年人theyoung年青人4．用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。themoon,thesun,theearthThemoonmovesaroudtheearth.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.Don'tbuildcastlesintheair.5．用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级前面的the可以省略。Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Thesunrisesintheeast.JapanliestotheeastofChina.BeijingliesinthenorthofChina.IrelandliesontheGreatBritain.AttheChildren'sPalace,somechildrenlearntoplaythepiano,otherslearntoplaytheviolin.Lastweekwewenttothetheatre.AmongthethreegirlsshespeaksEnglishthebest."东、南、西、北"作副词时，前面不加冠词。Wearewalkingsouth.形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。Mondayismybusiestday.6．用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。TheLiushavemovedtoGuangzhou.TheSimthscametoChinaforvisitin1996.

7．不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表示特定部分、特定内容时，前面需加定冠词。Drinksomewater.Isthewaterinthewellfitfordrink?Whatdoyouthinkofthemusic?Hecan'ttaketheadvicehismothergiveshim.三、不加冠词的基本规则1．季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。Ifwintercomescanspringbefarbehind?WehavefewclassesonSunday.10.1isNationalDay.2．表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词，但乐器前需加定冠词。Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?Dinnerisready.Let'sgoandwatchthemplaychess.Myelderbrotherlikestoplayfootball.Theboysarelearnigtoplaytheguitar.playthepianoplaytheviolin3．有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。atnoonatnightatdawnatmidnightinthemorningintheafternoonintheeveninginthedaytimeintowninfrontof(atthebackof)atdistance(inthedistance)asawholeonthewholetocatchcoldtohaveacold冠词考试重点冠词所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。1、什么时候加定冠词。2、可数名词单数出现，必须用a或an或定冠词修饰，不能单独出现。3、什么情况下，不用加冠词。冠词易考：1、冠词修饰名词。Pleasego_____upstairsafteryouhavefinishedthelunch.upstairs是副词，前面不需要加冠词。2、可数名词单数泛指，前面加不定冠词。an用于读音以元音开头的单词前。ReadingEnglishstorybooksisagoodwayofimprovingyourEnglish.Ihavebeenwaitingforhimforhalfanhour.3、名词特指时，前面加定冠词。HeisenjoyinghisstayinDenmark,buthassomedifficultywiththelanguage.Isthewaterfromthetapfitfordrink?4、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指，前面不加冠词；大部分专有名词前也不加冠词。Asweknow,themostdangerousenemiesarethosewhopretendtobefriends.Theyleftforworkaftersupper.ThefilmincludessomerecentlydiscoverednewsreelsofWorldWarII.(theSencondWorldWar)5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。WithoutanynewsfromTomforalongtime,hisfatherleftforShanghaitoseehim.Theywilltravelbyair.Iwillhelpyouforthesakeofyoursister.(forthesakeof因为）Iwillgotoschoolonfoot.Mymotherisinhospital.Hehasbeeninprisonfortwoyears.典型例题1.______filmincludessomerecentlydiscoverednewsreelsof_______WorldWarII.A.The;theB.A;theC.The;/D.A;/WorldWarII是专有名词答案：C2.Canyouplay_____?A.pianoB.pianosC.apianoD.thepiano答案：D3."You'vebeenverybusylately.""SobusyIhaven'thadtimetocleanmyhouse.Thereis_____whereveryoulook."A.dustB.adustC.thedustD.dustsdust是不可数名词答案：A4.Thestation?Takethesecondturning_______.A.toleftthengostraightonB.ontheleft,thengostraightonC.toleft,thengorightforwardD.totheleft,thengorightforwardontheleft在左边答案：B5.Mymotherusuallyhas_____bed.A.thebreakfastB.breakfastinC.thebreakfastintheD.breakfastintheinbed躺在床上答案：Binthebed在床里面6.Hestolethemoneyandtheyputhim_________.A.atprisonB.attheprisonC.inprisonD.intheprisoninprison进监狱答案：C7.EvenonSundays,fewerpeoplegoto______churchthanbefore.A.theB.aC./D.thatgotochurch去教堂gotoschool去学校gotobed上床睡觉gotocollege去大学答案：C8._________lookmuchalike.A.Smith'ssistersB.SmithsistersC.TwoSmithsistersD.TheSmithsisters表示一家人，前面加the答案D第三节代词（2-2~3-3）包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。一、人称代词人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分，在句子中可以作主语和宾语。英语中有下列人称代词：在并列的主语或宾语中，I或me通常放在后面。如：LipingandIareinchargeofthework.Myfartherasksmysisterandmetohavedinnerwithhimtomorrow.二、物主代词物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语，名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语（接在of后面）。英语中有下列物主代词：名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如：Mybagisyellow,his(hisbag)isblackandtheirs(theirbags)arebrown.三、反身代词英语中有下列反身代词：反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如：Pleasehelpyourselftosometea.(宾语)Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.(宾语)I'llbemyselfagaininnotime.(表语)Thedeskitselfisnotsoheavy.(同位语)Ifixedthedoormyself.(同位语)四、指示代词指示代词包括this,that,these,those和such,在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等（such不作宾语）。that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用theone或thatone来代替。用theone的时候更多一些。如：Thesemachinesarebetterthanthoseweturnedoutlastyear.生产Theoiloutputofthisyearismuchhigherthanthatoflastyear.产量ThebestwineisthatfromFrance.Myroomislighterthantheonenextdoor.I'lltaketheseatnexttotheonebythewindow.Thefilmismorefunnythanthatone.that可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。如：Theyhavenotimetoreadthebooks.That'stheirtrouble.Shewasillyesterday.That'swhyshewasabsent.Iwanttoknowthis:Howmuchmoneywehaveleft?WhatIwanttosayisthis:PronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.this和that有时还可以用来表示程度。如：Idon'twantthatmuch.Heisnotthatwise.Thebookisaboutthisthick.五.疑问代词疑问代词包括what,which,who,whom,whose,可以用来构成特殊疑问句，也可以引导名词从句。What,which,who在句子中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。如：Whoisspeaking?(主语)Whichdoyouprefer,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?(宾语)What'syoursister?(表语)Themanwhoistalkingwithmymotherisanengineer.(引导定从句)Theoldmanwhosesonisstudyingabroadisourformaldeanofthedepartment.(引导定从句)ThisistheplanewhichwillflytoWuhanthisafternoon.(引导定从句)Idon'trememberwhomIhavelentmydictionaryto.(引导宾语从句)疑问代词what,which,who,whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如：Whoevercanbecallingatthistimeofthenight?谁这么深更半夜来找人？I'llsaywhatevercomesintomyhead.Takewhicheverbookyoulike.六.不定代词不定代词包括both,either,neither,all,none,no,one,each,every,few,afew,little,alittle,many,much,some,any,other,another,以及some,any,no,every构成的合成代词。（一）both,either,neitherboth表示"两者（都）"，either表示"（两者之中）任何一个"，neither表示"（两者之中）没有一个"。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语，both还可以作同位语。Mysisterisgoodatplanninghertimesothatshealwayshasenoughtimeforbothworkandplay.(begoodat擅长做某事)Neitheroftheanswersisright.Eitherofthebooksbelongstoyou.YouandIarebothtoblame.Youbothagreedtostay.Both放在实意动词前，系动词be的后面。（二）all,none,no,oneall和none用于三者以上的场合，分别表示"全部都"和"一个都没有"，none往往与of连用。Allofusarefondofsports.(befondof爱好)Weareallforhim.(beforsb支持某人)Graspall,loseall.什么都抓，什么都抓不住。（谚）Noneofthemknowhowtoreadandwrite.Afriendtoallisafriendtonone.滥交者无友。（谚）Noneofusareperfect.Noneofthemhashadthatkindofexperience.no表示"没有"，在句子中只能作定语，相当于nota或notany，not否定动词，no否定名词。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不等人。（谚）Nomanisbornwise.没有人是生来聪明的。（谚）I'mnodancer.(I'mnotadancer.)one指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠词，可以有自己的定语，还可以有复数形式。Youranswerisagoodone.Idon'tlikecolouredenvelopes.Ilikewhiteones.Ihaven'tgotaraincoat.I'llhavetobuyone.

（三）each,everyeach和every表示"每一个"，every在句子中只能作定语，each可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。Theheadmastershookhandswitheachoftheteacher.(shakehandswith握手)Thestudentstrytosetasidealittlemoneyeachmonth.(setaside节约)Fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohisneeds(work).各尽所能，按需分配。Ihaveeveryreasontobelievethatshecanfinishthejobwell.Thereiseverypossibilityofourwinningthegame.every还常用在everylittlewhile(每隔一会)，everyotherday,everythreedays（每隔两天），everytenmiles(每隔十英里),everynowandthen(不时)，everyfouryears,everyotherline,oneoutofeverythreestudents.

（四）few,afew,little,alittle,many,muchfew,afew,many修饰或指代可数名词，little,alittle,much修饰或指代不可数名词。few,little表示否定，afew,alittle表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多好办事。（谚）Fewwordsarebest.话少最好。（谚）Theydon’ttakemuchinterestinit.Iknowlittleaboutit.There’salittlewaterleftinthejar.FewofthemhavebeentoIndia.I’vereadafewbookswrittenbyDickens.（五）other,theother,others,theothers,another泛指特指充当名词单数充当名词复数充当形容词other√√theother√√（表示两者当中的另外一个）√others√√theothers√√another√√√Fortypeoplecametothemeeting.TwoofthemwerefromJapan,theothersfromAmerica.Manypeoplecametoattendthemeeting.SomewerefromJapan,otherswerefromAmerica.TheUnitedStates,unlikemanyothercountries,receivesalargenumberofimmigrantseveryyearfromallovertheworld.Thetwinsistersaresoalikethatwefinditdifficulttotellonefromtheother.(so……that如此以至于tellsb.from区分)Somestudentsarewateringtheflowers,othersareweedingthefields.Thetaskwillbefinishedinanotherthreedays.Fourofthemareintheclassroom.Whatabouttheothers?Pleasegivemeanotherexampletoillustrateyourpoint.Therearethreeapplesonthetable.Oneisformymother,anotherisformyfatherandthethirdisforme.七、it的用法1.指代一个人或事物。It'sonlyafifteen-minuteridetomyschool.ItoftenrainsinthesouthofChina."Who'sthat?""It'sLiming."It'searlyspring.2．作句子的形式主语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。Ittookmefiveminutestofinishreadingtheexercise.Itcostmefiveyuantobuythepen.ThecolorTVsetcostsmemorethan2,000yuan.Ispenttenhoursinfinishingthework.Ispenttwentyyuanontheshirt.Itisnousecryingnow.You'dbetterstudyhardnow.(itisnousedoingsth.)Tohissurprise,itturnedoutthatTomfailedtheentranceexamination.(toone'ssurprise使某人感到惊奇)It'sapitythatyoudidn'twatchthematch.Itisnecessaryforustohavesomeexerciseeveryday.3．作句子的形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。Theyallregardittheirdutytohelpthepoorpeople.Idon'tthinkitworthwhiletakingsomuchtrouble.(It'sworthwhiledoing.做……事是值得的)WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwithoutpracticing.Ithinkitnousetellingthem.Idon'tthinkitveryimportantthatweshouldtakepartinthediscussion.(takepartin参加)Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.4．构成强调句型。当强调的部分是主语，并且主语是人时，句型中的that也可以换作who。强调句基本构成itisthat…Itisintheroomthatwemeteachotherforthefirsttime.Itwasnotuntil1936thatbasketballbecameapartoftheOlympicGames.(notuntil直到……才)Itwastheywhoattendedthemeetinglastweek.ItisbecausethebookissousefulformyworkthatIboughtit.考试重点that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用theone或thatone来代替。that可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。不定代词中，both放在实意动词前，系动词be的后面。every只能跟名词，each可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。every在代词部分要出现当每隔……讲。few,afew,many修饰或指代可数名词，little,alittle,much修饰或指代不可数名词。few,little表示否定。onetheother，someothers，theothersit用法重点就是强调句。it作为形式宾语时不接is。代词部分的难点之一是名词型物主代词与形容词型物主代词的区别。顾名思义，形容词型物主代词起的是形容词的作用，在句子中只能作定语，名词型物主代词起的是名词的作用，代替上文出现的名词，在句子中一般作主语、宾语、表语等。Let'scleantheirroomfirstand______later.A.ourB.usC.weD.ours(答案为D，ours相当于ourroom。)代词部分的主要考核点是不定代词。如some,any,few,afew,little,alittle,many,much,one,none,all,both,either,neither,each,every,other,another,以及some,any,no,every与body,one,thing构成的合成代词。（1）泛指与特指。如：another,other,others是泛指，theother,theothers是特指。（2）肯定与否定。如：afew,alittle,either,some及其合成代词表示肯定，few,little,none,neither,any及其合成代词表示否定。（3）可数与不可数。如：few,afew,many,one修饰或指代可数名词，little,alittle,much修饰或指代不可数名词。代词部分的另一个考核点是it。it可以代替上文出现的单数事物。Thepicturewaschangedwhiledrawnfrommemoryasitpassedthroughtheclass.(it指代thepicture。)ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事Ittakeshalfanhourorsotowalktothebusstop.Hemadeitplainthathewasannoyedwithme.it还可以构成强调句型，即"Itis/was+被强调的部分+that…"。当强调的部分是人，并且是主语时，that可以换成who。强调句去掉itis/was与that即成为普通的句子。ItwaslastnightthatIsawyouintherestaurant.Itwasshewho/thatsuggestedthathegotoNewYorkinordertogetadirectflight.典型例题1."Howoftendoyoutakethemedicine?""______fourhours."A.ForB.AnyC.EveryD.Each答案C2."Isthisbikeyours?""No,it's______."A.BobB.BobsC.Bob'sD.Bobs'答案C3."Isthere______goodonTVthisevening?""Sorry,nothinggood."A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything肯定句中用something，否定句和疑问句中用anything。答案C4.Youhaveagoodsuggestion,butit'snotaspracticalas_______.A.heB.himC.hisD.her答案C5.Achemistprepareshisexperimentscarefullybeforetryingtocarry_____inhislab.A.itoutB.outitC.themoutD.outthemcarryout实施宾格放在词组中间，名词放在词组后面。如，carryouthisexperiments答案C6.Nowadays_____seemstoenjoylookingatfatgirls.Thatiswhymanycompanieshavedevelopedspecialfoodstohelppeopletoslim(苗条).A.everyoneB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nooneenjoydoingsth.anybody在疑问句和否定句中指没有人，在肯定句中指任何人。答案D7.Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuyeggsbecausethere'shardly_____left.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everythinghardly否定词，几乎不的意思。答案A8.Hefeltbadbecausehehaddrunktoo_____thenightbefore.A.manyB.muchC.fewD.little本题主要考查可数名词和不可数名词。drinktoomuch喝多了toomuchwine太多的酒答案B9.Shepromisedherparentstowrite_______whileshewasaway.A.otherdayB.anotherdayC.everyotherdayD.anyotherdayeveryother每隔……答案C10.Itwasterrible.Onepassengerwaskilled,and_____wasbadlyhurt.A.theothersB.restC.therestD.theotherheothers后面谓语动词接复数。答案D

11.Somepeoplehopetobemoresuccessfulwhile_____simplywanttofeelmorecomfortable.A.theothersB.othersC.theotherD.anothersomeotherscomfortable舒适的答案B12.IfanyonehappenstocallwhileIamoutoftheoffice,pleasehave________leaveamessageforme.A.heB.himC.theyD.themhavesb.dosth.让某人做某事答案B13.Thefirstthingthatmybrotherand_______didintheearlymorningwastogoouttoseethepony.A.IB.meC.mineD.mypony小马主语firstthing，谓语动词wastogoouttosee，宾语thepony。答案A14."I'dlikesomemorebananas.""I'msorry,thereis_______left."A.noB.someC.fewD.none答案D15.Therearetwowindowsinthisbedroom._______ofthemfacesouth,overlookingabeautifulpark.A.BothB.OneC.ThetwoD.Eithereither开头谓语动词要接单数，both谓语动词用复数。答案A16.Thejacketdoesn'tfitTerry,ashehas_______hugebodyandthejacketis_____small.A.sucha;suchB.sucha;soC.so;soD.so;suchasuch修饰名词，so修饰形容词。sohugethebody答案B17."Whyareyousmiling?""Oh,I'vejustthoughtof_________."A.funnysomethingB.somethingfunnyC.nothingfunnyD.funnyanything形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面。不定代词：something，anything，somebody，anybody，nothing，nobody。答案B18.Youngbabiescanuse_________handequallywell.A.eitherB.eachC.bothD.every强调两者之中任何一个答案A19._______roadoutoftownisgood,butthisoneisbetterthantheother.A.BothB.AllC.NoneD.Neither答案D20."Ifeltabithungry.""Whydon'tyouhave______bread?"A.anyB.someC.littleD.apiece习语Whydon'tyouhavesome……答案B21.Itwasatthemusichall_______wemeteachotherforthefirsttime.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that强调句答案D22.Moderntechnologyhasmade______possibleforthewholeworldtobecloserthaneverbefore.A.thisB.thatC.itDit'sitispossible……是可能的答案C23.Itisduringhissparetime_______JohnhasbeenstudyingacourseinFrench.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatitis……强调句答案B24."HaveyouheardthenewsaboutTom?""No,what_______?"A.wasitB.weretheyC.aretheyD.isitnews当消息讲是不可数名词答案D25.Iwonderwhy________possibleforyoutodotheworkby