william-Blake威廉-布莱克(课堂)课件

WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克

(1757-1827)1WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克

LifeExperienceLiteraryCreationsLiteraryPosition2LifeExperienceLiteraryCreati

LifeExperience1779,astudentattheRoyalAcademy1783,hisfirstcollectionofpoemsPoeticalSketches

wasprinted

1782,hemarriedtheilliterateCatherineandtaughthertoread,writeandengrave14-20anapprenticetoanengraver21aprofessionalengraverHewaseducatedathomeuntil10TextinhereamemorialofhimwasatthePoetsCornerinWestminsterAbbey3LifeExperience177

hallucination:幻觉eg.atreefullofangels从童年时代起，布莱克就充满了丰富的想像力，并且时常经历幻想。他说他曾看见过缀满天使的大树，曾见到过安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂中的古圣先贤，并给他们画过画像。他把自己所看到的一切用绘画和诗歌表现出来。他的画大多是经过深思熟虑后的变形人体或表现他幻觉中所见到的人物。布莱克一生都没有得到官方或公众的赏识。在当时人们的眼中，它是个反理性主义者、梦幻家和神秘主义者，一个远离尘世的人和偏执狂。他的作品没有受到重视。直到十九、二十世纪之交，叶芝等人重编了他的诗集，人们才惊讶于他的纯真与深刻。接着是他的书信和笔记的发表，他的神启式的画也逐渐普及，于是诗人与画家布莱克的地位才确立无疑。4hallucination:幻觉4Blake’spoliticalviewsBlakewasarebel.Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'cruelexploitation,sayingthatthe"darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed,killedchildrenandforcedprostitution."HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.5Blake’spoliticalviewsBlake1.PoemsPoeticalSketches《诗歌素描》hisfirstcollectionofpoemsSongsofInnocence(1789)《天真之歌》SongsofExperience(1794)《经验之歌》LiteraryCreations61.PoemsLiteraryCreations6PoeticalSketches12-20岁之间写作的诗。尝试写作莎士比亚的无韵诗以及民谣形式的诗和抒情诗。有对诗坛充斥的娇柔造作表示毫无偏见的叹息，也有对统治地位的理性法则充满轻视，还有赞同伊丽莎白时期清新的诗歌。Acollectionoflyricalpoems,whicharehighlymusical.Blake'sdistinctivethemesofloveandjealousy,togetherwithveryearlyversionsofsomeofhismythologicalfigures,canbeglimpsedinthedelicatelyconstructedsongs.7PoeticalSketches12-20岁之间写作的诗。SongsofInnocence

IntheintroductionofSongsofInnocence,thepoetcompareshimselftoalaughingchilduponacloud.

SongsofInnocencecontainspoemsinwhichwecanseepicturesofmerrynatureandinnocentchildren.Usingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheart.

8SongsofInnocenceInthealaughingchilduponacloud9alaughing

Intheintroductionof

SongsofExperience,thepoetbecomes“thelapsed流失的Soulweepingintheeveningdew”.InSongsofExperienceBlakedrewpicturesofneedinessanddistressandshowedthesufferingsofthepoor.10IntheintroductionofSSomebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《经验之歌》中最著名的一些诗篇TheLittleBlackBoy《黑小孩》TheChimneySweeper《扫烟囱的孩子》TheLamb《羊羔》TheTiger《老虎》AhSunflower!《啊，向日葵！》London《伦敦》

11Somebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《TheTiger12TheTiger12AhSunflower！AhSunflower,wearyoftime,Whocountestthestepsofthesun;SeekingafterthatsweetgoldenclimeWherethetraveller'sjourneyisdone;WheretheYouthpinedawaywithdesire,Andthepalevirginshroudedinsnow,Arisefromtheirgraves,andaspireWheremySunflowerwishestogo!13AhSunflower！AhSunflower,wea《啊，向日葵》啊，向日葵！怀着对时间的厌倦整天数着太阳的脚步．它寻求甜蜜而金色的天边——倦旅的旅途在那儿结束；那儿，少年因渴望而憔悴早殇，苍白的处女盖着雪的尸布，都从他们坟中起来向往——向着我的向日葵要去的国度。（飞白译）14《啊，向日葵》啊，向日葵！怀着对时间的厌倦14AuguriesofInnocenceToseeaWorldinaGrainofSandAndaHeaveninaWildFlower,HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndEternityinanhour.15AuguriesofInnocenceToseea天真的预示一颗沙里看出一个世界，一朵野花里一座天堂，把无限放在你的手掌上，永恒在一刹那里收藏。梁宗岱译16天真的预示16扫烟囱孩子（一）

选自《天真之歌》（卞之琳译）

我母亲死的时候，我还小得很，我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人，我当时还不大喊得清“扫呀，扫，”我就扫你们烟囱，裹煤屑睡觉。有个小托姆，头发卷得像小羊头，剃光的时候，哭得好伤心，好难受，我就说：“小托姆，不要紧，光了脑袋，大起来煤屑就不会糟蹋你白头发。”17扫烟囱孩子（一）

选自《天真之歌》（卞之琳译）

17他就安安静静了，当天夜里，托姆睡着了，事情就来得稀奇，他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩阿猫阿狗全都给锁进了黑棺材。后来来了个天使，拿了把金钥匙，开棺材放出了孩子们（真是好天使！）他们就边跳，边笑，边跑过草坪，到河里洗了澡，太阳里晒得亮晶晶。18他就安安静静了，当天夜里，18光光的，白白的，把袋子都抛个一地，他们就升上了云端，在风里游戏；“只要你做个好孩子，”天使对托姆说，“上帝会做你的父亲，你永远快乐。”托姆就醒了；屋子里黑咕隆咚，我们就起来拿袋子、扫帚去做工。大清早尽管冷，托姆的心里可温暖；这叫做：各尽本分，就不怕灾难。19光光的，白白的，把袋子都抛个一地，19

TheChimneySweeper(II)

AlittleblackthingamongthesnowCrying‘weep,weep”innotesofwoe!“Wherearethyfather&mother?say?”“Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.”20TheChimneySweeper(II)Al“BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,Andsmil’damongthewinter’ssnow;Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.“AndbecauseIamhappy,&dance&sing,Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,AndaregonetopraiseGod&hisPriest&King,Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery”.21“BecauseIwashappyupontheProse:

TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂与地狱的联姻》

TheFrenchRevolution《法国大革命》179122Prose:

TheMarriageofHeavProse：TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂与地狱的联姻》--想象力的赞美诗

AproseworkisimportantforitsexpressionofBlake'sspiritofrevoltagainstoppression.Hemaintainslibertyagainstthelawofbourgeoissociety.

布莱克对当时所有的政府、道德以及宗教法规进行抨击批判。23Prose：TheMarriageofHeavenBlake’sEtchings(蚀刻画)Thelover’swhirlwindForDante’swork

ThegreatreddragonandthewomanclothedwithSunfortheBible24Blake’sEtchings(蚀刻画)TheloverTheGoodandtheBadAngels25TheGoodandtheBadAngels25WilliamBlake1757-1827ElohimcreatingAdam179526WilliamBlake1757-1827EloDanteandVergilTheDivineComedy27DanteandVergil27Blake’sliteraryachievements

1.Asymbolist,oramystic神秘主义者;manypoemsareobscureandcanbeinterpretedonlysymbolically.2.Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.(visualimages,imagination)3.Naturalsentiment怜悯之情andindividualoriginalityofhispoems.28Blake’sliteraryachievements4.图、文结合：诗中有画，画中有诗Mostofhisworksweredesignedandproducedasmultimedia,combiningverbalandvisualmodesofexpressionwithinnovativetechnologicalmethodsofengravingandprinting”.--StephenMarx2.“BlakeisconsiderednotonlyamajorEnglishwriterbutanimportantfigureinthehistoryofart艺术史上的重要人物.294.图、文结合：诗中有画，画中有诗29

Pre-romanticism

WhendidPre-romanticismappear?inthelatterhalfofthe18thcenturyWhatarethemainfeaturesofPre-romanticism?RomanticRevival;StrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicismClaimsofpassionandemotionRenewedinterestsinmedievalliterature30Pre-romanticismWhendidP

Pre-romanticismWhoaretherepresentatives?WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsWhat’sthesignificance?markedthedeclineofclassicismpavedthewayforthecomingofromanticisminEngland31Pre-romanticismWhoarether

AnalysisofLondonStructure1RhymeScheme2paraphrase&translation3theme432AnalysisoLondonIwanderthro’eachcharter’dstreet,Nearwherethecharter’dThamesdoesflow.AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness,marksofwoe.IneverycryofeveryMan,IneveryInfantscryoffear,Ineveryvoice:ineveryban,Themind-forg’dmanaclesIhear33LondonIwanderthro’eachcharHowtheChimney-sweeperscryEveryblack’ningChurchappalls,AndthehaplessSoldierssighRunsinblooddownPalacewallsButmostthro’midnightstreetsIhearHowtheyouthfulHarlotscurseBlaststhenew-bornInfantstearAndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse

34HowtheChimney-sweeperscry3I.StructureStanzas1-3:themiseriesofpeoplethatthepoetsawandheardindaytimeStanza4:themiseriesofpoeplethatthepoetsawandheardatnight35I.StructureStanzas1-3:theII.rhymeschemeTherhymeschemeofthispoemis:abab36II.rhymeschemeTherhymeschecharteredstreets37charteredstreets37charteredThames38charteredThames381.charter’d=chartered–monopolized被垄断了的；当时英国资本主义工商业已相当发达，许多大公司企业获得了专利权。伦敦大街及泰晤士河上航运均为大资本家控制2.theThames(River)泰晤士河；3.mark(s)–1)vt.notice/see注意/看到,2)n.signs/traces痕迹/迹象；4.weakness–fatigue,tiredness(physical);woe–(mentaloremotional)grief;5.themind-forg’dmanacles—(由)精神（铸造的）枷锁；manaclesmadebythemindIII.Paraphrase391.charter’d=chartered–monmanacles枷锁40manacles枷锁40chimney-sweepers41chimney-sweepers416.theChimney-sweeper–Inthe18thcenturysmallboys,sometimesnomorethan4or5yearsold,wereemployedtoclimbupthenarrowchimneysandcleaninside,collectingthesoot烟灰inbags.Suchboys,sometimessoldtothemastersweepersbytheirparentsowingtopoverty,weremiserablytreatedbytheirmastersandoftensuffereddiseaseandphysicalinjuries.426.theChimney-sweeper–Inthchurches43churches437.theChimney-sweeper'scryCry=Weep哭泣implyingsadness,sorrowandweepingtearsoftheboysCry=“Sweep”大喊“扫烟囱啰!”8.blackeningchurch:thechurchesturnedblackbecauseoftheburningofcoals."Black"impliedthattheclergymenarehypocriticalandcorrupted.9.thechurchappals:theclergymanappalsatthecryoftheboys(TheclergymanhiredtheboystocollectthesootarousedthedisgustofthepoetBlake)447.theChimney-sweeper'scry44

17101837BuckinghamPalaceofvariousagesnow4517101837Bu

FiveSensesofHumanBeingsSenseofhearing听觉Senseofsight视觉Senseoftaste味觉Senseofsmelling嗅觉Senseoftouch触觉46FiveSense

10.thehaplessSoldiersigh—theunluckysoldierwhowaswoundedorevencrippledinthewarfordefendingthestate/monarchbutnowisdesertedbythecountryandhastobegforhislivingoutsidethepalacesincehecannotfindanyjobasadisabledperson.11.runinblooddownthepalacewall:thesoldier'sbloodrunsdownthepalacewallSynesthesiaisusedinthesetwolines.通感,联觉themixtureuseofSenseofHearing（eg.sigh)听觉andSenseofSight(eg.blood)视觉4710.theha12.“Palacewalls":acontrast

inside–grandballs,luxuriousbanquets,etc.ofthecourt&theroyalfamilyoutside–thecrippledsoldiersaresufferingfromthebleedingwoundandhunger13.theyouthfulharlot—theyoungprostitute妓女14.

theyouthfulHarlotscurseblaststhenew-bornInfantstear:

theyoungprostitutescursethemenwhobroughtvenerealdiseasetothemandtheircursefrightensthenew-bornbabiesfromcrying.4848

15.thenew-borninfantstear:thenew-bornbabiescrybecauseofthediseasetheygetwhentheywereborn16.blights—damages/undermines17.plagues:thevenerealdiseasecausedbyprostitution(whoring)卖淫性病(如梅毒syphilis)病菌造成的胎儿先天性失明18.theMarriagehearse—turnedthemarriageintoafuneral,implyinganemotionaldeath:lovelessmarriagebasedonmoneyleadingtoextra-maritalsex

hearse:thevehicletocarrydeadpeople灵车4915.thene

19.ThedescriptionofthesethreekindsofpeopleisthecriticismofthethreemajorinstitutionsofEngland1)Thereligioussystem:

thehypocrisyoftheclergymeninthechurchesisexposedbythechimneysweeper’scry5019.Thede

2)thecrueltyofthestateisrevealedbythesoldier’ssuffering3)themarriagesystemiscriticizedasbasedonmoneyandbeinglovelessandasleadingtoextra-maritalsexwhichcouldincurv.d.512)thecruIII.《伦敦》（王佐良译）我走过每条独占的街道，

徘徊在独占的泰晤士河边，

我看见每个过往的行人,

有一张衰弱、痛苦的脸。

每个人的每声呼喊，

每个婴孩害怕的号叫，

每句话，每条禁令，

都响着心灵铸成的镣铐。52III.《伦敦》（王佐良译）我走过每条独占多少扫烟囱孩子的喊叫,

震惊了一座座熏黑的教堂，

不幸兵士的长叹,

化成鲜血流下了宫墙。

最怕是深夜的街头,

又听年轻妓女的诅咒！

它骇住了初生儿的眼泪，

又用瘟疫摧残了婚礼丧车。53多少扫烟囱孩子的喊叫,

震惊了一座座熏黑的教堂，

不幸兵士的IV.Theme

InthepoemLondonthewholepictureofthemiseriesintheEnglishcapitalisreflected.54IV.Theme54Q.1.1)coined–self-created;2)past-participlesusedasadjectives.3)ParadoxicalcombinationQ.2.thelinguisticfeatures:语言特征1)short,simplewords,e.g.every,cry,Ihear,etc.2)repetition,Therearealtogether3marks,3cries,2charter’d,6every,2how,and2hears3)past-participlesusedasadjectives.QuestionsforLondon

55Q.1.1)coined–self-created;Q.3.its“anvilmusic”打铁般的乐感1)byrepeatingshortsimplewordsorphrases,2)andbyusingregularstanzaformandtherhymescheme(abab)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Assignment:DescribeLondoninyourownwordsandwithyourimagination,basedontheinformationgiveninBlake’spoemLondon.QuestionsforLondon

56Q.3.its“anvilmusic”打铁般的乐感Q现实主义诗人杜甫的诗朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。荣枯咫尺异，惆怅难再述。57现实主义诗人杜甫的诗57IHeardanAngelSingingIheardanAngelsinging,Whenthedaywasspringing:"Mercy,Pity,PeaceIstheworld'srelease."ThushesangalldayOverthenew-mownhay,Tillthesunwentdown,Andhaycockslookedbrown.58IHeardanAngelSingingIhearIheardadevilcurse

Overtheheathandthefurze:

"Mercycouldbenomore

Iftherewasnobodypoor,

AndPitynomorecouldbe,

Ifallwereashappyaswe."

Athiscursethesunwentdown,

Andtheheavensgaveafrown.

Downpour'dtheheavyrain

Overthenewreap'dgrain;

AndMisery'sincrease

IsMercy,Pity,Peace.59Iheardadevilcurse

Overthe

Analysisofthepoem1paraphrase2theme3questions4rhymescheme&structure60Analysiso

Structure

Stanzas1-2:Theangel'ssinging.

Stanzas3-5:TheDevil'scurses.RhymeScheme:aabb61Structure

L.2springing–breaking/beginning;破晓singing,springing:alliteration押头韵L.4release–consolation/solace安慰;"Mercy,Pity,Peace"istheconsolationfromGodtothewholeworld.(PeopleaskconsolationfromGod)L4:pity,peace:alliteration押头韵

L.6thenew-mownhay–thenew-cuthay;L.8Andhaycockslookedbrown–干草垛在晚霞的余辉中呈棕色;II.Paraphrase62L.2springing–breaking/be

haycocksfurzeheathland63haycocksfuL.10theheath—theheathland/thewasteland;thefurze—金雀花丛(inScotland);L.16theheavens–God;(metonymy借代）gaveafrown—皱起眉头,asignofdispleasure;Q:Whyisgodangry?64L.10theheath—theheathland/L.17-18Rain:asymbolInChristiancontextoftensymbolizesGod’sgrace上帝的恩泽,buthere,thisheavydown-pour倾盆大雨seemstobeapunishment,forit’llsurelyruinthegrainwhichhasjustbeencut刚刚收割的庄稼(shouldbeputonthethreshingground打谷场）;Downpour‘dtheheavyrain/Overthenewreap’dgrain–Inversionisused.65L.17-18Rain:asymbol65L.19-20AndMiseries'increase/IsMercy,Pity,Peace–Andowingtotheincreaseofmiserycausedbythisnaturaldisaster(thedown-pour),thereisneedofmercy,pityandpeaceamongpeople.66L.19-20AndMiseries'increasIII.ThemeThepoetdepictsthepoeminamockingtonebutconveysaseriousmessage"ThereisnoneedforGod’smercy,pity,andpeace,ifthereisnoman-mademiseries".GodisexposedbycontrastingAngel’ssinging天使的歌功颂德andDevil’scurse/retort魔鬼的反驳.67III.ThemeThepoetdepictstheThepoemistreatedinamockingvein.嘲弄的口吻;Q.1.addtoQ.21)musical,rhythmic,inregularstanzaform–quatrain(四行的诗节):4-linestanza,rhymingaabb,2)mockingintone,butconveyingaseriousmessage–thereisnoneedforGod’smercy,Pity,Peace,ifthereisnoman-mademiseries.

IV.QuestionsonIHeardanAngelSinging

68Thepoemistreatedinamocki翻译练习PleasetranslateIHearanAngelSingingintoChinese!请将《我听见天使在歌唱》这首诗翻成中文。69翻译练习69WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克

(1757-1827)70WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克

LifeExperienceLiteraryCreationsLiteraryPosition71LifeExperienceLiteraryCreati

LifeExperience1779,astudentattheRoyalAcademy1783,hisfirstcollectionofpoemsPoeticalSketches

wasprinted

1782,hemarriedtheilliterateCatherineandtaughthertoread,writeandengrave14-20anapprenticetoanengraver21aprofessionalengraverHewaseducatedathomeuntil10TextinhereamemorialofhimwasatthePoetsCornerinWestminsterAbbey72LifeExperience177

hallucination:幻觉eg.atreefullofangels从童年时代起，布莱克就充满了丰富的想像力，并且时常经历幻想。他说他曾看见过缀满天使的大树，曾见到过安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂中的古圣先贤，并给他们画过画像。他把自己所看到的一切用绘画和诗歌表现出来。他的画大多是经过深思熟虑后的变形人体或表现他幻觉中所见到的人物。布莱克一生都没有得到官方或公众的赏识。在当时人们的眼中，它是个反理性主义者、梦幻家和神秘主义者，一个远离尘世的人和偏执狂。他的作品没有受到重视。直到十九、二十世纪之交，叶芝等人重编了他的诗集，人们才惊讶于他的纯真与深刻。接着是他的书信和笔记的发表，他的神启式的画也逐渐普及，于是诗人与画家布莱克的地位才确立无疑。73hallucination:幻觉4Blake’spoliticalviewsBlakewasarebel.Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'cruelexploitation,sayingthatthe"darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed,killedchildrenandforcedprostitution."HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.74Blake’spoliticalviewsBlake1.PoemsPoeticalSketches《诗歌素描》hisfirstcollectionofpoemsSongsofInnocence(1789)《天真之歌》SongsofExperience(1794)《经验之歌》LiteraryCreations751.PoemsLiteraryCreations6PoeticalSketches12-20岁之间写作的诗。尝试写作莎士比亚的无韵诗以及民谣形式的诗和抒情诗。有对诗坛充斥的娇柔造作表示毫无偏见的叹息，也有对统治地位的理性法则充满轻视，还有赞同伊丽莎白时期清新的诗歌。Acollectionoflyricalpoems,whicharehighlymusical.Blake'sdistinctivethemesofloveandjealousy,togetherwithveryearlyversionsofsomeofhismythologicalfigures,canbeglimpsedinthedelicatelyconstructedsongs.76PoeticalSketches12-20岁之间写作的诗。SongsofInnocence

IntheintroductionofSongsofInnocence,thepoetcompareshimselftoalaughingchilduponacloud.

SongsofInnocencecontainspoemsinwhichwecanseepicturesofmerrynatureandinnocentchildren.Usingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheart.

77SongsofInnocenceInthealaughingchilduponacloud78alaughing

Intheintroductionof

SongsofExperience,thepoetbecomes“thelapsed流失的Soulweepingintheeveningdew”.InSongsofExperienceBlakedrewpicturesofneedinessanddistressandshowedthesufferingsofthepoor.79IntheintroductionofSSomebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《经验之歌》中最著名的一些诗篇TheLittleBlackBoy《黑小孩》TheChimneySweeper《扫烟囱的孩子》TheLamb《羊羔》TheTiger《老虎》AhSunflower!《啊，向日葵！》London《伦敦》

80Somebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《TheTiger81TheTiger12AhSunflower！AhSunflower,wearyoftime,Whocountestthestepsofthesun;SeekingafterthatsweetgoldenclimeWherethetraveller'sjourneyisdone;WheretheYouthpinedawaywithdesire,Andthepalevirginshroudedinsnow,Arisefromtheirgraves,andaspireWheremySunflowerwishestogo!82AhSunflower！AhSunflower,wea《啊，向日葵》啊，向日葵！怀着对时间的厌倦整天数着太阳的脚步．它寻求甜蜜而金色的天边——倦旅的旅途在那儿结束；那儿，少年因渴望而憔悴早殇，苍白的处女盖着雪的尸布，都从他们坟中起来向往——向着我的向日葵要去的国度。（飞白译）83《啊，向日葵》啊，向日葵！怀着对时间的厌倦14AuguriesofInnocenceToseeaWorldinaGrainofSandAndaHeaveninaWildFlower,HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndEternityinanhour.84AuguriesofInnocenceToseea天真的预示一颗沙里看出一个世界，一朵野花里一座天堂，把无限放在你的手掌上，永恒在一刹那里收藏。梁宗岱译85天真的预示16扫烟囱孩子（一）

选自《天真之歌》（卞之琳译）

我母亲死的时候，我还小得很，我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人，我当时还不大喊得清“扫呀，扫，”我就扫你们烟囱，裹煤屑睡觉。有个小托姆，头发卷得像小羊头，剃光的时候，哭得好伤心，好难受，我就说：“小托姆，不要紧，光了脑袋，大起来煤屑就不会糟蹋你白头发。”86扫烟囱孩子（一）

选自《天真之歌》（卞之琳译）

17他就安安静静了，当天夜里，托姆睡着了，事情就来得稀奇，他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩阿猫阿狗全都给锁进了黑棺材。后来来了个天使，拿了把金钥匙，开棺材放出了孩子们（真是好天使！）他们就边跳，边笑，边跑过草坪，到河里洗了澡，太阳里晒得亮晶晶。87他就安安静静了，当天夜里，18光光的，白白的，把袋子都抛个一地，他们就升上了云端，在风里游戏；“只要你做个好孩子，”天使对托姆说，“上帝会做你的父亲，你永远快乐。”托姆就醒了；屋子里黑咕隆咚，我们就起来拿袋子、扫帚去做工。大清早尽管冷，托姆的心里可温暖；这叫做：各尽本分，就不怕灾难。88光光的，白白的，把袋子都抛个一地，19

TheChimneySweeper(II)

AlittleblackthingamongthesnowCrying‘weep,weep”innotesofwoe!“Wherearethyfather&mother?say?”“Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.”89TheChimneySweeper(II)Al“BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,Andsmil’damongthewinter’ssnow;Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.“AndbecauseIamhappy,&dance&sing,Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,AndaregonetopraiseGod&hisPriest&King,Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery”.90“BecauseIwashappyupontheProse:

TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂与地狱的联姻》

TheFrenchRevolution《法国大革命》179191Prose:

TheMarriageofHeavProse：TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂与地狱的联姻》--想象力的赞美诗

AproseworkisimportantforitsexpressionofBlake'sspiritofrevoltagainstoppression.Hemaintainslibertyagainstthelawofbourgeoissociety.

布莱克对当时所有的政府、道德以及宗教法规进行抨击批判。92Prose：TheMarriageofHeavenBlake’sEtchings(蚀刻画)Thelover’swhirlwindForDante’swork

ThegreatreddragonandthewomanclothedwithSunfortheBible93Blake’sEtchings(蚀刻画)TheloverTheGoodandtheBadAngels94TheGoodandtheBadAngels25WilliamBlake1757-1827ElohimcreatingAdam179595WilliamBlake1757-1827EloDanteandVergilTheDivineComedy96DanteandVergil27Blake’sliteraryachievements

1.Asymbolist,oramystic神秘主义者;manypoemsareobscureandcanbeinterpretedonlysymbolically.2.Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.(visualimages,imagination)3.Naturalsentiment怜悯之情andindividualoriginalityofhispoems.97Blake’sliteraryachievements4.图、文结合：诗中有画，画中有诗Mostofhisworksweredesignedandproducedasmultimedia,combiningverbalandvisualmodesofexpressionwithinnovativetechnologicalmethodsofengravingandprinting”.--StephenMarx2.“BlakeisconsiderednotonlyamajorEnglishwriterbutanimportantfigureinthehistoryofart艺术史上的重要人物.984.图、文结合：诗中有画，画中有诗29

Pre-romanticism

WhendidPre-romanticismappear?inthelatterhalfofthe18thcenturyWhatarethemainfeaturesofPre-romanticism?RomanticRevival;StrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicismClaimsofpassionandemotionRenewedinterestsinmedievalliterature99Pre-romanticismWhendidP

Pre-romanticismWhoaretherepresentatives?WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsWhat’sthesignificance?markedthedeclineofclassicismpavedthewayforthecomingofromanticisminEngland100Pre-romanticismWhoarether

AnalysisofLondonStructure1RhymeScheme2paraphrase&translation3theme4101AnalysisoLondonIwanderthro’eachcharter’dstreet,Nearwherethecharter’dThamesdoesflow.AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness,marksofwoe.IneverycryofeveryMan,IneveryInfantscryoffear,Ineveryvoice:ineveryban,Themind-forg’dmanaclesIhear102LondonIwanderthro’eachcharHowtheChimney-sweeperscryEveryblack’ningChurchappalls,AndthehaplessSoldierssighRunsinblooddownPalacewallsButmostthro’midnightstreetsIhearHowtheyouthfulHarlotscurseBlaststhenew-bornInfantstearAndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse

103HowtheChimney-sweeperscry3I.StructureStanzas1-3:themiseriesofpeoplethatthepoetsawandheardindaytimeStanza4:themiseriesofpoeplethatthepoetsawandheardatnight104I.StructureStanzas1-3:theII.rhymeschemeTherhymeschemeofthispoemis:abab105II.rhymeschemeTherhymeschecharteredstreets106charteredstreets37charteredThames107charteredThames381.charter’d=chartered–monopolized被垄断了的；当时英国资本主义工商业已相当发达，许多大公司企业获得了专利权。伦敦大街及泰晤士河上航运均为大资本家控制2.theThames(River)泰晤士河；3.mark(s)–1)vt.notice/see注意/看到,2)n.signs/traces痕迹/迹象；4.weakness–fatigue,tiredness(physical);woe–(mentaloremotional)grief;5.themind-forg’dmanacles—(由)精神（铸造的）枷锁；manaclesmadebythemindIII.Paraphrase1081.charter’d=chartered–monmanacles枷锁109manacles枷锁40chimney-sweepers110chimney-sweepers416.theChimney-sweeper–Inthe18thcenturysmallboys,sometimesnomorethan4or5yearsold,wereemployedtoclimbupthenarrowchimneysandcleaninside,collectingthesoot烟灰inbags.Suchboys,sometimessoldtothemastersweepersbytheirparentsowingtopoverty,weremiserablytreatedbytheirmastersandoftensuffereddiseaseandphysicalinjuries.1116.theChimney-sweeper–Inthchurches112churches437.theChimney-sweeper'scryCry=Weep哭泣implyingsadness,sorrowandweepingtearsoftheboysCry=“Sweep”大喊“扫烟囱啰!”8.blackeningchurch:thechurchesturnedblackbecauseoftheburningofcoals."Black"impliedthattheclergymenarehypocriticalandcorrupted.9.thechurchappals:theclergymanappalsatthecryoftheboys(TheclergymanhiredtheboystocollectthesootarousedthedisgustofthepoetBlake)1137.theChimney-sweeper'scry44

17101837BuckinghamPalaceofvariousagesnow11417101837Bu

FiveSensesofHumanBeingsSenseofhearing听觉Senseofsight视觉Senseoftaste味觉Senseofsmelling嗅觉Senseoftouch触觉115FiveSense

10.thehaplessSoldiersigh—theunluckysoldierwhowaswoundedorevencrippledinthewarfordefendingthestate/monarchbutnowisdesertedbythecountryandhastobegforhislivingoutsidethepalacesincehecannotfindanyjobasadisabledperson.11.runinblooddownthepalacewall:thesoldier'sbloodrunsdownthepalacewallSynesthesiaisusedinthesetwolines.通感,联觉themixtureuseofSenseofHearing（eg.sigh)听觉andSenseofSight(eg.blood)视觉11610.theha12.“Palacewalls":acontrast

inside–grandballs,luxuriousbanquets,etc.ofthecourt&theroyalfamilyoutside–thecrippledsoldiersaresufferingfromthebleedingwoundandhunger13.theyouthfulharlot—theyoungprostitute妓女14.

theyouthfulHarlotscurseblaststhenew-bornInfantstear:

theyoungprostitutescursethemenwhobroughtvenerealdiseasetothemandtheircursefrightensthenew-bornbabiesfromcrying.11748

15.thenew-borninfantstear:thenew-bornbabiescrybecauseofthediseasetheygetwhentheywereborn16.blights—damages/undermines17.plagues:thevenerealdiseasecausedbyprostitution(whoring)卖淫性病(如梅毒syphilis)病菌造成的胎儿先天性失明18.theMarriagehearse—turnedthemarriageintoafuneral,implyinganemotionaldeath:lovelessmarriagebasedonmoneyleadingtoextra-maritalsex

hearse:thevehicletocarrydeadpeople灵车11815.thene

19.ThedescriptionofthesethreekindsofpeopleisthecriticismofthethreemajorinstitutionsofEngland1)Thereligioussystem:

thehypocrisyoftheclergymeninthechurchesisexposedbythechimneys