【精编版】年高考英语(江苏卷)试题解析教师版

绝密★启用前2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第二部分: 英语知识运用 (共两节, 满分35 分)第一节:单项填空 (共15小题;每小题 1分,满分 15分)请阅读下面各题 ,从题中所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项 ,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever答案是 B。21.Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.it B.which C.what D.as【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了 17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选 D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的 thenumberofsmokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用 which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“ Thenumberofsmokershasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear. ”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有 “正如⋯⋯”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住asisreported这一常用结构，类似的还有asisknown/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。【考点定位】定语从句22.Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedto_____totheirgreatestpotential.A.accelerate B.improve C.perform D.develop【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。 A项“加速，加快”；B项“改善，提高”；C项“表现”；D项“发展”。故选D项。本题语境贴近学生生活，考生必须利用这一特定语境理解动词特定含义，如果脱离语境容易选择另外三个选项。从词性上看，四个选项中的动词均可用作及物或不及物。这时可以根据固定搭配“ developtoone’sgreatestpotential(最大限度地发展潜能 )”锁定正确选项。【考点定位】动词词义辨析23.—Jim,canyouworkthisSunday?—________?I’vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.A.Whyme B.Whynot C.Whatif D.Sowhat【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：— Jim，周末你能加班吗？—为什么是我？我连续工作两周了。 A项“为什么是我？”；B项“为什么不呢 ?”；C项“要是⋯⋯会怎样?”；D项“那又怎么样 ?”。只有A项符合1/20语境。故选 A项。【考点定位】交际用语24.Muchtime_____sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.A.beingspent B.havingspent C.spent D.spending【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选 C项。【考点定位】独立主格结构25._____LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon ’tacceptit.A.That B.Why C.Where D.How【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，

agreatChinesepoet

做

LiBai

的同位语，

is

前面是主语从句。比较选项只有

where符合句意，

where在从句中做地点状语。故选

C项。【考点定位】名词性从句26.ItissocoldthatyoucanA.if

’tgooutside_____fullycoveredinthickclothes.B.unlessC.once

D.when【答案】

B【解析】试题分析：句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起来。

A项“如果”；项“除非”；C项“一旦”；D项“当⋯⋯时候”。“unlessfullycovered”为“连词+省略结构”，补充完整为“unlessyouare”。故选B项。“连词+省略结构”省略了从句的主语（与主句主语一致）和主语后的动词be。考生应根据前后句意判断出前后逻辑关系，然后选择正确答案。同时，考生要注意归纳这类连词：when,while“表示时间”；if,unless“表示条件”；once“表示时间或条件”；though/although,evenif(though)表示“让步”。【考点定位】连词辨析27.Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramsto_____thecountry’sSilkRoadEconomicBelt.A.applyto B.caterfor C.appealto

D.huntfor【答案】

B【解析】试题分析：句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。

A项“向⋯⋯申请，适用于⋯⋯”；B

项“迎合，满足 ⋯⋯的需要，为⋯⋯提供服务”；C

项“对⋯⋯有吸引力，呼吁”；D项“猎取，寻找”。故选B项。【考点定位】动词短语辨析28.Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble______theschedule.A.didIknow B.haveIknown C.doIknow2/20

D.hadIknown【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中 mighthavesaved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用 ifIhadknown 与主句保持一致。 if虚拟条件句中含有 had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选 D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间 ,一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should或were时,可以省略 if，而将had,should或were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。【考点定位】虚拟语气29.Thewholeteam_____CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.A.waiton B.focuson C.counton D.callon【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺 ·罗纳尔多，他从未让他们失望。 A项“服侍，等待”；B项“集中（注意力）于”；C项“指望”；D项“呼吁，拜访”。故选C项。四个选项中的动词各不相同，但所搭配的介词都是 to。因此，考生应注意掌握同一个介词与不同动词的搭配的用法。此题考生容易误选 B项focuson“集中”，可以根据动词惯用搭配 sb.focusonsth.“某人注意力（精力）集中在某事上”排除该选项。【考点定位】动词短语辨析30.Therealreasonwhyprices____,andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.A.were B.willbe C.havebeen D.hadbeen【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“ andstillare”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选项。【考点定位】时态31.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand_______reviewofthecase.A.comprehensive B.complicated C.conscious D.crucial【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。 A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。【考点定位】形容词词义辨析32.Someschoolswillhavetomake______inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.A.judgments B.adjustments C.comments D.achievements【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。 A项“判断，3/20决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。 四个选项都可以跟前面的动词 make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。

另外还可以利用固定搭配排除

C项

make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。

commentson“对⋯⋯做出评价

/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。【考点定位】名词词义辨析33.—Whydidn’tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthdayparty?—Well,youknowhe’s_______.A.anearlybird B.awetblanket C.aluckydog D.atoughnut【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：—为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？—你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A项“早起的鸟儿（比喻勤劳的人） ”；B项“扫兴的人或物”；C项“幸运儿”；D项“棘手的事情，难对付的人”。故选B项。【考点定位】英语俗语34.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound_______ThomasEdison.A.thanksto B.regardlessof C.asidefrom D.butfor【答案】

D【解析】试题分析：句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。A 项“多亏”，具有很强的迷惑性，如将题干改成“

_______Thomas

Edison,nowwecanbenefitfrommanyofthethings

aroundus.”则选A项；B项“不管，不顾”；C项“除了”；D项“要不是”，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句。故选D项。【考点定位】介词短语辨析35.—GoandsaysorrytoyourMom,Dave.—I’dliketo,butI’mafraidshewon’tbehappywithmy______.A.requests

B.excuses

C.apologies

D.regrets【答案】

C【解析】试题分析：句意：—

Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。

A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D

项“遗憾，后悔”。故选

C项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析第二节

:

完形填空

(共

20小题;

每小题

1分,

满分

20分)请阅读下面短文

,从短文后各题所给的

A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项

,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegel’sbooksincollegeandwashookedonhispositivityfromthat4/20momenton.Thestoriesofhisunconventional36andtheexceptionalpatientshewroteaboutwereso37tomeandhadsuchabig38onhowIsawlifefromthenon.WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagainto39myowncancerexperience?I’manambitious40,andwhenIstartedgoingthroughchemo(化疗),eventhoughI’mavery41person,Ilostmydrivetowrite.Iwasjusttootiredandnotinthe42.Oneday,whilewaitingtogoinfor43,IhadoneofDr.Bernie’sbooksinmyhand.Anotherpatient44whatIwasreadingandstruckupaconversationwithme45hehadoneofhisbookswithhimaswell.It46thatamongotherthings,hewasaneighty-year-oldwriter.Hewas47apublishedauthor,andhewascurrently48onanewbook.Wewouldseeeachotheratvarioustimesand49friends.Sometimesheworeaduckhat,andIwouldtellmyself,hewasdefinitelya(n)50ofDr.Bernie.Hereallyputa51onmyface.Heunfortunately52lastyearduetohiscancer,53heleftadeepimpressiononmeandgavemethe54topickupmypenagain.I55tomyself,“Ifhecandoit,thensocanI.”36.A.tastesB.ideasC.notesD.memories37.A.amazingB.shockingC.amusingD.strange38.A.strikeB.pushC.challengeD.impact39.A.learnfromB.gooverC.getthroughD.referto40.A.readerB.writerC.editorD.doctor41.A.positiveB.agreeableC.humorousD.honest42.A.moodB.positionC.stateD.way43.A.adviceB.referenceC.protectionD.treatment44.A.viewedB.knewC.noticedD.wondered45.A.whileB.becauseC.althoughD.providing46.A.cameoutB.workedoutC.provedoutD.turnedout47.A.naturallyB.merelyC.hopefullyD.actually48.A.decidingB.investingC.workingD.relying49.A.becameB.helpedC.missedD.visited50.A.patientB.operatorC.fanD.publisher51.A.signB.smileC.markD.mask52.A.showedupB.setoffC.felldownD.passedaway53.A.sinceB.butC.soD.for5/2054.A.guidanceB.trustC.opportunityD.inspiration55.A.promisedB.sworeC.thoughtD.replied【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。作者读了 BernieSiegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。之后作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作，但在治疗期间结识一位同样受到 Bernie影响，年迈却仍坚持写作的病友。在病友死后，作者又重新拾起纸笔。36.B考查名词。根据首段首句可知，作者读了 BernieSiegel的书，深受书中积极人生观的影响。此处unconventional ideas意为“非传统的观点”与上句中“积极的人生观”呼应。 A项“口味”；B项“观点”；C项“笔记”；D项“记忆”。故选B项。37.A考查形容词。根据上文中“ unconventional（非传统的）”和“ unexceptional（例外的）”提示可知，他书中所写的东西对我来说十分惊异。 A项“令人惊异的”；B项“令人震惊的”；C项“有趣的”；D项“奇怪的”。故选A项。38.D考查名词。haveanimpacton为固定搭配，意为“对⋯有影响”。A项“打击”；B项“推，逼迫”；C项“挑战”；D项“影响”。故选D项。39.C考查动词短语。根据下文可知，作者不幸身患癌症，病痛的折磨使他放弃了写作。 但病友的执着和 BernieSiegel积极的人生观让自己又重新拾起纸笔，渡过了这段艰难时期。 A项“从⋯⋯中获取经验，汲取教训 ”；B项“复习，仔细检查 ”；C项“渡过难关”；D项“提到，涉及，参考 ”。故选C项。40.B考查名词。根据下文中“ ⋯,Ilostmydrivetowrite”可知，作者是一名抱负的作家。 A项“读者”；B项“作家”；C项“编辑”；D项“医生”。故选B项。41.A考查形容词。句意：尽管我是一个积极的人，还是失去了写作的动力。 apositiveperson与lostmydrivetowrite构成让步关系，且与上文 positivity呼应。 A项“积极的”；B项“称心如意的”；C项“幽默的”；D项“诚实的”。故选A项。42.A考查名词。句意：我就是感觉太累，没有心情去写。inthemood意为“没有心情去做事”。A项“心情”；B项“位置，职位”；C项“状态”；D项“方式”。故选A项。43.D考查名词。句意：一天，当我在等待治疗时，手里拿着 Bernie的一本书。A项“建议”；B项“提及，参考”；C项“保护”；D项“治疗”。故选D项。44.C考查动词。句意：另外一个病人注意到我在读些什么，主动跟我攀谈起来。 A项“认为”；B项“知道，了解”；C项“（无意中）注意到 ”；D项“想知道”。故选C项。45.B考查连词。句意：该空后是他主动和我攀谈的原因：他身上也有一本 Bernie的书。A项表示时间或轻微转折；B项表示原因；C项表示让步；D项表示条件。故选 B项。6/2046.D考查动词短语。除此之外，他是一位八十岁的作家。 A项“出现，出版”；B项“锻炼，解决，制定 ”；C项“证明是合适的，令人满意的”；D项“证明是，结果是”。itturnedoutthat是固定搭配，意为“结果是⋯⋯，结果证明⋯⋯”故选D项。47.D考查副词。句意：事实上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在写一本新书。A项“自然地”；B项“仅仅”；C项“有希望地”；D项“事实上”。故选D项。48.C考查动词搭配。根据句意可知，他目前在写一本新书。 A项decideon“决定，确定”；B项investon“投资，花时间在 ⋯⋯上”；C项workon“从事，忙于”；D项relyon“依赖，依靠”。故选C项。49.A考查动词。句意：我们总是在许多时候见到对方，成了朋友。 A项“成为”；B项“帮助”；C项“错过”；D项“拜访”。故选A项。50.C考查名词。根据句意可知，他的确是 Bernie的粉丝。A项“病人”；B项“操作员，接线员”；C项“粉丝”；D项“出版商”。故选C项。51.B考查名词。根据句意可知，他的举动感染了我，使我在生活中面带微笑。 A项“标志，迹象，征兆 ”；B项“微笑”；C项“标记”；D项“面罩”。故选B项。52.D考查动词短语。句意：他补充说道 Jason因为不愿说谎没挣到钱。 A项“出现，露面”；B项“出发，动身”；C项“跌倒”；D项“去世（死的委婉表达） ”。故选D项。53.B考查连词。句意：他去年不幸死于癌症，但给我留下了深刻的印象。 A项表示时间；B项表示转折；C项表示结果； D项表示原因。故选 B项。54.D考查名词。句意：他激励我重新拾起纸笔。 A项“指导”；B项“信任”；C项“机会”；D项“鼓舞，激励，启发”。故选D项。55.C考查名词。句意：我对自己说：“如果他能做到，我也能。”A项“承诺”；B项“郑重发誓”；C项thinktooneself“自言自语”；D项“回答”。故选C项。【考点定位】记叙文阅读第三部分:阅读理解 (共15小题;每小题 2分,满分 30分)请阅读下列短文 ,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项 ,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A7/2056.AccordingtotheCode,visitorsshouldact_______.A.withcareandrespect B.withreliefandpleasureC.withcautionandcalmness D.withattentionandobservation57.WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?A.Takeyourowncampingfacilities.B.Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.C.Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.D.Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.8/20【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇应用文（旅游指南）。介绍了去新西兰旅游中要保护动物，处理好垃圾，注意路标等注意事项。56.A

推理判断题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了去新西兰旅游中的注意事项，根据关键词“

beconsiderate，becareful，takecare”等可推知游客的行为应体现出关爱和尊重。故选

A项。57.C细节理解题。根据小标题“ Keeptothetrack”下内容可知，可知在新西兰旅游时，为了减少破坏植物的可能，鼓励游客顺着路走。露营设施是提供好的，排除 A项；B偷换主体，埋藏的是 toiletwaste，而非glass；D项偷换概念，observenosmokingsigns，而非observesignstoapproachnestingbirds。故选C项。【考点定位】应用文阅读BIntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)of

gold

andotherpreciousmetalswashigher

in

So-callede-wastethanin

naturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging( 包装)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(动机)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheir9/20products,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap( 气泡垫)thatencasedyourtelevision?Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.58.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat_________.A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmallB.E-wastedeservestobemadegooduseofC.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetalsD.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste59.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended_________.A.fromproducerstogovernmentsB.fromgovernmentstoproducersC.fromindividualstodistributorsD.fromdistributorstogovernmentsWhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Theincreaseine-waste.Thecreationofe-waste.Theseriousnessofe-waste.Themanagementofe-waste.【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施。B推理判断题。文章第一段告诉我们，每年有大量废弃电子产品被随意丢弃。紧接着第二段首句指出：电子设备中含有有用的金属，如金和银，并用Swissstudy佐证这一观点，因此可以推知电子垃圾值得充分利用。故选B项。59.B细节理解题。文章第六、七、八三段围绕“生产者责任延伸”展开的，最后一段做了总结，根据“aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibility10/20ofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers ”可知B项正确，是对该句的同义压缩。故选 B项。60.D主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章先描述了废弃电子产品被随意丢弃这一现象，接着指出电子垃圾的可以用价值和潜在风险，主要是由于对废弃电子产品的管理不善造成的，最后呼吁政府和生产商对此承担一定的责任。故选 D项。【考点定位】科普说明文阅读CSupposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It ’sverylikelythatyou ’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentified severalfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunity service,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople ’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g., “Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome”)toanexternalfactor(e.g.,“IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso”).Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”.Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividual differencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview “volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteer wasmostpartof theirpersonalidentity would alsobemostlikely tocontinue volunteerwork.11/20Participants indicatedthedegreeto which thesocial rolematteredbyresponding tostatementssuchas“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam. ”Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation( 正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:“Onceanindividual beginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity ”.61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof______.A.academicrequirements B.socialexpectationsC.financialrewards D.internalneeds62.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear. B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch. D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.63.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity. B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.C.Roleidentityasavolunteer. D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.64.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviorsC.HowtoKeepVolunteers’Interest D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。文章分析讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过 3个实验研究志愿者的意图。61. D细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知人们做志愿者工作的原因为： “toexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships”，再结合“Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate”可知答案为 D项（满足内在的需求）。62．B推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中“ trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience ”可知志愿者应该从心理上做好充分的准备。故选 B项。63.C细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中“ thosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork ”可知志愿者身份认同会激励他们继续从事志愿者工作。故选 C项。12/2064.A标题归纳题。文章首段提出假设：假如你是一名组织领导人，很想得到志愿者的帮助。并指出在此之前，必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过 3个实验研究志愿者的意图。因此 A项（如何使人们从事志愿者服务）是文章的最佳标题。【考点定位】议论文阅读DFreedomandResponsibilityFreedom’schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations, splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwereboth tyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.InGreece,inAthens(雅典),alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens,notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeopledonotprizeit,andworkforit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian’sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;andwiththisastheprimaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.13/20Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonly oneresult.If meninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself-dependenceandresponsibility forthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.But,“theexcellentbecomesthepermanent”,Aristotlesaid.Athenslostfreedomforever,butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican,JamesMadison,referredto: “Thecapacity(能力)ofmankindforself-government.”NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatman’sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwill dososometime.65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?A.Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp. B.Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.C.Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom. D.Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.66.Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho________.A.regardtheirlifeastheirownbusiness B.seekgainsastheirprimaryobjectC.behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystems D.treatotherswithkindnessandpity67.WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?A.TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.B.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.C.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.D.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.68.Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.”inParagraph5mean?A.Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.B.Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.C.Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.D.FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself-dependence.69.WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?A.Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.14/20B.Theauthoriscautiousaboutself-government.C.TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization.D.Theauthorisproudofman’scapacity.Whatistheauthor’sunderstandingoffreedom?Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.【解析】试题分析：这是一篇历史文化类说明文。文章讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战。65.D词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子后半句“ oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses”可知tyrannies是指拥有绝对统治权的政府。故选 D项。66.C细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下下从事一起活动。故选 C项。67.A细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄。故选 A项。68.B句意理解题。根据第五段第三句“ Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree ”可知唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。 故选B项。69.A细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“ Athenslostfreedomforever,butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.”及“Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit. ”可知作者并没有因此而失去信心， 相反对自由充满了希望。故选 A项。70.D观点态度题。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比， 得出自由需要责任的保证这一结论， 故选D项。【考点定位】历史文化类说明文阅读第四部分: 任务型阅读 (共10 小题; 每小题1 分, 满分10 分)请阅读下面短文 ,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.Oneisrelatedtowhat15/20FreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,science,education,andhealth.Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.It sometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue.”Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ra