木材科学专业词汇

木材科学专业词汇木材加工Woodprocessing1、一般词汇GeneralTerms安全应力safestress暗色心材darkheart-wood；darkcorewood凹凸纹（理）（机械缺陷）raisedgrain扒钉（蚂蟥钉）doubl—headednail白腐whiterot白腐材whiterottenwood百万板尺MMBF百万立方米Mm3斑腐mottled（rot）；pecky板尺检尺法footboardmeasurement板英尺boardfoot（b.F.;B.F.orbd.ft）板英尺一考得转换boardfoot-cordconversion板英尺-立方英尺转换boardfoot-cubicfootconversion板英尺材积表boardfootvolumetable板英尺检尺board—footscaling板英尺量度board-footmeasure半成材shoplumber半环孔材semi—ringporouswood半活节partialIntergrownknot半具缘纹孔对semiborderedpit-pair半散孔材semi-diffuseporouswood半圆材half-roundwood半缘纹孔对haft-borderedpit-pair包复片wrappingfoil薄壁组织parenchyma被絮花纹quiltedfigure比例极限proportionallimit；limitofproportionality比例极限应力stressatproportionallimit壁孔（纹孔）pit壁孔对（纹孔对）pitpair壁孔口（纹孔口）pitaperture壁孔膜（纹孔膜）pitmembrane壁孔腔（纹孔腔）pitcavity；pitchamber边材腐朽saprot；externaldecay边材树sapwoodtree边腐marginalrot边节edgeknot边棱节arrisknot；cornerknot边缘纹孑Lmarginalpit变色材stainingwood变形deformation标尺staff标准节standardknot标准考得apparentcord标准木typetree标准误差meanerror；errorofmeansquare表层硬化casehardening表面虫孔surfacewormhole表面缺陷；明显缺陷opendefect波状纹理wavyfigure（orgrain）；fiddlebackgrain不规则纹理irregulargrain不合格率failurerate不健全节unsoundknot不均匀结构uneventexture不均匀纹理unevengrain部分轻度表层腐朽partialshallowdecay部分严重（深层）腐朽partialdeepdecay材积测定法volumedetermination材面节（疤）faceknot材性woodproperty材种kindoftimber；woodsort；assortment槽纹钉corrugatednail侧面纹理sidegrain侧翘（边弯）spring测径尺caliperrule测径直角尺（轮尺）calipersquare层积材laminate产品种类；产品目录productionprogram长节mule-earknot沉水材sinker成材lumber成年材maturewood；adultwood成熟材ripewood承压应力bearingstress赤节redknot冲击剪切强度impactshearingstrength冲击强度impactstrength；shockresistance；shockstrength冲击应力shockstress冲击硬度impacthardness充脂材resin—soakedwood；lightwood；resinouswood充足原料储备well-stockedsupplyofrawmaterials虫孔（虫眼）insecthole；wormgrub重纹孔；具缘纹孔borderedpit初腐dozy初期腐朽incipientdecay初期红心腐firmredheartrot初生材primarywood初生木质部primaryxylem初生韧皮部primarybast；primaryphloem穿孑匕perforation；punching仓^伤心材woundheartwood垂直剪切强度verticalshearingstrength垂直抗拉强度perpendiculartensilestrength纯应变purestrain次生木质部secondaryxylem次生韧皮部secondaryphloem粗材积grossscale粗结构coarsetexture粗纹理coarsegrain；opengrain；roughgrain脆心材brittleheart打号员（划线员）marker大板条largestrip大虫孑Lgrubhole大兜（干基特大的）buttswelling；swell-butted；rootswelling大径材largetimber大幼树largesapling大圆材highpole;largepole带棱健全材square-edgeandsound（Sq.E.Sd.）带皮直径diameteroutside（over）bark带心材boxedhearttimber带状花纹stripefigure；ribbongrain袋腐pocket（rot）单壁孔（单纹孔）simplepit单穿孑Lsimpleperforation档木（集材弯道）sheerlog导管vessel导管分子vesselelement导热性thermalconductivity；heatconductivity倒棱（倒角）chamfers等级类另Ugradecategory等级区分gradeseparation等级应力；应力分类；应力分等gradestress地表直径groundlinediameter（GLD）顶腐toprot冻心材frostheart-wood端裂endchecking；endshake；endsplit端面纹理endgrain短木段billet；bolt短原木billettimber断面模量modulusofsection断纹理；破折纹理brokengrain对角纹理diagonalgrain钝棱材waneylumber多用途材versatilewood多脂材fatwood伐木废材loggingdebris法向应力normalstress翻木机logrotator防变色处理anti—staintreatment防裂扒钉anti—checkingiron；anti-splitiron防裂夹具anti-checkingclamp防裂涂料anti-checkingcoating非规格材off-standard非破坏性试验non-destructivetesting废料refuse分叉节；岔节branchedknot封闭节；不贯通节blindknot封边条edgebanding蜂窝腐honeycomb(rot)蜂窝状纤维(木材缺陷)combgrain；quarteredwithoutflakes腐烂和腐朽decayandrot腐朽节rottenknot：decayedknot复合材compositewood复合成材compositelumber复节；丛节knotcluster复心材doubleheart-wood；double-summit改良板尺检尺法newF.B.Mscale改性木improvedwood;modifiedwood干材stemwood干腐trunkrot；bolerot干基腐朽buttrot干裂crack；seasoningcheck干容积重drybulkdensity干围girth干围级girthclass干围界限girthlimit干围率girthquotient干燥应力dryingstress杆材smallpole冈U性模量rigiditymodules根端buttend根段材firstlog；buttlog根腐rootrot根株(木)花纹stumpfigure工作应力workingstress构架材carcassingtimber管胞tracheid管孑Lpore管状腐朽piperot规定尺寸deadsize规格材dimensionstock过熟材overyearedwood；overstockedwood海绵状腐朽spongerot含晶细胞crystalliferouscell含水率moisturecontent含水率允许公差moisturetolerances函心材boxed—heart(timber)褐腐brownrot黑节blackknot横纹剪切shearperpendiculartothegrain横纹抗拉(极限)强度maximumtensilestrengthperpendicularto(the)grain横纹抗拉强度tensilestrengthperpendiculartothegrain横纹抗压强度compressionstrengthperpendicularto(the)grain横纹抗压试验compressiontestperpendiculartothegrain横纹拉力tensionperpendiculartothegrain横向翘曲cupping：crosswiseconcaving;transversewarping；cup红变redstain宏观构造grossstructure后期腐朽advanceddecay厚度膨胀thicknessswelling弧裂burstcheck花斑纹mottledfigure；mottlefigure滑移slipping化学变色chemicalstain环钉ringdog环孔材ring-porouswood环裂ringshake；roundshake环状腐朽ringrot混生节Intergrownknot活节liveknot;tightknot火焰纹flamefigure机加工性能machiningproperties机械磨损abrasion(mechanical)基本应力basicstress极限抗拉强度ultimatetensilestrength极限抗弯强度ultimatebendingstrength极限强度ultimatestrength极限应力ultimatestress加口工材manufacturedlumber夹皮barkpocket假年轮；伪年轮false(annual)ring；falseincrement假心材；伪心材falseheartwood尖节spikeknot尖肖^度taper；fall-off;tapering；taperingness坚实节fixedknot间柱材stud(ding)检尺杖scalestick剪切弹性模量shearmodulus剪切拉伸强度sheartensilestrength剪切破坏shearfailure剪切应力shearingstress剪应变shearstrain健全节soundknot降等downgrade；degrade交错纹理crossgram；interlockedgrain节材nodalwood节子knot；knag结构特选级selectedstructure紧密节tightknot浸渍材impregnatedwood径级diameterclass径裂radialshake；crossshake径切面纹理comb—grain净增率percentagenetgrowth锯齿状年轮indentedring卷曲花纹curlyfigure卷曲纹理curlygrain绝对含水率absolutemoisturecontent均匀结构uniformtexture；eventexture；evengrain抗白蚁处理termite-resistancetreatment抗剪刚度shearstiffness抗剪力shearresistance抗剪强度shearingstrength；shearresistance抗拉(极限)强度maximumtensilestrength抗拉弹性tensileelasticity抗拉刚度tensilestiffness抗拉强度tensilestrength抗磨性abrasiveresistance抗扭刚度torsionalrigidity抗扭强度torsionalstrength抗劈力cleavageresistance抗劈性cleavability抗弯刚度bendingstiffness抗弯强度bendingstrength；crossbendingstrength；cross-breakingstrength；flexuralstrength抗弯阻力bucklingresistance抗压极限强度maximumcrushingstrength抗压强度crushingstrength；compression(compressive)strength；bearingstrength坑腐pittedsaprot空节；节洞hollowknot枯梢树staghead块状腐朽cubicalrot扩基上端干围girthabovebuttress阔叶材树脂囊(油眼)gumpocket拉力试验机tensiletestingmachine拉伸试验tensiletest拉应力tensilestress蓝斑；蓝变bluestain蓝变材bluelumber梁材stringer两端翘(弓形弯)；顺弯bow；bowing劣等材wrack裂环ringcrack(shake)；roundshake檩材beams；stringer绿变greenstain乱纹材burly乱纹理wildgrain轮生节verticillateorwhorleknot螺纹增厚spiralthickening螺旋纹理spiralgrain马蹄形防裂扒钉beegleiron毛边材unedgedlumber毛刺woollygrain毛刺沟痕torngrain密实木材densifiedwood磨科abrasive(=grindingmaterial)木薄壁组织xylemparenchyma；woodparenchyma木材变色woodstain木材传声性acousticalconductivityofwood木材脆性brashnessofwood；brittlenessofwood木材弹性elasticityofwood；elasticpropertyofwood木材的膨胀和收缩swellingandshrinkingofwood木材的柔韧性pliabilityofwood木材电学性质electricitypropertyofwood木材分类woodassortment；woodsorting木材干馏wooddistillation木材刚性rigidityofwood木材黑斑blackspot(inwood)木材解剖术；木材切片术xylotomy木材抗疲劳性fatigueofwood木材力学性质(木材机械性质)mechanicalpropertiesofwood木材流变学rheologyofwood木材密度specificgravityofwood木材耐磨性abrasionofwood木材挠性flexibilityofwood木材膨胀swellingofwood木材缺陷defect；fault木材韧性toughnessofwood木材容重volumeweightofwood；weightbyvolume；volumetricweight木材声响反射系数acousticreflectioncoefficientfwood木材声学性质acousticalpropertiesofwood木材实质比重(真比重)specificweightofwood木材实质密度densityofwoodsubstance木材水解woodhydrolysis木材塑性plasticpropertyofwood木材调温调湿设备woodconditioningapparatus木材透声性acousticalpermeabilityofwood木材凸起bulge(ofwood)木材凸纹burrfigureofwood木材物理性质physicalpropertyofwood木材吸音系数acousticabsorptioncoefficientofwood木射线xylemray；woodray木丝excelsior；woodwool木瓦材shinglebolt木纹figure；grain木纹斜度slopeofgrain木纤维woodfiber木纤维素woodcellulose木质部xylem木质素lignin耐火木材refractorytimber耐久性试验endurancetest耐磨试验abrasivetest耐磨硬度abrasivehardness耐水性moistureresistance囊腐pocketrot挠曲刚度；抗挠刚度flexuralrigidity内部腐朽insiderot内含边材insidesapwood；includedsapwood；doublesapwood内夹皮closebark-pocket内裂interiorcheek；internalcheck逆表面硬化（应力）reversecase-hardening年轮（生长轮）growthring；yearlyringincrement鸟眼（木材）birds’eye（wood）鸟眼纹bird'sfigure扭（力）矩torsionalmoment扭矩torque扭力torsionalforce；torsionalloadturningforce扭曲distortion扭曲纹twistedgrain扭应力torsionalstress膨胀压力swellingpressure皮包节encasedknot皮孑匕lenticelle；lenticel疲劳极限fatiguelimit疲劳强度fatiguestrength（resistance）疲劳试验durabilitytest偏向木swaywood偏心（年）轮eccentricring偏心（髓心偏离）wanderingheart；eccentricpith片（英）尺superfeet平衡含水率equilibriummoisturecontent（EMC）平均干围meangirth平均木；中央木meansample-tree破坏性试验break-downtest骑马钉C-iron千板尺MBF千板尺锯材=2.36m31MBFsawntimber=2.36m3千板尺原木=5.1m31MBFlog=5.1m3千平方尺MSF强度比strengthratio强度试验strengthtest强度系数strengthfactor翘曲warp；warping；distortion切削沟纹；碎裂纹chippedgrain切削加工性能machinability侵染材affectedwood（timber）侵填体tylosis青变；蓝变bluesap-stain曲干材compass-timber屈服应力yieldstress去皮材barkedwood去皮原木buckskin去皮直径diameterinsidebark去脂材bledtimber缺陷材defectwood缺陷分级法defectsystem缺陷原木defectivelog染料木材dyewood热力学thermodynamics热膨胀thermalexpansion热容量thermalcapacity韧皮射线phloemray韧皮束phloembundle韧型木纤维libriformwoodfiber韧性值toughnessvalue容许应力permissiblestress；allowablestress孚匕汁道latexcanal孚匕汁管latextube；laticifer；laticiferoustube乳汁细胞latexcell；laticiferouscell软腐softrot散孔材diffuseporouswood上等材highgradestock上木uppergrowth；upperstock深虫孑Ldeepwormhole深加工Intensiveprocessing深裂纹（深1/8英寸以下）heavytorngrain生长应力growthstress生节liveknot；soundknot声阻acousticresistance湿腐wetrot湿心材water-core；wetwood；wetheart十亿立方米MMMm3实木solidwood饰面片finishfails试件；试材testingpiece试生产trialproduction试彳亍experimenting；tryout试验程序；试验方法testingprocedure试运转break-in；testrun；running-in适宜含水率suitablemoisturecontent受压木compressionwood疏松节looseknot熟材ripewood树杈crotch树杈纹crotchgrain（figure）树干材stemtimber树瘤；树疤burr（burl）树皮；皮层cortex树脂道resincanal；resinduct树脂瘤resinouscancer顺纹alongthegrain；withthegrain；inthegraindirection；inthefiberdirection顺纹剪切shearparalleltothegrain顺纹抗剪强度shearstrengthparalleltograin顺纹抗拉（极限）强度maximumtensilestrengthparallel-to-grain顺纹抗拉强度tensilestrengthparalleltograin顺纹抗压（极限）强度maximumcompressionstrengthparallelto（the）grain顺纹抗压强度compressionstrengthparalleltograin；endwisetensilestrength；crushingstrengthalongthegrain丝状腐朽stringyrot撕裂纹torngrain死节deadknot；encasedknot；non-adheringknot松散纹理loosenedgrain塑（性）变（形）plasticdeformation髓节pithknot弹性极限应力stressofelasticitylimit统材（包括中等以下的阔叶材及一般的针叶材）common（s）桶材tubbing头木basaltrunk椭圆节ovalknot弯边softformingedge弯矩momentofflexure弯抗强度bucklingstrength弯曲材crook弯曲杆材curvature弯曲极限bucklinglimit弯曲木bentwood；compass-timber弯曲应变bucklingstrain弯曲应力bendingstress；bucklingstress弯曲折断荷载bucklingload晚材（夏材）latewood（summerwood）晚材率latewoodpercentage；percentoflatewood未成熟材immaturewood未成熟心材imperfectheartwood纹孔道pitcanal纹孔膜pitmembrane纹孔内口innerpitaperture纹孔塞pittorus纹孔室；纹孔腔pitchamber纹孔缘pitborder纹理方向graindirection涡卷纹swirlgrain握钉力nail-holdingability；nail-holdingpower(capacity)；screwholdingpower无节材clearwood无孔材non—poredtimber(wood)无缺陷材clearlumber细(致)纹理smoothgrain；finegrain；closegrain细胞膜cellmembrane细波花纹fiddlebackfigure(grain)细结构finetexture细结构材fine-texturewood细纹材close-grainedwood纤维(状)管胞fiber—tracheid纤维饱和点fiber-saturationpoint纤维应力fiberstress弦面纹理slashfigure(grain)弦切面纹理flatgrain显微构造microscopicstructure显微解剖micro-dissection相对含水率relativemoisturecontent箱板材casewood；wrack小材小料wastelumbermaterial小虫孑Lshothole；pinhole小方材scantlings小规格材small-dimensionstock小径木undersizedtree小柱材lowpole斜边原木bevel-edgedlog斜纹抗压强度compressionstrengthinclinedto(the)grain斜纹理diagonalgrain心材heartwood心材树(种)heartwoodtree心、裂pithcheck；rift；heartcheck；heartshake新伐材freshly-felledtimber(wood)形成层cambium(pl.cambia)胸高干围girthbreastheight(GBH)胸高直径diameterbreast-high(D.B.H.)熊抓纹wildgrainbearscratches朽节rottenknot压碎应力crushingstress压缩木compactwood；compressedwood压应力compressivestress；crushingstress羊毛状纹理woollygrain一等材firstprimequality；firstgradetimber异形射线(组织)heteroge