【KS5U解析】山西省2020届高三下学期开学摸底英语试题 Word版含解析

2020届山西省高三下学期开学摸底英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:howmuchistheshirt?a.￡19.15.b.￡9.18.c.￡9.15.答案是c。1.whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?a.findaplace.b.buyamap.c.getanaddress.2.whatwillthemandoforthewoman?a.repairhercar.b.giveheraride.c.pickupheraunt.3.whomightmr.petersonbe?a.anewprofessor.b.adepartmenthead.c.acompanydirector.4.whatdoesthemanthinkofthebook?a.quitedifficult.b.veryinteresting.c.toosimple.5.whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?a.weather.b.clothes.c.news.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.howlongdidmichaelstayinchina?a.fivedays.b.oneweek.c.twoweeks.7.wheredidmichaelgolastyear?a.russia.b.norway.c.india.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.whatfooddoessallylike?a.chicken.b.fish.c.eggs.9.whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?a.cookdinner.b.goshopping.c.orderdishes.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.wherearethespeakers?a.inahospital.b.intheoffice.c.athome.11.whenisthereportdue?a.thursday.b.friday.c.nextmonday.12whatdoesgeorgesuggeststephaniedowiththereport?a.improveit.b.handitinlater.c.leaveitwithhim.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?a.salespersonandcustomer.b.homeownerandcleaner.c.husbandandwife.14.howmuchrentshouldonepayfortheone⁃bedroomapartment?a.$350.b.$400.c.$415.15.whatkindofapartmentdothespeakersprefer?a.onewithtwobedrooms.b.onewithoutfurniture.c.onenearamarket.16.whereistheapartmentthespeakerswouldliketosee?a.onlakestreet.b.onmarketstreet.c.onsouthstreet.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.howlonghasthespeakerlivedinabigcity?a.oneyear.b.tenyears.c.eighteenyears.18.whatisthespeaker’sopiniononpublictransport?a.it’scomfortable.b.it’stime⁃saving.c.it’scheap.19.whatisgoodaboutlivinginasmalltown?a.it’ssafer.b.it’shealthier.c.it’smoreconvenient.20.whatkindoflifedoesthespeakerseemtolikemost?a.busy.b.colourful.c.quiet.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。avoteforthe2019timeforkidspersonoftheyear!timeflies!beforeweknowit,we’llberingingin2020.thetfkteamistakingalookbackat2019.whowasthemostimportantpersonoftheyear?readontolearnaboutallthenominees（被提名的人）,andthencastyourvote.we’llannouncethewinnerinmid⁃december.nowgettoit!everyvotecounts.since2016,chefjoseandresandtheteamathisnonprofitgroup,worldcentralkitchen,haveprovidedmealstosurvivorsofhurricanes,wildfires,andotheremergencies.in2019,hurricanedorianhitthebahamas.andrésandhisteamsprangintoaction.atpresstime,theyhadservedmorethan1.75millionmealsthere.swedishclimateactivistgretathunberg,16,isthefaceoftheyouthmovementforclimateawareness.inaugust,gretasetoutonazero⁃emissionssailacrosstheatlanticoceantospeaktoworldleadersatthe2019unitednationsclimateactionsummit.shewasnominatedforthisyear’snobelpeaceprizeandcontinuestoinspirepeopleofallagestofightforthehealthofplanetearth.dutchinventorboyanslatfoundedtheoceancleanupin2013.hisgoal:togetridofplasticspollutingtheworld’soceans.thisfall,slatannouncedthatthesystemwasfinallyworking.thedeviceisbeingusedinanareaofthepacificocean.nearly2trillionpiecesoftrashhavecollectedthere.slathopestogethalfofthetrashremovedby2025.authorjasonreynoldshaswrittenmorethanadozenbooksforkids.he’sa2019nationalbookawardsfinalistforyoungpeople’sliterature.inhisbooksandinreallife,reynoldsisconcernedwiththevoicesofblackchildrenandteenagers.in2019,hemadesome50visitstoclassroomsandconferences.hismission:toshowreadersthathevaluestheirstoriesasmuchastheyvaluehis.1.whyisgretanominatedforthisyear’snobelpeaceprize?a.sheisaswedishclimateactivist.b.shefightsforthehealthoftheearth.c.shesailedacrosstheatlanticoceanalone.d.shetriestogetridofplasticsintheoceans.2.whoisconcernedwithblackchildrenandteenagers?a.joseandes. b.boyanslat.c.jasonreynolds. d.gretathunberg.3.whatisthepurposeofthistext?a.toissueanofficialreport. b.tocallonreaderstovote.c.tointroducesomegreatworks. d.tocarryoutaregularreview.【答案】1.b2.c3.b【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了2019年的儿童年度人物相关信息，呼吁读者为他们投票。【1题详解】细节理解题。由gretathunberg中的shewasnominatedforthisyear'snobelpeaceprizeandcontinuestoinspirepeopleofallagestofightforthehealthofplanetearth.可知，她获得了今年的诺贝尔和平奖提名，并继续激励着各个年龄段的人们为地球的健康而奋斗。所以为什么葛丽塔被提名为今年的诺贝尔和平奖候选人是因为她为地球的健康而战。故选b项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由jasonreynolds中的inhisbooksandinreallife,reynoldsisconcernedwiththevoicesofblackchildrenandteenagers.可知，在他的书和现实生活中，雷诺兹关注的是黑人儿童和青少年。所以jasonreynolds关心黑人儿童和青少年。故选c项。【3题详解】推理判断题。由第一段readontolearnaboutallthenominees（被提名的人）,andthencastyourvote.we’llannouncethewinnerinmid⁃december.nowgettoit!everyvotecounts.可知，继续往下读，了解所有提名者，然后投票。我们将在⁃12月中旬宣布获胜者。现在开始吧!每一次投票都计数。由此判断出本文的目的是呼吁读者投票。故选b项。bfrederickphiriisthejunk⁃artkingofzambia:atjust22,hestartedtoearnaninternationalreputationforbeingabletomakecomplexandelegantsculpturesfromscrapmetal（金属废料）foundinhiscommunity.phiri’sfatherdiedwhenhewasstartingprimaryschool.thenhismotherabandonedhimandhehadtostaywithhisgrandfather.hisgrandfatherpaidforhisschoolingthroughprimaryschoolbutwhenheenteredsecondaryschool,hehadtogetvariousjobstopayforhisfees.yeteveninschool,hewasalwaysdrawingandmakingthingsinclass.aftergraduating,hedidwhathecouldtosupporthimselfbymakinganimalsculpturesfromwiresandsoldthemtotourists.hisworkwassopopularthatitcaughttheeyeofkarenbeattie,directorofprojectluangwa,anonprofitdedicatedtoeducationandeconomicdevelopmentincentralafrica.“iintroducedhimtoalocalwelder（焊工）,”beattietoldnewsweek.in2017,phiriworkedwithweldermosesmbeweduringtherainyseason,helpingtomakeacomplexsetofdoorsforprojectluangwa.thepiecesparkedanideainbeattie’smind:“ihandedhimabunchofscrapmetalandsaid,‘makesomethingwiththis.’andhedid.itwaswonderful.”today,phiricontinueshisart,usingpiecesofjunkpeoplebringhim—keys,brokenbikechains,oldmetalplugsandwhateverscrapmetalislyingaround.hethenturnsthejunkintoabstractanimals—elephants,cranes,giraffes,chameleons—andsellsthematprojectluangwaheadquarters.thecommunityhasrecognizedhistalents.“mydreamistoearnenoughtostudyartattheevelynhonecollegeinlusakaandbeabletomakealivingfromit,”phirisaid“.andthentomakeverylargesculptures.”4.whatisphiriknownfor?a.servinghiscommunity.b.collectingworksofart.c.beingthekingofzambia.d.turningtrashintotreasure.5.whatcanwelearnaboutphirifromparagraph2?a.hehadanunhappychildhood.b.hepaidforhisprimaryschool.c.hehadtosupporthisgrandfather.d.hemissedschooltodopart⁃timejobs.6.howdoesphirifeelabouthisfuture?a.uncertain. b.confident.c.depressed. d.satisfied.7.whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?a.aroughroadtosuccessb.thejunkartkingofzambiac.ayoungman’swildestdreamd.themodernjunkworksofart【答案】4.d5.a6.b7.b【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了赞比亚能将金属废物变成精致的雕塑的垃圾艺术之王frederickphiri的相关信息。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第一段frederickphiriisthejunk⁃artkingofzambia:atjust22,hestartedtoearnaninternationalreputationforbeingabletomakecomplexandelegantsculpturesfromscrapmetal（金属废料）foundinhiscommunity.可知，frederickphiri可以把本社区的金属废物变成精致的雕塑，能化废为宝。所以frederickphiri以把垃圾变成财富而闻名。故选d项。【5题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“thenhismotherabandonedhimandhehadtostaywithhisgrandfather.”可知，phiri小时候并不幸福，遭到遗弃，他和爷爷生活在一起。由此判断出从第二段我们可以了解到他有一个不幸的童年。故选a项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段mydreamistoearnenoughtostudyartattheevelynhonecollegeinlusakaandbeabletomakealivingfromit,”phirisaid“.andthentomakeverylargesculptures.”可知，phiri的梦想是挣到足够的钱去卢萨卡的evelynhone学院学习艺术，并以此谋生。然后制作非常大的雕塑。由此判断出phiri对自己的未来充满憧憬，充满自信。故选b项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段frederickphiriisthejunk⁃artkingofzambia:atjust22,hestartedtoearnaninternationalreputationforbeingabletomakecomplexandelegantsculpturesfromscrapmetal（金属废料）foundinhiscommunity.可知，frederickphiri可以把本社区的金属废物变成精致的雕塑，化废为宝。所以短文报道了赞比亚能将金属废物变成精致的雕塑的垃圾艺术之王frederickphiri的相关信息。故短文的最佳标题为“赞比亚的垃圾艺术之王”。故选b项。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。由最后一段mydreamistoearnenoughtostudyartattheevelynhonecollegeinlusakaandbeabletomakealivingfromit,”phirisaid“.andthentomakeverylargesculptures.”可知，“我的梦想是挣到足够的钱去卢萨卡的evelynhone学院学习艺术，并以此谋生，”phiri说。然后制作非常大的雕塑。由此判断出phiri对自己的未来充满憧憬，充满自信。故小题3选b项。canelectricflyingvehiclecalledskaiwasshownyesterdaynearlosangeles,california.skaiismadebyalaka’itechnologies.thevehiclehassixrotors（旋翼）ontheroofandseatsinsideforfivepeople.likeadrone（无人机）,thevehiclefromalaka’itechnologiestakesoffandlandsvertically（垂直地）.it’soneofmanysimilarelectricflyingvehiclesinproduction,includingonesfromboeingandairbus.butmostofthemarepoweredbybatteries,whichcanaddalotofweight.theskaiinsteadusesverylighthydrogenfuelcellstorunitsrotors,givingitarangeof400miles（644kilometers）andthecapacitytocarry1,000pounds（454kilograms）inpeopleorgoods,thecompanysays.alaka’isaysit’splanningatestflightnearitsmassachusettsheadquarters.itwillbeflownbyanon⁃boardpilot（飞行员）,butthetechnologyexiststoeventuallyflyitremotelyandevenautonomously.however,itwillbeyearsbeforethefederalaviationadministration（faa）allowstheautonomousflightofpassengervehicles,saidthaddeuslightfoot,whohelpscompaniesnavigatefaarules.“drone⁃likevehiclessuchastheskaimustfirstsimplyprovetheirairworthiness,likeanycommonplane.afterthat,gettingcommercialcertificationisanothercomplexprocess.thetechnologyisinteresting,buttheregulatoryroadwillbeverylong,”saidlightfoot,addingthattheideaofallowingpeopletoflyinalargeaircraftwithoutapilotis“welloutsidethecurrentregulatorysystem.”hanvey,ceoofalaka’itechnologies,saidthatitcouldtakeatleastadecadebeforethecompanyrealizeshisgoalofelectricflyingvehiclesferryingpassengersovermajorcitiesatnearly120mph.beforethat,hehopestoseeskaiaircraftusedbyfirstresponderstosendinfoodorwaterfollowingdisasterslikehurricanesorwildfires.itcouldalsoserveasamobilecelltower,stayingintheskyforupto10hoursoveraneighborhoodtoprovidecommunicationservices,hesaid.8.whatistheadvantageoftheskai?a.itisquitelight. b.itusesbatteries.c.itcarriesmorepeople. d.itlandsautonomously.9.whatcanweinferaboutthepilotlessflightofpassengervehicles?a.itcostsalot.b.itsavesenergy.c.itisnotreadilyavailablenow.d.itwillsoongetapprovedbyfaa.10.accordingtothaddeuslightfoot,whatshouldtheskaidofirst?a.proveitssafetytofly. b.conductatestflight.c.getacommerciallicense. d.obeytheinternationalairlaw.11.whereistheskaiprobablyfirstusedaccordingtohanvey?a.inthecountryside. b.insomemajorcities.c.inmountainousareas. d.indisaster⁃strickenareas.【答案】8.a9.c10.a11.d【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了一款氢动力空中出租车skai的相关信息。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第二段的butmostofthemarepoweredbybatteries,whichcanaddalotofweight.theskaiinsteadusesverylighthydrogenfuelcellstorunitsrotors.”可知，但是大多数都是由电池供电的，这会增加很多重量。相反，skai使用非常轻的氢燃料电池来驱动它的转子。所以theskai的优点在于其重量很轻。故选a项。【9题详解】推理判断题。由第三段however,itwillbeyearsbeforethefederalaviationadministration（faa）allowstheautonomousflightofpassengervehicles可知，然而，美国联邦航空管理局(faa)还需要数年时间才能允许客运车辆自主飞行。所以判断出关于无人驾驶的客车飞行，我们能推断出现在还不能使用。故选c项。【10题详解】细节理解题。由第四段drone-likevehiclessuchastheskaimustfirstsimplyprovetheirairworthiness,likeanycommonplane.可知，像skai这样的无人驾驶飞行器，必须首先证明它们的适航性，就像任何普通飞机一样。所以根据撒迪厄斯·莱特福特的说法，theskai首先应该证明它飞行的安全性。故选a项。【11题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段beforethat,hehopestoseeskaiaircraftusedbyfirstresponderstosendinfoodorwaterfollowingdisasterslikehurricanesorwildfires.可知，在此之前，他希望看到skai飞机被第一批回应人员用来在飓风或野火等灾难发生后运送食物或水。所以根据汉维的说法，skai最早最先用在受灾地区。故选d项。ddrivingwhiletalkingonthephoneincreasesthelikelihoodofanaccidentandisactuallymoredangerousthandrivingdrunk,u.s.researchersreport.thisholdstruewhetherthedriverisholdingacellphoneorusingahands⁃freedevice.“asasociety,wehaveagreedonnottoleratingtheriskassociatedwithdrunkdriving,”saidresearcherfrankdrews,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheuniversityofutah.“thisstudyshowsusthatsomebodywhoisconversingonacellphoneisexposinghimorherselfandotherstoasimilarrisk—cellphonesactuallyareahigherrisk,”hesaid.inthestudy,40peoplefollowedapacecaralongaprescribedcourse,usingadrivingsimulator（模拟仪）.somepeopledrovewhiletalkingonacellphone,othersdrovewhiledrunk（meaningtheirblood-alcohollimitmatchedthelegallimitof0.08percent）,andothersdrovewithnosuchdistractions.theresearchersfoundanincreasedaccidentratewhenpeoplewereconversingonthecellphone.driversoncellphoneswere5.36timesmorelikelytogetinanaccident.thebottomline:cell⁃phoneusewaslinkedto“asignificantincreaseintheaccidentrate,”drewssaid.thephoneusersdidevenworsethantheinebriated,theutahteamfound.therewerethreeaccidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphones—alloftheminvolvingarear⁃ending（追尾）ofthepacecar.incontrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk.inresponsetosafetyconcerns,somestateshavedeclareditillegaltousehand⁃heldcellphoneswhiledriving.butthattypeoflawmaynotbeeffective,becausetheutahresearchersfoundnodifferenceindriverperformancewhetherthedriverwasholdingthephoneortalkingonahands⁃freemodel.“wehaveseenagainandagainthatthereisnodifferencebetweenhands⁃freeandhand⁃helddevices,”drewssaid.“theproblemistheconversation.thebestsolutiontotheproblemisobvious:don’ttalkonthephonewhileyouaredriving.”12.whichgroupofdriversperformedworstinthestudy?a.thosephoneusers.b.thosewhoaredrunk.c.thosefollowingapacecar.d.thosewithhearingproblems.13.whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theinebriated”inparagraph5referto?a.thedrunkdrivers.b.theresearchers.c.thecell⁃phone⁃freedrivers.d.theutahteam.14.whatcanbeconcludedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?a.driverperformancehasnothingtodowiththeuseofmobilephones.b.itistimelytobantheuseofhand⁃heldphoneswhiledriving.c.theutahresearchersfindthetrafficsafetylawworksaswellasbefore.d.talkingonthephonewhiledrivingshouldbeavoided.15.inwhichsectionofanewspaperisthistextfrom?a.sports.b.economy.c.society.d.entertainment.【答案】12.a13.a14.d15.c【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就司机在驾驶途中拨打或接听电话这一现象可能会造成的一些问题进行了研究和探讨。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第三段theresearchersfoundanincreasedaccidentratewhenpeoplewereconversingonthecellphone.driversoncellphoneswere5.36timesmorelikelytogetinanaccident.可知，研究人员发现，当人们打电话时，事故率会增加。使用手机司机发生交通事故的可能性要高出5.36倍。所以开车打电话的司机在研究中表现最差。故选a项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。由第五段therewerethreeaccidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphones—alloftheminvolvingarear⁃ending（追尾）ofthepacecar.incontrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk.可知，在那些打电话的人当中有三起事故ーー所有这些事故都涉及到跑车的追尾。相比之下，在喝醉的参与者中没有事故记录。由此判断出这里是打电话的驾驶员和那些醉酒的驾驶员作对比，可推出此处theinebriated指代的是醉酒驾驶者。故选a项。【14题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段thebestsolutiontotheproblemisobvious:don’ttalkonthephonewhileyouaredriving.可知，解决这个问题的最好办法很明显：开车时不要打电话。由此判断出从最后两段可以得出的结论是开车时不要打电话。故选d项。【15题详解】推理判断题。本文讲述研究表明开车打电话比酒后驾车更糟。由此判断出此篇属于社会现象类的短文，这篇文章来自报纸的社会版面。故选c项。【点睛】由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。由第五段therewerethreeaccidentsamongthosetalkingoncellphones—alloftheminvolvingarear⁃ending（追尾）ofthepacecar.incontrast,therewerenoaccidentsrecordedamongparticipantswhoweredrunk.可知，在那些打电话的人当中有三起事故ーー所有这些事故都涉及到跑车的追尾。相比之下，在喝醉的参与者中没有事故记录。由此判断出这里是打电话的驾驶员和那些醉酒的驾驶员作对比，可推出此处theinebriated指代的是醉酒驾驶者。故小题2选a项。第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。experienced⁃basededucationeveryoneisfamiliarwithtraditionaleducation.yousitinaclassandateacherteaches.thisisanimportantpartofdevelopment.butatsomepoint,everyindividualhastotakechargeoftheirowneducation.todothis,onemustlookattherootoflearning.___16___basicallyunfamiliarexperiencesusuallyaddmorevaluethanexperiencesthatarefamiliar.___17___andweareinabetterstatetolearnsomethingnew.honestly,someonewhoneverexperiencesthesamethingtwicewillneverhaveachancetobenefitfromanythinglearned.however,newexperiencesaregenerallywhatmakepeopleinterestingandpushthemtogrow.highschoolisanewexperience.collegeisanewexperience.however,atsomepointtraditionaleducationbecomesrepetitive.itisnotthatyouwon’tlearnanythingelse,butthattheenvironmentissofamiliar.___18___tosolvethis,anindividualneedstointroducenewexperiencesintotheirlife.youmayspendasummerinadifferentpartofthecountryorlearnanewlanguagethroughtrialanderror.youcanalsogotoadrive⁃inmovie（orsomeotherentertainmenteventthatisnewtoyou）.___19___thesetypesofexperiencesoftenresultinverylittle“bookknowledge”.instead,theywilloftenprovideyouwithabetterunderstandingofyourselfasyouexperienceyourreactiontodifferentsituations.____20____itcanbeinvaluableforyoutoworkeffectivelywithothers.becomingawell⁃roundedhumanisn’tsomethingthathappensbyaccident.youcanspendyourentirelifetimedevelopingyourpotential.a.haseducationchangedsomuchinthelastdecade?b.theywillalsoprovideyouwithabetterunderstandingofothers.c.thosenewexperiencesmaynotleadtogreatpersonaldevelopment.d.theseareallthingsthatcanstretchandexpandyourexperienceinlife.e.thisisbecauseunfamiliarexperiencesrequiremuchmoreofourattention.f.asaresult,youcaneasilybecomelessawareofyourexperienceandnotlearnasmuch.g.whatmakessomeexperiencesaddgreatvaluetoourliveswhileotherexperiencesdonot?【答案】16.g17.e18.f19.d20.b【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了是什么让一些经历给我们的生活增加了巨大的价值，而另一些却没有。【16题详解】由下文basically,unfamiliarexperiencesusuallyaddmorevaluethanexperiencesthatarefamiliar.可知，基本上，不熟悉的经历通常比熟悉的经历更有价值。所以上文是对选项的回答，且选项统领全文。故g选项“是什么让一些经历为我们的生活增添了巨大的价值，而另一些却没有?”切题。故选g项。【17题详解】由下文andweareinabetterstatetolearnsomethingnew.可知，我们处在一个更好的状态，会学习一些新的东西。所以选项与后一句为并列关系，且在解释选项上一句的原因。故e选项“这是因为不熟悉的经历需要我们更多的注意力”切题。故选e项。【18题详解】由前文itisnotthatyouwon’tlearnanythingelse,butthattheenvironmentissofamiliar.可知，这并不是说你不会学到别的东西，而是环境太熟悉了。所以选项与前句为因果关系。故f选项“因此，你很容易对自己的经验缺乏意识，也学不到很多东西”切题。故选f项。【19题详解】由前文youmayspendasummerinadifferentpartofthecountryorlearnanewlanguagethroughtrialanderror.youcanalsogotoadrive⁃inmovie（orsomeotherentertainmenteventthatisnewtoyou）可知，你可以在一个不同的地方度过一个夏天，或者通过反复试验来学习一门新的语言。你也可以看汽车电影(或其他娱乐事件这对你来说都是新的)。所以选项是对空前所叙述的三个例子的总结。故d选项“这些都可以扩展你的生活经验”切题。故选d项。【20题详解】由前文instead,theywilloftenprovideyouwithabetterunderstandingofyourselfasyouexperienceyourreactiontodifferentsituations.可知，相反，它们会让你在体验不同情况下的反应时，更好地了解自己。所以选项与前文话题相关且为并列关系。故b选项“他们也会让你更好地理解别人”切题。故选b项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。colorado’sgrayspeak（格雷斯峰）rises14,278feetabovesealevel,highenoughthattreescan’tgrowtowardthetop.itwasinthisdifficultenvironmentthatcindywas____21____enoughtoinjureherleftknee.itwasaugust2018,andcindy,56,wasonherwaybackdownthetrail（小路）withthreefriends.asastormwascoming,theywere___22___togetoffthemountain.whenthey___23___arockydropofacoupleoffeet,cindy____24____thatinsteadofmovingdownslowly—thesafewaytogo—shewould___25___.shelandedonherleftleg.thenshefeltasharp___26___inherleg.every____27____afterthatwasextremelypainful.beforelong,shehadto____28____.asonefriendrandowntoget___29___,anumberofotherhikers,allstrangers,___30___tohelpcindydownthenarrowtrailbywalkingoneithersideofhertosupporther___31___,butthatprovedslowanddangerous.finally,onehiker,matt,askedher,“howdoyoufeelaboutafireman’s___32___?”beforesheknewit,hehad___33___heroverhisshoulder.“now,i’mnottiny,”sayscindy,aformercollegebasketballstar.___34___mattcouldn’tcarryherallthewaydownbyhimself.sosixhikersandoneofherfriends___35___carryingher.threehoursandtworock⁃strewnmileslater,thishumanconveyorbelt___36___themedicalworkersintheend,who___37___cindytothenearbyhospital.nowshehasmostly____38____fromherunluckyhike,butcindyknowsshe’llnevershakeonethingfromthatday:the___39___ofthebandofstrangerswhocametoher___40___.“i’mstillmovedtotears.”21.a.uncertain b.strange c.surprised d.unfortunate22.a.serious b.anxious c.afraid d.normal23.a.cleared b.visited c.missed d.approached24.a.decided b.noticed c.complained d.reminded25.a.return b.arrive c.jump d.wait26.a.pain b.drop c.shock d.relief27.a.goal b.step c.choice d.stage28.a.leave b.continue c.follow d.stop29.a.money b.advice c.help d.courage30.a.happened b.attempted c.refused d.hesitated31.a.weight b.family c.opinion d.equipment32.a.carry b.image c.career d.style33.a.touched b.seized c.threw d.lifted34.a.bravely b.naturally c.clearly d.gradually35.a.putoff b.tookturns c.burstout d.feltlike36.a.met b.recognized c.ordered d.escaped37.a.introduced b.allowed c.invited d.rushed38.a.travelled b.recovered c.regretted d.suffered39.a.experience b.practice c.memory d.excitement40.a.contact b.senses c.rescue d.terms【答案】21.d22.b23.d24.a25.c26.a27.b28.d29.c30.b31.a32.a33.d34.c35.b36.a37.d38.b39.c40.c【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了cindy在下山时不幸伤到了她的左侧膝盖，得到一群陌生人的帮助，她的朋友以及其他的登山客组成一条“人肉”传送带，用接力的方式将她背下山的故事。这使cindy终生难忘他们的帮助。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是在这种恶劣的地形下，cindy不幸伤到了她的左侧膝盖。a.uncertain不确定的;b.strange陌生的；c.surprised惊讶的；d.unfortunate不幸运的。由injureherleftknee可知，cindy伤到了她的左侧膝盖，这是很不幸地。故选d项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨就要来了，他们急着要下山。a.serious严肃的；b.anxious焦虑的；c.afraid害怕的；d.normal正常的。由asastormwascoming可知，暴风雨就要来了，他们急着要下山。故选b项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们接近几英尺高的岩石落差时，cindy决定，与其一扭一摆得下去——这是一种安全的方式——不如纵身一跳。a.cleared清理；b.visited参观；c.missed想念；d.approached接近。由前文可知，暴风雨就要来了，他们急着要下山，这时他们接近几英尺高的岩石落差。故选d项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们接近几英尺高的岩石落差时，cindy决定，与其一扭一摆得下去——这是一种安全的方式——不如纵身一跳。a.decided决定；b.noticed注意；c.complained抱怨；d.reminded想起。由insteadofmovingdownslowly—thesafewaytogo—shewould___5___可知，这是cindy做出的决定。故选a项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们接近几英尺高的岩石落差时，cindy决定，与其一扭一摆得下去——这是一种安全的方式——不如纵身一跳。a.return返回；b.arrive到达；c.jump跳跃；d.wait等待。由arockydropofacoupleoffeet可知，cindy纵身一跳。故选c项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她感到腿部一阵剧痛。a.pain痛苦；b.drop降落；c.shock震惊；d.relief宽慰。由afterthatwasextremelypainful可知，cindy感到腿部一阵剧痛。故选a项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：之后的每一步都是痛苦的。a.goal目标；b.step步骤；c.choice选择；d.stage阶段。根据常识可知，腿部一阵剧痛，每走一步都很疼痛。故选b项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意：不久，她不得不停下来。a.leave离开；b.continue继续；c.follow跟谁；d.stop停止。疼痛难忍，所以cindy停了下来。故选d项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个朋友跑下来寻求帮助时，许多其他的徒步旅行者，都是陌生人，尝试在cindy两边架着支撑她的体重来帮助她走下狭窄的山路，但是这样既缓慢又危险。a.money钱；b.advice建议；c.help帮助；d.courage勇气。由下文thishumanconveyorbelt___16___themedicalworkersintheend,who___17___cindytothenearbyhospital.可知，cindy的一个朋友跑下来寻求帮助。故选c项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个朋友跑下来寻求帮助时，许多其他的徒步旅行者，都是陌生人，尝试在cindy两边架着支撑她的体重来帮助她走下狭窄的山路，但是这样既缓慢又危险。a.happened发生；b.attempted尝试；c.refused拒绝；d.hesitated犹豫。由上文可知，cindy得左侧膝盖受伤，不能行走，所以陌生人尝试在cindy两边架着支撑她的体重来帮助她走下狭窄的山路。以免使cindy感到痛苦。故选b项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一个朋友跑下来寻求帮助时，许多其他的徒步旅行者，都是陌生人，尝试在cindy两边架着支撑她的体重来帮助她走下狭窄的山路，但是这样既缓慢又危险。a.weight重量；b.family家庭；c.opinion观点；d.equipment装备。由bywalkingoneithersideofher可知，两边架着cindy是为了吃撑她的体重，减轻腿部压力，以免造成损伤和疼痛。故选a项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，有个登山者马特问她，“你觉得让一个消防员扛着你怎么样？a.carry运载；携带；b.image映像；c.career职业；d.style风格。由mattcouldn'tcarryherallthewaydownbyhimself.可知，马特扛起了cindy。故选a项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：cindy还没反应过来时，他已经将她举到自己的肩上。a.touched触摸；b.seized夺取；c.threw投；d.lifted抬起。由overhisshoulder可知，马特将cindy举到了自己的肩上。故选d项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：马特显然不能一直扛着她下山。a.bravely勇敢地；b.naturally自然地；c.clearly显然地；d.gradually逐渐地。由sosixhikersandoneofherfriends___15___carryingher.可知，马特显然不能一直扛着她下山。故选c项。【35题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以6个登山者和她的一个朋友轮流扛着她下山。a.putoff推迟；b.tookturns轮流；c.burstout突然……起来；d.feltlike想要。6个登山者和她的一个朋友轮流扛着她下山，毕竟每个人的体力都是有限的。故选b项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个小时后，他们走过两英里的遍地岩石的山路后，终于遇到了医护人员，他们把韦德尔施泰特送到了医院。a.met遇见；b.recognized认出；c.ordered命令；d.escaped逃跑。由who___17___cindytothenearbyhospital.可知，他们终于遇到了医护人员。故选a项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个小时后，他们走过两英里的遍地岩石的山路后，终于遇到了医护人员，他们把cindy赶紧送到了医院。a.introduced介绍；b.allowed允许；c.invited邀请；d.rushed赶紧送。根据常识可知，受伤的病人应该赶紧送到了医院，争取最佳治疗时间。故选d项。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：cindy基本上已经从这次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢复过来了，但是她知道从那天起她将永远无法忘记一件事：一群陌生人救了她，使她终生难忘。“我仍然心怀敬畏。”。a.travelled旅行；b.recovered恢复；c.regretted后悔；d.suffered遭受。cindy接受了治疗，基本上已经从这次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢复过来了。recoverfrom“从中恢复过来”。故选b项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：cindy基本上已经从这次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢复过来了，但是她知道从那天起她将永远无法忘记一件事：一群陌生人救了她，使她终生难忘。“我仍然心怀敬畏”a.experience经验；b.practice实践；c.memory记忆；d.excitement兴奋。由副词“now”可知，现在，基本上已经从这次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢复过来了。所以她不会忘记的是过去的记忆。故选c项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：cindy基本上已经从这次倒霉的徒步旅行中恢复过来了，但是她知道从那天起她将永远无法忘记一件事：一群陌生人救了她，使她终生难忘。“我仍然心怀敬畏。”a.contact联系；b.senses感觉；c.rescue救助；d.terms。学期。由上文可知，一群陌生人救助了cindy。使cindy终生难忘。故选c项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。everyoneisfamiliarwithato⁃dolist,butmostpeopl