人教版高中英语必修5各单元课文原文

Unit1GreatscientistsJOHHSHOWDEFEATSKINGCHOLERA”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16,37,38and40).Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Bothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.Finally"KingCholera"wasdefeated.COPERNICUS'REVOLUTIONRRYTHEORYNicolausCopernicuswasfrightenedandhismindwasconfused.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.YethecouldnottellanyoneabouthistheoryasthepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialandmustbethecentreofthesolarsystem.Theproblemarosebecauseastronomershadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseemedtostop,movebackwardandthengoforwardinaloop.Othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers.Thiswasverystrangeiftheearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemandallplanetswentroundit.Copernicushadthoughtlongandhardabouttheseproblemsandtriedtofindananswer.Hehadcollectedobservationsofthestarsandusedallhismathematicalknowledgetoexplainthem.Butonlyhisnewtheorycoulddothat.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.In1514heshoweditprivatelytohisfriends.Thechangeshemadetotheoldtheorywererevolutionary.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.Healsosuggestedthattheearthwasspinningasitwentroundthesunandthisexplainedchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightnessofthestars.Hisfriendswereenthusiasticandencouragedhimtopublishhisideas,butCopernicuswascautious.HedidnotwanttobeattackedbytheChristianChurch,soheonlypublisheditashelaydyingin1543.Certainlyhewasrighttobecareful.TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,sayingitwasagainstGod'sideaandpeoplewhosupporteditwouldbeattacked.YetCopernicus'theoryisnowthebasisonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravity,whichsaidthingsfelltoearthbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheuniverse.Copernicusshowedthiswasobviouslywrong.NowpeoplecanseethatthereisadirectlinkbetweenhistheoryandtheworkofIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinandStephenHawking.Unit2TheUnitedKingdomPUZZLESINGEOGRAPHYPeoplemaywonderwhydifferentwordsareusedtodescribethesefourcountries:England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.YoucanclarifythisquestionifyoustudyBritishhistory.FirsttherewasEngland.Waleswaslinkedtoitinthethirteenthcentury.NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludedaswell.NextEnglandandWaleswerejoinedtoScotlandintheseventeenthcenturyandthenamewaschangedto"GreatBritain".HappilythiswasaccomplishedwithoutconflictwhenKingJamesofScotlandbecameKingofEnglandandWalesaswell.FinallytheEnglishgovernmenttriedintheearlytwentiethcenturytoformtheUnitedKingdombygettingIrelandconnectedinthesamepeacefulway.However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment.SoonlyNorthernIrelandjoinedwithEngland,WalesandScotlandtobecometheUnitedKingdomandthiswasshowntotheworldinanewflagcalledtheUnionJack.Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas(eg,thecurrencyandinternationalrelations),buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.Forexample,NorthernIreland,EnglandandScotlandhavedifferenteducationalandlegalsystemsaswellasdifferentfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andforconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.ThezonenearestFranceiscalledtheSouthofEngland,themiddlezoneiscalledtheMidlandsandtheonenearesttoScotlandisknownastheNorth.Youfindmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouth,butmostoftheindustrialcitiesintheMidlandsandtheNorthofEngland.Although,nationwide,thesecitiesarenotaslargeasthoseinChina,theyhaveworld-famousfootballteamsandsomeofthemevenhavetwo!Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.ForhistoricalarchitectureyouhavetogotoolderbutsmallertownsbuiltbytheRomans.ThereyouwillfindoutmoreaboutBritishhistoryandculture.ThegreatesthistoricaltreasureofallisLondonwithitsmuseums,artcollections,theatres,parksandbuildings.Itisthecentreofnationalgovernmentanditsadministration.IthastheoldestportbuiltbytheRomansinthefirstcenturyAD,theoldestbuildingbegunbytheAnglo-Saxonsinthe1060sandtheoldestcastleconstructedbylaterNormanrulersin1066.TherehasbeenfoursetsofinvadersofEngland.Thefirstinvaders,theRomans,lefttheirtownsandroads.Thesecond,theAnglo-Saxons,lefttheirlanguageandtheirgovernment.Thethird,theVikings,influencedthevocabularyandplace-namesoftheNorthofEngland,andthefourth,theNormans,leftcastlesandintroducednewwordsforfood.IfyoulookaroundtheBritishcountrysideyouwillfindevidenceofalltheseinvaders.YoumustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomenjoyableandworthwhile.SIGHTSEEINGINLONDONWorriedaboutthetimeavailable,ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon.HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.ItwasbuiltlongagobytheNormaninvadersofAD1066.Fancy!Thissolidstone,squaretowerhadremainedstandingforonethousandyears.Althoughthebuildingshadexpandedaroundit,itremainedpartofaroyalpalaceandprisoncombined.Tohergreatsurprise,ZhangPingyufoundtheQueen'sjewelsguardedbyspecialroyalsoldierswho,onspecialoccasions,stillworethefour-hundred-year-olduniformofthetimeofQueenElizabethI.TherefollowedStPaul'sCathedralbuiltaftertheterriblefireofLondonin1666.Itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt!WestminsterAbbey,too,wasveryinteresting.Itcontainedstatuesinmemoryofdeadpoetsandwriters,suchasShakespeare.Thenjustasshecameoutoftheabbey,Pingyuheardthefamoussoundoftheclock,BigBen,ringingoutthehour.ShefinishedthedaybylookingattheoutsideofBuckinghamPalace,theQueen'shouseinLondon.Oh,shehadsomuchtotellherfriends!TheseconddaythegirlvisitedGreenwichandsawitsoldshipsandfamousclockthatsetstheworldtime.Whatinterestedhermostwasthelongitudeline.Itisanimaginarylinedividingtheeasternandwesternhalvesoftheworldandisveryusefulfornavigation.ItpassesthroughGreenwich,soPingyuhadaphototakenstandingoneithersideoftheline.ThelastdayshevisitedKarlMarx'sstatueinHighgateCemetery.ItseemedstrangethatthemanwhohaddevelopedcommunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.Notonlythat,buthehadworkedinthefamousreadingroomoftheLibraryoftheBritishMuseum.Sadlythelibraryhadmovedfromitsoriginalplaceintoanotherbuildingandtheoldreadingroomwasgone.Butshewasthrilledbysomanywonderfultreasuresfromdifferentculturesdisplayedinthemuseum.WhenshesawmanyvisitorsenjoyinglookingatthebeautifuloldChinesepotsandotherobjectsonshow,shefeltveryproudofhercountry.ThenextdayPingyuwasleavingLondonforWindsorCastle."PerhapsIwillseetheQueen?"shewonderedasshefellasleep.Unit3LifeinthefutureFIRSTIMPRESSIONSSpacemall:liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceS15/11/3008(Earthtime)DearMumandDad,IstillcannotbelievethatIamtakingupthisprizethatIwonlastyear.IhavetoremindmyselfconstantlythatIamreallyinAD3008.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Asaresult,IsufferedfromTimelag"This.issimilartothejetlagyou“getfromflying,butitseemsyoukeepgettingflashbacksfromyourprevioustimeperiod.SoIwasverynervousanduncertainatfirst.However,myfriendandguide,WangPing,wasveryunderstandingandgavemesomegreentabletswhichhelpedalot.Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents'company,called"FutureTours",transportedmesafelyintothefutureinatimecapsule.Icanstillrememberthemomentwhenthespacestewardesscalledusalltothecapsuleandweclimbedinthroughasmallopening.Theseatswerecomfortableandafteracalmingdrink,wefeltsleepyandclosedoureyes.Thecapsulebeganswinginggentlysidewaysaswelayrelaxedanddreaming.Afewminuteslater,thejourneywascompletedandwehadarrived.Iwasstillontheearthbutonethousandyearsinthefuture.WhatwouldIfind?Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.Theairseemedthin,asthoughitscombinationofgaseshadlittleoxygenleft.Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.JustasItriedtomakethenecessaryadjustmenttothisnewsituation,WangPingappeared."Putonthismask,"headvised."It'llmakeyoufeelmuchbetter."Hehandedittomeandimmediatelyhurriedmethroughtoasmallroomnearbyforarest.Ifeltbetterinnotime.SoonIwasbackonmyfeetagainandfollowinghimtocollectahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer.Thesecarriagesfloatabovethegroundandbybendingorpressingdowninyourseat,youcanmoveswiftly.WangPingfastenedmysafetybeltandshowedmehowtouseit.SoonIcouldflyasfastashim.However,IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereachedwhatlookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.Hewassweptupintothecentreofthem.JustatthatmomentIhada"timelag"flashbackandsawtheareaagainasithadbeenintheyearAD2008.IrealizedthatIhadbeentransportedintothefutureofwhatwasstillmyhometown!ThenIcaughtsightofWangPingagainandflewafterhim.Arrivingatastrange-lookinghouse,heshowedmeintoalarge,brightcleanroom.Ithadagreenwall,abrownfloorandsoftlighting.Suddenlythewallmoved-itwasmadeoftrees!Ifoundlaterthattheirleavesprovidedtheroomwithmuch-neededoxygen.ThenWangPingflashedaswitchonacomputerscreen,andatableandsomechairsrosefromunderthefloorasifbymagic."Whynotsitdownandeatalittle?"hesaid."Youmayfindthisdifficultasitisyourfirsttimetraveltrip.Justrelax,sincethereisnothingplannedonthetimetabletoday.Tomorrowyou'llbereadyforsomevisits."Havingsaidthis,hespreadsomefoodonthetable,andproducedabedfromthefloor.Afterheleft,Ihadabriefmealandahotbath.Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.Morenewslaterfromyourlovingson,LiQiangIHAVESEENAMAZINGTHINGSMyfirstvisitwastoaspacestationconsideredthemostmodeminspace.Describedasanenormousroundplate,itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitatethepulloftheearth'sgravity.Insidewasanexhibitionofthemostup-to-dateinventionsofthe31stcentury.Aguide(G)showedusaroundalongamoveablepath.G:Goodmorningtoallourvisitorsfrom2008.Firstwe'regoingtoexamineoneofthelatestformsofcommunicationamongourspacecitizens.Nomoretypistsworkingonatypewriterorcomputer!Nomorepostageorpostcodes!Messagescannowbesentusinga"thoughtpad".Youplacethemetalbandoveryourhead,clearyourmind,pressthesendingbutton,thinkyourmessageandthenextinstantit'ssent.It'sstoredonthe"thoughtpad"ofthereceiver.It'squick,efficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.Theonlylimitationisiftheuserdoesnotthinkhisorhermessageclearly,anunclearmessagemaybesent.Butwecannotblamethetoolsforthefaultsoftheuser,canwe?DuringtheexplanationIlookedatthepairofsmallobjectscalled"thoughtpads"onatable.Theyjustlookedlikemetalribbons.Soordinarybutsopowerful!WhileIwasobservingthem,thepathmoveduson.G:Andnowladiesandgentlemen,weareinthe"environmentarea".Peopleusedtocollectwasteindustbins.Thentherubbishwassenttobeburiedorburned,amIfight?(Wenodded.)Well,nowthere'sasystemwherethewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.Agiantmachine,alwaysgreedyformore,swallowsallthewasteavailable.Therubbishisturnedintoseveralgradesofusefulmaterial,suchas"fertilizer"forthefieldsand"soil"fordeserts.Nothingiswasted,andeverything,evenplasticbags,isrecycled.Agreatidea,isn't'it?Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,absorbedbyitsefficiency.Butagainwemovedon.G:Ourthirdstopshowsthechangesthathavehappenedtoworkpractices.Manufacturingnolongertakesplaceontheearthbutonspacestationslikethisone.Agroupofengineersprogrammerobotstoperformtasksinspace.Therobotsproducegoodssuchasdrugs,clothes,furniture,hoveringcarriages,etc.Thereisnowaste,nopollutionandnoenvironmentaldamage!However,thecompanieshavetotraintheirrepresentativestoliveandworkinspacesettlements.Theyhavetomonitortherobotsandtheproduction.Whenthegoodsarereadythey'retransportedbyindustrialspaceshipbacktoearth.Mymindbegantowander.WhatjobwouldIdo?MymotivationincreasedasIthoughtofthewonderfulworldofthefuture.Unit4MakingthenewsMYFIRSTWORKASSIGNMENT"Unforgettable",saysnewjournalistNeverwillZhouYang(ZY)forgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin(HX),wastostronglyinfluencehislifeasajournalist.HX:Welcome.We'redelightedyou'recomingtoworkwithus.Yourfirstjobherewillbeanassistantjournalist.Doyouhaveanyquestions?ZY:CanIgooutonastoryimmediately?HX:(laughing)That'sadmirable,butI'mafraiditwouldbeunusual!Waittillyou'remoreexperienced.Firstwe'llputyouasanassistanttoanexperiencedjournalist.Lateryoucancoverastoryandsubmitthearticleyourself.ZY:Wonderful.WhatdoIneedtotakewithme?Ialreadyhaveanotebookandcamera.HX:Noneedforacamera.You'llhaveaprofessionalphotographerwithyoutotakephotographs.You'llfindyourcolleaguesveryeagertoassistyou,soyoumaybeabletoconcentrateonphotographylaterifyou'reinterested.ZY:Thankyou.NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.HX:Good.ZY:WhatdoIneedtorememberwhenIgoouttocoverastory?HX:Youneedtobecurious.Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformationyouneedtoknow.Wesayagoodjournalistmusthaveagood"nose"forastory.Thatmeansyoumustbeabletoassesswhenpeoplearenottellingthewholetrothandthentrytodiscoverit.Theymustuseresearchtoinformthemselvesofthemissingpartsofthestory.ZY:WhatshouldIkeepinmind?HX:Herecomesmylistofdosanddon'ts:don'tmissyourdeadline,don'tberode,don'ttalktoomuch,butmakesureyoulistentotheintervieweecarefully.ZY:Whyislisteningsoimportant?HX:Well,youhavetolistenfordetailedfacts.Meanwhileyouhavetopreparethenextquestiondependingonwhatthepersonsays.ZY:ButhowcanIlistencarefullywhiletakingnotes?HX:Thisisatrickofthetrade,Iftheintervieweeagrees,youcanusearecordertogetthefactsstraight.It'salsousefulifapersonwantstochallengeyou.Youhavetheevidencetosupportyourstory.ZY:Isee!Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomeoneaccusedyourjournalistsofgettingthewrongendofthestick?HX:Yes,butitwasalongtimeago.Thisishowthestorygoes.Afootballerwasaccusedoftakingmoneyfordeliberatelynotscoringgoalssoastolettheotherteamwin.Wewenttointerviewhim.Hedeniedtakingmoneybutweweresceptical.Sowearrangedaninterviewbetweenthefootballerandthemansupposedtobribehim.Whenwesawthemtogetherweguessedfromthefootballer'sbodylanguagethathewasnottellingthetruth.Sowewroteanarticlesuggestinghewasguilty.Itwasadilemmabecausethefootballercouldhavedemandeddamagesifwewerewrong.Hetriedtostopuspublishingitbutlaterwewereprovedright.ZY:Wow!Thatwasareal"scoop".I'mlookingforwardtomyfirstassignmentnow.PerhapsI'llgetascooptoo!HX:Perhapsyouwill.Youneverknow.GETTINGTHE"SCOOP""Quick,"saidtheeditor."Getthatstoryready.Weneeditinthiseditiontobeaheadoftheothernewspapers.Thisisascoop."ZhouYanghadjustcomebackintotheofficeafteraninterviewwithafamousfilmstar."Didhereallydothat?"askedsomeonefromtheInternationalNewsDepartment."Yes,I'mafraidhedid,"ZhouYanganswered.Hesettowork.Hisfirsttaskwastowritehisstory,buthehadtodoitcarefully.Althoughherealizedthemanhadbeenlying,ZhouYangknewhemustnotaccusehimdirectly.Hewouldhavetobeaccurate.Concisetoo!Heknewhowtodothat.Monthsoftraininghadtaughthimtowritewithnowastedwordsorphrases.Hesatdownathiscomputerandbegantowork.Thefirstpersonwhosawhisarticlewasasenioreditorfromhisdepartment.Hecheckedtheevidence,readthearticleandpasseditontothecopy-editor.Shebegantoeditthepieceanddesignthemainheadlineandsmallerheading.?0Thiswilllooverygoodonthepage,?±shesaid."Whereisagoodpictureofthisman?"ThenasthearticlewasgoingtobewritteninEnglishZhouYangalsotookacopytothenativespeakeremployedbythenewspapertopolishthestyle.ShewasalsoveryhappywithZhouYang'sstory."Youarereallyabletowriteagoodfrontpagearticle,"shesaid.ZhouYangsmiledwithhappiness.Lastofall,thechiefeditorreaditandapprovedit."Welldone,"hesaidtoZhouYang."Butpleaseshowmeyourevidencesowe'resurewe'vegotourfactsstraight.?±？°I?Ilbringittoyouimmediately,"saidZhouYangexcitedly.Thenewsdeskeditortookthestoryandbegantoworkonallthestoriesandphotosuntilallthepageswereset.Alltheinformationwasthenreadytobeprocessedintofilmnegatives.Thiswasthefirststageoftheprintingprocess.Theyneededfournegatives,asseveralcoloursweregoingtobeusedonthestory.Eachofthemaincolourshadonenegativesheetandwhentheywerecombinedtheymadeacolouredpageforthenewspaper.Afteronelastcheckthepagewasreadytobeprinted.ZhouYangwaitedexcitedlyforthefirstcopiestobeready."Wait611tonight,"hisfriendwhispered."Iexpecttherewillbesomethingaboutthisonthetelevisionnews.Arealscoop!"Unit5FirstaidFIRSTAIDFORBURNSTheskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyanditslargestorgan.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,poisonsandthesun'sharmfulrays.Thefunctionsofyourskinarealsoverycomplex:itkeepsyouwarmorcool;itpreventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater;itiswhereyoufeelcold,heatorpainanditgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburneditcanbeveryserious.Firstaidisaveryimportantfirststepinthetreatmentofbums.CausesofburnsYoucangetburnedbyavarietyofthings:hotliquids,steam,fire,radiation(bybeingclosetohighheatorfire,etc),thesun,electricityorchemicals.TypesofburnsTherearethreetypesofburns.Burnsarecalledfirst,secondorthirddegreeburns,dependingonwhichlayersoftheskinareburned.FirstdegreeburnsTheseaffectonlythetoplayeroftheskin.Theseburnsarenotseriousandshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwo.Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,stoveorironforamordent.SeconddegreeburnsTheseaffectboththetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.Thesebumsareseriousandtakeafewweekstoheal.Examplesincludeseveresunburnandbumscausedbyhotliquids.ThirddegreeburnsTheseaffectallthreelayersoftheskinandanytissueandorgansundertheskin.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks,burningclothes,orseverepetrolfires.Theseburnscauseverysevereinjuriesandthevictimmustgotohospitalatonce.CharacteristicsofburnsFirstdegreeburnsdry,redandmildlyswollenmildlypainfulturnwhitewhenpressedSeconddegreeburnsrough,redandswollenblisterswaterysurfaceextremelypainfulThirddegreeburnsblackandwhiteandcharredswollen;oftentissueunderthemcanbeseenlittleornopainifnervesaredamaged;maybepainaroundedgeofinjuredarea.FirstaidtreatmentRemoveclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.Takeoffotherclothingandjewelleryneartheburn.Coolburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.Itisbesttoplaceburn