教学山东省滨州市2020年高考英语二轮复习专题课件：词汇变化知识-

课题：词汇变化知识（一）高三英语课题：词汇变化知识（一）1复习专题14词汇变化知识（一）复习专题14词汇变化知识（一）2解读高考《普通高中英语课程标准（2017）》明确指出：高中学生应该学习和掌握英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容。考查学生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。语法填空更侧重考查学生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。解读高考《普通高中英语课程标准（2017）》明确指出：高中学3技巧点拨语法填空中，当空格处所需词性与括号中所给词的词性不同时，就需要词性转化。我们可根据以下3条规则顺利解题：1、作主语或宾语用名词形式；2、作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；3、修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。技巧点拨语法填空中，当空格处所需词性与括号中所给词的词性不同4解题技巧第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词性。注意事项：语法填空中注意词性转换，阅读理解中还要考虑表示相反意义的词的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺。解题技巧第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分5考点分布内容形式2019全国卷Ⅰ2019全国卷Ⅱ2019全国卷Ⅲ2018全国卷Ⅰ2018全国卷Ⅱ2018全国卷Ⅲ2017全国卷Ⅰ2017全国卷Ⅱ2017全国卷Ⅲ2016全国卷Ⅰ2016全国卷Ⅱ2016全国卷Ⅲ形变副111111111比较级11111形变名1动变名1111111111名变形11111考点分布内容形式2019全国卷Ⅰ2019全国卷Ⅱ2019全国6考点点拨形容词→副词形容词→比较级/最高级形容词→名词动词→名词动词/名词→形容词变动词的前缀与后缀表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀与后缀考点点拨形容词→副词形容词→比较级/最高级形容词→名词动词→7要点一：形容词变副词①（2019·全国II卷）Heryearsofhardworkhave_____(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.②

(similar),whenRonWebsterborrowedabookfromthelibraryoftheUniversityofLiverpool,heforgottoreturnit,too.③(2019·江西红色七校一联)Hesatdownandstarted

(gentle)talkingtothedog.④Andyouwill________(possible)findpropersolutionswiththehelpofyourschoolmates.gently

finally

Similarly

possibly

要点一：形容词变副词①（2019·全国II卷）Herye8要点一：形容词变副词⑤（20019·浙江）Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan

_____(easy)seethem.

⑥I’m___(true)sorrythatthingshadtoendlikethis.⑦Therehavebeensomeproblemsbut________(basic)it’sagoodsystem.truly

easily规则:1.一般情况直接加-ly;2.以辅音字母＋-y结尾，把y变i加-ly;3.以-le结尾，去e加-y;4.以元音字母＋e结尾，去e加-ly;5.以-able/-ible结尾，去e加-y;6.以-ll结尾；只加-y;7.以-ic结尾，加-ally。basically

要点一：形容词变副词⑤（20019·浙江）Whenthe9要点二：形容词比较级和最高级①（2019·全国Ⅰ）Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare_____(high)thantheyactuallyare.②Thefilmis_____________(interest)thananyotheronethatIhaveeverseen.

③Themorehetalked,the______(angry)hebecame.highermoreinterestingangrier注意：少数几个双音节词有两种比较级和最高级，如：clever/simple规则:1.一般情况加-er或-est;2.以字母e结尾只加-r或-st;3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母后再加-er或-est;4.以辅音字母+-y结尾的词，把y变成i，再加-er或-est;5.其他双音节和多音节词，在形容词前加more或most.要点二：形容词比较级和最高级①（2019·全国Ⅰ）Scien10要点三：形容词变名词①(2019·龙岩质检)MyEnglishimprovedalot;moreimportantly,Igainedmuch

(confident).②(2019·九江模拟)Thatlittleactof

(kind)madeeveryonewhosawitfeelgood—butitmademefeelthebestofall!③Asix-monthtrialfoundthatpayingpeopletocycletoworkdidincreasethenumberofpeopledoingso,butthe_______(major)hadbeenusingpublictransport,ratherthanprivatevehicles.confidencekindnessmajority要点三：形容词变名词①(2019·龙岩质检)MyEngli11后缀例词­ageshort→shortage不足；短缺­cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密­y­ty­itydifficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；残疾responsible→responsibility责任­domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧规则后缀例词­ageshort→shortage12后缀例词­cedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默­nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗­thstrong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情true→truth真相wide→width宽度规则后缀例词­cedifferent→difference13挑战记忆力1.differentadj.→__________n.2.shortadj.→__________n.3.strongadj.→__________n.4.trueadj.→__________n.5.disableadj.→__________n.6.accurateadj.→__________n.7.efficientadj.→__________n.8.wiseadj.→__________n.9.crueladj.→__________n.10.kindadj.→__________n.strengthshortagedifferencetruthdisabilityaccuracyefficiencywisdomcrueltykindness挑战记忆力1.differentadj.→_______14要点四：动词变名词①(2019·全国卷I改编)Itleadstoa_____(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreased

________(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe__________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.④(2019·河北定州中学模拟)Without

_________(hesitate),Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.pollutionintroductionhesitationbelief要点四：动词变名词①(2019·全国卷I改编)Itlead15后缀例词­ion/­sion/­ationcorrect→_________改正attract→_________吸引conclude→________结论；结束decide→_______决定admit→________接纳；准许入学invite→________邀请explain→________解释expect→_________期望规则correctionattractiondecisionadmissioninvitationexplanationexpectationconclusion后缀例词­ion/correct→_________16后缀例词­er/­orteach→teacher老师announce→________播音员conduct→________指挥；售票员­mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→_________功绩；成就argue→_______辩论；论据equip→equipment装备；设备规则announcerconductorachievementargument后缀例词­er/­orteach→teacher17后缀例词-ance/-enappear→_________出现；外貌perform→performance表演；节目exist→________存在；生存prefer→_________偏爱­ure/­turefail→______失败press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→_________离开；出发规则appearanceexistencepreferencefailuredeparture后缀例词-ance/appear→_________18后缀例词­yrecover→________恢复；痊愈discover→________发现其他choose→_______选择vary→_______多样化；种类tend→_______趋向；趋势规则recoverydiscoverychoicevarietytendency后缀例词­yrecover→________恢复；19小题狂练1.(2019·全国卷I)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen_____(poor)studied.2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting_________(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere______(huge)popularwithtourists.3.(2018﹒浙江卷)Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein

______(weigh)problems.

4.(2017﹒全国Ⅰ)Even_____(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.5.(2020哈师天附中9月月考)Thesegrapesbringwealthaswellastheir_________(sweet)tothelocals.poorlycompetitionweightworsehugelysweetness小题狂练1.(2019·全国卷I)Itisdiffic20词汇变化形变副形比较级最高级形变名动变名规则词汇形变副形比较形变名动变名规则21制作单位：山东省博兴第二中学录制时间：2020年2月1日制作单位：山东省博兴第二中学22课题：词汇变化知识（一）高三英语课题：词汇变化知识（一）23复习专题14词汇变化知识（一）复习专题14词汇变化知识（一）24解读高考《普通高中英语课程标准（2017）》明确指出：高中学生应该学习和掌握英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容。考查学生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。语法填空更侧重考查学生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。解读高考《普通高中英语课程标准（2017）》明确指出：高中学25技巧点拨语法填空中，当空格处所需词性与括号中所给词的词性不同时，就需要词性转化。我们可根据以下3条规则顺利解题：1、作主语或宾语用名词形式；2、作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；3、修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。技巧点拨语法填空中，当空格处所需词性与括号中所给词的词性不同26解题技巧第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词性。注意事项：语法填空中注意词性转换，阅读理解中还要考虑表示相反意义的词的前缀或后缀，其逻辑意义才通顺。解题技巧第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分27考点分布内容形式2019全国卷Ⅰ2019全国卷Ⅱ2019全国卷Ⅲ2018全国卷Ⅰ2018全国卷Ⅱ2018全国卷Ⅲ2017全国卷Ⅰ2017全国卷Ⅱ2017全国卷Ⅲ2016全国卷Ⅰ2016全国卷Ⅱ2016全国卷Ⅲ形变副111111111比较级11111形变名1动变名1111111111名变形11111考点分布内容形式2019全国卷Ⅰ2019全国卷Ⅱ2019全国28考点点拨形容词→副词形容词→比较级/最高级形容词→名词动词→名词动词/名词→形容词变动词的前缀与后缀表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀与后缀考点点拨形容词→副词形容词→比较级/最高级形容词→名词动词→29要点一：形容词变副词①（2019·全国II卷）Heryearsofhardworkhave_____(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.②

(similar),whenRonWebsterborrowedabookfromthelibraryoftheUniversityofLiverpool,heforgottoreturnit,too.③(2019·江西红色七校一联)Hesatdownandstarted

(gentle)talkingtothedog.④Andyouwill________(possible)findpropersolutionswiththehelpofyourschoolmates.gently

finally

Similarly

possibly

要点一：形容词变副词①（2019·全国II卷）Herye30要点一：形容词变副词⑤（20019·浙江）Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan

_____(easy)seethem.

⑥I’m___(true)sorrythatthingshadtoendlikethis.⑦Therehavebeensomeproblemsbut________(basic)it’sagoodsystem.truly

easily规则:1.一般情况直接加-ly;2.以辅音字母＋-y结尾，把y变i加-ly;3.以-le结尾，去e加-y;4.以元音字母＋e结尾，去e加-ly;5.以-able/-ible结尾，去e加-y;6.以-ll结尾；只加-y;7.以-ic结尾，加-ally。basically

要点一：形容词变副词⑤（20019·浙江）Whenthe31要点二：形容词比较级和最高级①（2019·全国Ⅰ）Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare_____(high)thantheyactuallyare.②Thefilmis_____________(interest)thananyotheronethatIhaveeverseen.

③Themorehetalked,the______(angry)hebecame.highermoreinterestingangrier注意：少数几个双音节词有两种比较级和最高级，如：clever/simple规则:1.一般情况加-er或-est;2.以字母e结尾只加-r或-st;3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母后再加-er或-est;4.以辅音字母+-y结尾的词，把y变成i，再加-er或-est;5.其他双音节和多音节词，在形容词前加more或most.要点二：形容词比较级和最高级①（2019·全国Ⅰ）Scien32要点三：形容词变名词①(2019·龙岩质检)MyEnglishimprovedalot;moreimportantly,Igainedmuch

(confident).②(2019·九江模拟)Thatlittleactof

(kind)madeeveryonewhosawitfeelgood—butitmademefeelthebestofall!③Asix-monthtrialfoundthatpayingpeopletocycletoworkdidincreasethenumberofpeopledoingso,butthe_______(major)hadbeenusingpublictransport,ratherthanprivatevehicles.confidencekindnessmajority要点三：形容词变名词①(2019·龙岩质检)MyEngli33后缀例词­ageshort→shortage不足；短缺­cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密­y­ty­itydifficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；残疾responsible→responsibility责任­domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧规则后缀例词­ageshort→shortage34后缀例词­cedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默­nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗­thstrong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情true→truth真相wide→width宽度规则后缀例词­cedifferent→difference35挑战记忆力1.differentadj.→__________n.2.shortadj.→__________n.3.strongadj.→__________n.4.trueadj.→__________n.5.disableadj.→__________n.6.accurateadj.→__________n.7.efficientadj.→__________n.8.wiseadj.→__________n.9.crueladj.→__________n.10.kindadj.→__________n.strengthshortagedifferencetruthdisabilityaccuracyefficiencywisdomcrueltykindness挑战记忆力1.differentadj.→_______36要点四：动词变名词①(2019·全国卷I改编)Itleadstoa_____(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreased

________(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe__________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.④(2019·河北定州中学模拟)Without

_________(hesitate),Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.pollutionintroductionhesitationbelief要点四：动词变名词①(2019·全国卷I改编)Itlead37后缀例词­ion/­sion/­ationcorrect→_________改正attract→_________吸引conclude→________结论；结束decide→_______决定admit→________接纳；准许入学invite→________邀请explain→________解释expect→_________期望规则correctionattractiondecisionadmissioninvitationexplanationexpectationconclusion后缀例词­ion/correct→_________38后缀例词­er/­orteach→teacher老师announce→________播音员conduct→________指挥；售票员­mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→_________功绩；成就argue→_______辩论；论据equip→equipment装备；设备规则announcerconductorachievementargument后缀例词­er/­orteach→teacher39后缀例词-ance/-enappear→_