【英语概要写作】高考英语概要写作方法

controlledexperiments,warrantfurtherstudyofthepotentialhealth—promotingpropertiesofgrapefruitjuice.^Theresearchersfoundthatwhenthemicewerefedfattyfoodforthreemonths,thosegivengrapefruitjuicetodrinkgainedupto18percentlessweightthanthosegivenwater.Theyalsohadlowerbloodsugarandinsulinlevels—^espiteeatingthesamenumberofcaloriesanddoingthesameamountofexerciseasthemicewhodrankwater.Infact,grapefruitjuicewasasgoodatcontrollinginsulinasthewidelyuseddiabetesdrugmetformin,thejournalPLOSONEreports.However,thefruitjuiceonlyhadaneffectonweightwhentheanimalsatefattyfood.Theresearcherssaidtheydidnotknowhowgrapefruitstopsthepoundsfrompilingon.SpokesmanMarietteAbrahams,adietician,saiduntilthenitistooearlyforpeopletotrygrapefruitdiets.“Grapefruitshouldbepartofahealthybalanceddiet,butitshouldn'tbethefocusofthediet,”shesaid.【写作指导】本文是一篇科普类说明文，主要介绍了葡萄柚的减肥功效。第一段介绍了葡萄柚用于减肥的历史背景；第二至七段的内容是：研究表明，葡萄柚对人的身体健康有很多好处；第八段介绍了葡萄柚汁减肥的局限性；最后一段对葡萄柚饮食提出了不同的意见。考生在作答时，应注意条理清晰，避免混乱性语句；语言简洁，要点全面，可将原文中涉及的人名、地名等非重要信息忽略，以节约词数。另外，考生在作答时应注意语言的准确性和语句间的衔接性。【参考范文】DietersthinkgrapefruitjuicehelpsloseweightandtheGrapefruitDietortheHollywoodDietwasapopularwayoflosingweightinthe1930s.（要点l）Theexperimentsconductedonmice，whichcanalsoapplytohumans，showsthatgrapefruitjuicebenefitsthelossofweightandthecontrolofbloodsugarandinsulinlevels.（要点2）However,thefruitonlytakeseffectwhentheanimalseatfattyfood.（要点3）Theoppositeviewdoesn'tthinkeatinggrapefruitcanbethefocusofthediet.（要点4）Writing4阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Infact，greatwhitesharksarenotwhite.Thenameisthoughttohavecomeaboutbecausethesesharksarewhiteinonecircumstancewhentheyarelyingdeadonthedeckofaboat.Itwouldbemorepropertocallthisspeciesthe“blackshark”.Theyhaveadarkuppersurface,whichmeanstheirprey（猎物）aredifficulttospotthemapproachingfromthedarkdepths.Speakingofprey,theyhavebeenrecordeddiningoutonawiderangeofspecies,includingwhales,squid（鱿鱼），turtlesandoccasionallypenguins.“Ifyoumakealistofeverythingthat'sbeenfoundinawhiteshark'sstomach,you'dgetavarietyofthings,”saysmarinebiologistGeorgeBurgessoftheUniversityofFloridainGainesville.Butwhat'sclearisthattheirtasteschangeastheyage.“Theyarealmostjustfish—eatersuntiltheyare7,8,9feetlong,”saysBurgess.“Astheygetbigger,theywillbegintostarteatingmammalpreyiftheygettheopportunity.”Theseoldersharkspreferseals,sealionsandwalruses.Whentheystrikefrombelow,atspeed,whitesharkscanclearthesurfacebyasmuchas3m.Tolocatetheirprey,whitesharksusealmosteverytrickinthebook.“Theyhaveaseriesofsenses,”saysBurgess.Ina1963study,researchershungaspeakerovertheedgeoftheirboatoffMiamitoseeiftheycouldattractsharkswithsound.Nogreatwhitesharkswerespottedinthisstudy,butit'sreasonabletoassumetheyhavegoodhearingtoo.Asagreatwhitesharkgetsclosertoitsprey,itssenseofsmellbeginstokickin.Astudyofthebrainsofdifferentspeciesofsharksshowsthatthegrestwhite'solfactorybulb（嗅球）isespeciallylarge.Theirvisionisnotbad,either.“Theyseeparticularlywell,”saysBurgess.Theyalsohavetwolessfamiliarsenses.Theirlaterallines,whichrunalongtheirsides,candetectchangesinwaterpressurethatrevealtheirprey'smovements.【写作指导】本文是一篇说明文。说明文的概要写作一般有三种参考模板：（1）描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+利好”：（Inthepassage）thewriterintroduces...tous,especiallyits...,fromwhichweknow...（2）针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”：Thepassagetellsus...,including...⑶介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+结果”：（Theauthor/writersaid/talksabout）...of...,because/but...。本文可以采用第一种模板。【参考范文】Thepassageintroducessomethingaboutwhitesharks,suchastheoriginofthenameandhowtheygettheirprey.（要点1）Whentheyarelyingdeadonthedeckofaboat,theyarewhite,buttheyhaveadarkuppersu