英语语音语调 unit 3课件

LectureThree

EnglishPhonemesIII&IVRevision概念1：音素和音标(phonemesandtranscription)

音素是语言最小的语音单位，例如book/bʊk/是由/b//ʊ//k/3个音组成，音素能区别词汇意义，能把同一个词的一种语法形式和另一种形式区别开来，如bed--bad（不同词汇意义）;man–men（不同语法意义）。每一个英语单词都有语音形式和书写形式。音标就是词的语音形式，是用来标记每一个词或字母的读音的书面符号。复习前一星期要掌握的音素前元音/i://I/以及辅音/r//n//l/

后元音/ɒ//C:/以及辅音/s//f//W/

Tonguetwisterfor/n/:/l/

Thereisnoneedtolightanightlightonanightliketonight.Forabrightnightlightisjustlikeaslightlight.LessonOneMinimalpairs/e/：/eI//F/：/s//F/：/tF//e/前元音(thefrontvowels）,发音时，舌端抵下齿，前台抬起，但抬得不如/i:/高，双唇稍扁，牙床近乎半开，是短音。音素体验：sevenbeds;thenextlesson;freshandenergetic;tendesks;thebesttext;wetwithsweatContrasting/i:/,/ɪ/,and/e//i:/ high,front,unroundedvowel/I

/ lowerhigh,front,unroundedvowel/e/ mid,front,unroundedvoweldiphthong(双元音)Adiphthongisaglidefromonevoweltoanother.Itispronouncedasonesyllable.Theloudnessbecomeslessastheglidegoeson,sothesecondelementofthediphthongisonlylightlysounded.Thissinglesyllable,whichisarticulatedwithasinglebreath,isquitedifferentfromtwoseparatesyllables.ThediphthongsofEnglishareintwogroups:oneistheclosingdiphthongswhichendin/I/and/ʊ/,andtheotheriscenteringdiphthongswhichendin/ə/(Tpronouncesrespectivelythesimplevowelsanddiphthongsclearly,loudlyandslowly,Sslistencloselyandquietlyforthecorrectpronunciation)./eI/合口双元音（closingdiphthong）双元音在发音时，可以听出两个元音的滑动，从第一个元音自然地过渡到第二个元音。双元音的共同发音特点是前面一个元音发得较清楚，较长，后面的元音发得较模糊，较短。/eI/发音时先将舌尖抵住前下齿，舌前部抬向硬腭，高度为中高，发元音/e/，然后两唇拉向两边，宽度减小，在同时舌身高度抬至/I/的高度，在这一滑动过程中形成/eI/。二）辅音/F//s//tF//F/为摩擦音(fricatives),发//时，舌前端抬起靠近上齿龈后部但不贴住，舌身两侧紧贴上颗，中间形成一条狭长的通道，气流通过舌端与上齿龈后部时摩擦成音。双唇稍向前突。/F/是清辅音，发音时要卷舌，且只送气但声带不振动;注意不要用普通话中的“sh”来代替音素/F/aship;achef;share;T-shirt/s/舌尖齿龈摩擦音/s/为舌尖齿龈摩擦音，发音方法:舌前端靠近上齿龈，但不接触，上下齿靠拢，但不咬住，气流由舌端与上齿齿龈逸出，摩擦成音。/s/是清辅音，发音时送气，但声带不振动。aseat:astand:ahouse:mice:juice/t/破擦音(affricate)，/t/是/t/和//的结合。发/t/时，舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈后部形成阻碍，发音时，发/F/的动作时解除这个阻碍，气流通过发出破擦音/tF/。/tF/清辅音，发音时送气，声带不振动。注意：舌前端先顶在上齿龈后部，不留缝隙，然后渐渐放开成一隙缝，气流缓缓从中冲出。所以它有//的摩擦，又有/t/的爆破。/tF/

achild;achurch;ateacher;awatch1)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.中国发生了巨大的变化。2)JennyhadchickenandFrenchfriesforlunch.詹妮午饭吃的是鸡肉和薯条。3)JimurgeduncleJohntobuyadigitalwatch.吉姆催促约翰叔叔买块电子表。4)Janeenjoyedsandwichesverymuch.简很喜欢吃三明治。LessonTwoMinimalpairs:/ʊ/：/

u：//v/：/f//v/：/w//ʊ/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorcombinedletters:uoooouputfullsugarbullpushbutcherwolfwomanbosomtogoodstoodwoodfootsoot(beforetanddinthewords)bookcookhooklooktookshook(beforekinthewords)couldshouldwould/u:/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersandcombinedletters:ouooouueewoe

dowhomoveloseJunerudeSusantoofoodsoonmoonspoonyougroupsoupthroughgluetruebluechewjuiceshoe辅音/f//v//w/

/f//v/为唇齿摩擦音。发/f/音时，将上齿放在下唇上，气流从上齿间的隙缝通过，齿唇发生摩擦而成。发音时送气强，但声带不振动。连续不断发/f/，将声带振动，就会发出/v/(普通话中没有和/v/相似的音)。flower;first；wife;knife;laugh;cough注意：由于汉语中没有/v/的发音，要多加练习，不要用清辅音/f/来代替这个浊辅音。也不要和后面要讲的半元音/w/混淆。/v/是唇齿摩擦音，而/w/为舌后双唇音。TonguetwisterWhethertheweatherbefineorwhethertheweatherbenot.Whethertheweatherbecoldorwhethertheweatherbehot.We’llweathertheweatherwhetherwelikeitornot.

TonguetwisterShesellsseashellsontheseashore,Andtheshellsshesellsareseashells,I’msure,’causeifshesellsshellsattheseashore,Theshellsshesellsareseashells,forsure.Tellastory---TheBoyWhoCriedWolf

Ashepherdboywaslookingafterhissheeponthemountain.Hewasboredsohishouted,“Help!Wolf!”Thenhewatchedallthepeoplerunupthemountainfromthetown.Helaughed.“Where’sthewolf?Where’sthewolf?”thepeopleasked.“Itranaway!”theboysaid.Nextdayhewasboredsoheshouted,“Help!Wolf!”Thenhewatchedallthepeoplerunupthemountainfromthetown.“Where’sthewolf?Where’sthewolf?”thepeopleasked.“Itranaway!”t