安全系统工程培训课件

SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillustrationshowinghighimpactriskareasfortheInternationalSpaceStationSafetyengineeringisanengineeringdisciplinewhichassuresthatengineeredsystemsprovideacceptablelevelsofsafety.Itisstronglyrelatedtoindustrialengineering/systemsengineering,andthesubsetsystemsafetyengineering.Safetyengineeringassuresthatalife-criticalsystembehavesasneeded,evenwhencomponentsfail.SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillu1常用术语危险：hazard安全：safe事故：accident风险：risk灾害：disaster系统：system可靠性：reliability安全分析：safetyanalysis安全评价：safetyevaluation常用术语危险：hazard2Accidentcausationmodels事故致因理论Safetymanagement安全管理Physicalconditions物质条件Lossprevention损失预防Topmanagement高层管理人员Humanerrors人因失误Hazardcontrol危险控制Corporateculture企业文化

Riskingtaking冒险行为Accidentcausationmodels事故致3Safetyofficer安全官员Safetycommittee安全委员会Unionizedcompany集团公司

Safetyprinciple安全规则

Statusreview状态审查Supervisorylevel监督层Implementplan执行计划Hazardidentification危险辨识Safetyperformance安全性能Safetyofficer安全官员4Systemsengineeringisaninterdisciplinaryfieldofengineeringandengineeringmanagementthatfocusesonhowtodesignandmanagecomplexsystemsovertheirlifecycles.Atitscoresystemsengineeringutilizessystemsthinkingprinciplestoorganizethisbodyofknowledge.Issuessuchasrequirementsengineering,reliability,logistics,coordinationofdifferentteams,testingandevaluation,maintainabilityandmanyotherdisciplinesnecessaryforsuccessfulsystemdevelopment,design,implementation,andultimatedecommissionbecomemoredifficultwhendealingwithlargeorcomplexprojects.

ⅡSystemEngineeringSystemsengineeringisaninte5Systemsengineeringdealswithwork-processes,optimizationmethods,andriskmanagementtoolsinsuchprojects.Itoverlapstechnicalandhuman-centereddisciplinessuchasindustrialengineering,mechanicalengineering,manufacturingengineering,controlengineering,softwareengineering,electricalengineering,cybernetics,organizationalstudiesandprojectmanagement.Systemsengineeringensuresthatalllikelyaspectsofaprojectorsystemareconsidered,andintegratedintoawhole.

Systemsengineeringdealswith6Thesystemsengineeringprocessisadiscoveryprocessthatisquiteunlikeamanufacturingprocess.Amanufacturingprocessisfocusedonrepetitiveactivitiesthatachievehighqualityoutputswithminimumcostandtime.Thesystemsengineeringprocessmustbeginbydiscoveringtherealproblemsthatneedtoberesolved,andidentifythemostprobableorhighestimpactfailuresthatcanoccur–systemsengineeringinvolvesfindingelegantsolutionstotheseproblems.Thesystemsengineeringproces7Systemcharacteristics:Unity—整体性Relativity—相关性Objective,Goal&Function—目的性和功能性AdaptabilitytotheEnvironment—环境适应性Dynamic—动态性Systemhasitsownorder—有序性安全系统工程培训课件8ClassificationofsystemNaturalandHuman-MadeSystem

自然系统和人工系统PhysicalandConceptualSystem

实体系统和抽象系统StaticandDynamicSystem

静态系统和动态系统ControlandBehaviorSystem

控制系统和行为系统OpenandClosedSystem

开放系统和封闭系统ClassificationofsystemNatur9SystemengineeringmethodEngineeringlogicEngineeringanalysisStatisticaltheoryandprobabilitytheoryOperationsresearchSystemengineeringmethodEngin10Systemengineeringprinciple系统原理整分合原理反馈原理弹性原理封闭原理能级原理动力原理激励原理SystemprinciplePrincipleofintegral-divisionFeedbackprincipleElasticityprincipleClosureprincipleEnergylevelprincipleDynamicprincipleIncentiveprincipleSystemengineeringprinciple系统11ⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Featuresofsafetysystem系统性开放性确定性与非确定性有序与无序的统一体突变性或畸变性SystematicnessOpennessCertaintyanduncertaintyUnityoforderanddisorderSuddenorabnormaldegenerationⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Fe122.SafetySystemEngineeringDefinition

安全系统工程是运用系统工程方法，识别、分析、评价系统寿命周期中的危险性，根据其结果调整工艺、设备、操作、管理、生产周期和投资等因素，控制可能发生的事故，使系统处于最佳安全状态。2.SafetySystemEngineeringDe13DefinitionSafetysystemengineeringisamethodofusingsystemengineeringtoidentify,analyzeandevaluatethehazardsinthelifecycleofasystem.Accordingtotheresults,itadjuststheprocess,equipment,operation,management,productioncycle,investmentandotherfactorstocontrolthepossibleaccidents,sothatthesystemisintheoptimalsecuritystate.DefinitionSafetysystemengine14Threesubsystems:HumansubsystemsMachinesubsystemsEnvironmentsubsystem3.Researchobjectofsafetysystemengineering3.Researchobjectofsafetysy15Thesethreeinterrelated,mutuallyconstrained,interactivesubsystemsconstituteanorganicwholeofa"human-machine-environment"system.Analysis,evaluation,control"human-machine-environment"systemsecurity,canreallysolvethesystemsafetyissues.Thesethreeinterrelat16安全系统工程培训课件174.ResearchcontentsofsafetysystemengineeringThebasictaskofsafetysystemsengineeringistopredict,evaluateandcontrolhazards.Theanalysisprocesscanbesummarizedasfollows:Systemsafetyanalysis(identificationandforecastinghazards);Risk(safety)evaluation(includinghuman,machine,material,craft,environment,organization,etc);Comparison;Comprehensiveevaluation;Optimizethedecisionoftheplan.

Themaintechnicalmeanscanbesummarizedassystemsafetyanalysis,systemsafetyevaluationandsafetydecision-makingandaccidentcontrol.4.Researchcontentsofsafety18ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysis

Throughthesystemsafetyanalysis,youcanidentifythedangeroussourcesinthesystem,analyzethepossibledangerousstates,estimatetheprobabilityoftheaccident,thepossibledamageandtheseverityoftheconsequences,bymodifyingthesystemdesignorchangethecontrolsystemtoruntheprogram.ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysis19maincontentInvestigateandanalyzethevariousdangeroussourcesandtheirrelationsinthesystemConductinvestigationandanalysisofsystem-relatedenvironmentalconditions,equipment,personnelandotherrelevantfactorsAnalyzemeasuresthatcantakeadvantageofappropriateequipment,procedures,processesormaterials,controloreradicateaparticularhazardsourceInvestigatingandanalyzinghazardcontrolmeasuresandthebestwaytoimplementthesemeasuresInvestigationandanalysisofdangeroussourcesthatcannotbeeradicatedtoloseorreducethepossibleconsequencesofcontrolInvestigationandanalysisofsafetyhazardsinordertopreventinjuryandlossifthehazardisoutofcontrolmaincontentInvestigateandan20Commonmethod预先危险性分析（PHA）安全检查表分析（SCA）故障模式及影响分析（FEMA）危险和可操作性研究(HAZOP)事件树分析(ETA)事故树分析（FTA)系统可靠性分析（ＳＲＡ）原因-后果分析（CCA)Commonmethod预先危险性分析（PHA）21PreliminaryHazardAnalysisSafetyChecklistAnalysisFailureModeandEffectAnalysisHazardandOperabilityAnalysisEventTreeAnalysisFaultTreeAnalysisSystemReliabilityAnalysisCauseCensequenceanalysisPreliminaryHazardAnalysis22Classification

InductionQualitativeanalysisQuantitativeanalysisDeductionClassificationInductionQualit23PreliminaryHazardAnalysis(PHA)，是在每项工作活动之前，对系统存在的危险类型、来源、出现条件、到事故后果及相关措施，作一概略分析。总之，即在行动之前作一安全分析，以避免考虑不周造成的各种损失。安全系统工程培训课件241、MaincontentofPHA识别危险的设备、零部件并分析其发生的可能性和条件；Identifydangerousequipment,partsandanalyzethelikelihoodandconditionsoftheiroccurrence;分析系统中各子系统，各元件的交接面及其相互关系与影响；

Analysisofthesubsystemsinthesystem,thecomponentsoftheintersectionandtheirrelationship&influence;1、MaincontentofPHA识别危险的设备、零25分析物质危险性（MSDS，相关的检测）；Analysisofmaterialhazards分析工艺过程危险性(含装置存在的危险性)；Analyzetheprocesshazard(includingthepresenceofthedevice)人、机关系(操作、维修等)Human-machinerelationship环境条件危险性分析；Riskanalysisofenvironmentalconditions防护措施和安全保障分析。Protectionmeasuresandsafetyandsecurityanalysis.分析物质危险性（MSDS，相关的检测）；262、advantages

分析工作在行动之前，可以及早排除、降低和控制危险；Earlyelimination,reductionandcontrolofhazards;系统开发、设计、制造、安装、检修等过程的分析结果，可以作为应遵循的注意事项和指导方针；Guidelines可为制定标准和规范提供必要资料；

可以作为安全教育的教材。Safetyeducation2、advantages分析工作在行动之前，可以及早排除27

Generalsteps

PreliminaryHazardAnalysisincludingthreestages:preparation,review,andtheresultssummary

28确定系统对象；资料调查收集；系统功能分解；分析辨识危险；确定危险等级；制定措施；实施措施。Determinethesystemobject;Datacollection;Systemfunctiondecomposition;Analysisandidentificationofhazards;Determinethehazardlevel;Developmeasures;Implementingmeasures.确定系统对象；Determinethesystemob29分析、辩识危险

DangerousandharmfulfactorsInherentriskOccupationaldiseaseRiskofstorage分析、辩识危险

Dangerousandharmful301、SafetyAnalysisofHouseholdWaterHeater

热水器用煤气加热，装有温度和煤气开关连锁，当水温超过规定温度时，连锁动作将煤气阀门关小；如果发生故障，则由泄压安全阀放出热水，防止事故发生。为了防止煤气漏出和炉膛内滞留煤气．在热水器内设有燃气安全控制系统，由长明火、热电偶和电磁阀组成。由于长明火存在，即使溢出煤气也不会发生爆炸。若长明火灭了，热电偶起作用，通过电磁阀将煤气关闭，防止事故发生。1、SafetyAnalysisofHousehold31Waterheaterheatingby

coalgas.Itequippedwithtemperatureandgasswitchchain,whenthewatertemperatureexceedsthespecifiedtemperature,thechainactionwillclosethegasvalve;Ifthefaultoccurs,accidentspreventedbythehotwaterreleasefrompressurereliefvalve.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention,thegassafetycontrolsystemislocatedoutsidetheheater.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention.Gassafetycontrolsystemconsistsofeverlastingfire,thermocoupleandelectromagneticvalve.Duetotheexistenceofeverlastingfire,explosionwillneverhappenevenifthegasleak.Ifthefireisoff,thethermocoupleworkandturnoffgasbyelectromagneticvalveforpreventingaccidents.Waterheaterheatingbycoalga32安全系统工程培训课件33安全系统工程培训课件34安全系统工程培训课件35FaultTreeAnalysisFaulttreeanalysis(FTA)isatopdown,deductivefailureanalysisinwhichanundesiredstateofasystemisanalyzedusingBooleanlogictocombineaseriesoflower-levelevents.FaultTreeAnalysisFaulttree36FaultTreeAnalysis

Thisanalysismethodismainlyusedinthefieldsofsafetyengineeringandreliabilityengineeringtounderstandhowsystemscanfail,toidentifythebestwaystoreduceriskortodetermine(orgetafeelingfor)eventratesofasafetyaccidentoraparticularsystemlevel(functional)failure.FaultTreeAnalysis

Thisanaly37FaultTreeAnalysisThebasicsymbolsusedinFTAaregroupedasevents,gates,andtransfersymbols.FaultTreeAnalysisThebasics38FailuremodeandeffectsanalysisFailuremodeandeffectsanalysis(FMEA)—also"failuremodes",plural,inmanypublications—wasoneofthefirsthighlystructured,systematictechniquesforfailureanalysis.Failuremodeandeffectsanaly39RiskisthecombinationofEndEffectProbabilityAndSeverityRiskisthecombinationofEnd40安全系统工程培训课件41激励学生学习的名言格言220、每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始，才能找到成功的路。221、世界会向那些有目标和远见的人让路（冯两努——香港著名推销商）

222、绊脚石乃是进身之阶。223、销售世界上第一号的产品——不是汽车，而是自己。在你成功地把自己推销给别人之前，你必须百分之百的把自己推销给自己。224、即使爬到最高的山上，一次也只能脚踏实地地迈一步。225、积极思考造成积极人生，消极思考造成消极人生。226、人之所以有一张嘴，而有两只耳朵，原因是听的要比说的多一倍。227、别想一下造出大海，必须先由小河川开始。228、有事者，事竟成；破釜沉舟，百二秦关终归楚；苦心人，天不负；卧薪尝胆，三千越甲可吞吴。

229、以诚感人者，人亦诚而应。

230、积极的人在每一次忧患中都看到一个机会，而消极的人则在每个机会都看到某种忧患。231、出门走好路，出口说好话，出手做好事。232、旁观者的姓名永远爬不到比赛的计分板上。

233、怠惰是贫穷的制造厂。234、莫找借口失败，只找理由成功。（不为失败找理由，要为成功找方法）235、如果我们想要更多的玫瑰花，就必须种植更多的玫瑰树。236、伟人之所以伟大，是因为他与别人共处逆境时，别人失去了信心，他却下决心实现自己的目标。237、世上没有绝望的处境，只有对处境绝望的人。238、回避现实的人，未来将更不理想。239、当你感到悲哀痛苦时，最好是去学些什么东西。学习会使你永远立于不败之地。240、伟人所达到并保持着的高处，并不是一飞就到的，而是他们在同伴们都睡着的时候，一步步艰辛地向上爬241、世界上那些最容易的事情中，拖延时间最不费力。242、坚韧是成功的一大要素，只要在门上敲得够久、够大声，终会把人唤醒的。

243、人之所以能，是相信能。244、没有口水与汗水，就没有成功的泪水。245、一个有信念者所开发出的力量，大于99个只有兴趣者。

246、环境不会改变，解决之道在于改变自己。247、两粒种子，一片森林。248、每一发奋努力的背后，必有加倍的赏赐。249、如果你希望成功，以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以小心为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。250、大多数人想要改造这个世界，但却罕有人想改造自己。激励学生学习的名言格言42SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillustrationshowinghighimpactriskareasfortheInternationalSpaceStationSafetyengineeringisanengineeringdisciplinewhichassuresthatengineeredsystemsprovideacceptablelevelsofsafety.Itisstronglyrelatedtoindustrialengineering/systemsengineering,andthesubsetsystemsafetyengineering.Safetyengineeringassuresthatalife-criticalsystembehavesasneeded,evenwhencomponentsfail.SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillu43常用术语危险：hazard安全：safe事故：accident风险：risk灾害：disaster系统：system可靠性：reliability安全分析：safetyanalysis安全评价：safetyevaluation常用术语危险：hazard44Accidentcausationmodels事故致因理论Safetymanagement安全管理Physicalconditions物质条件Lossprevention损失预防Topmanagement高层管理人员Humanerrors人因失误Hazardcontrol危险控制Corporateculture企业文化

Riskingtaking冒险行为Accidentcausationmodels事故致45Safetyofficer安全官员Safetycommittee安全委员会Unionizedcompany集团公司

Safetyprinciple安全规则

Statusreview状态审查Supervisorylevel监督层Implementplan执行计划Hazardidentification危险辨识Safetyperformance安全性能Safetyofficer安全官员46Systemsengineeringisaninterdisciplinaryfieldofengineeringandengineeringmanagementthatfocusesonhowtodesignandmanagecomplexsystemsovertheirlifecycles.Atitscoresystemsengineeringutilizessystemsthinkingprinciplestoorganizethisbodyofknowledge.Issuessuchasrequirementsengineering,reliability,logistics,coordinationofdifferentteams,testingandevaluation,maintainabilityandmanyotherdisciplinesnecessaryforsuccessfulsystemdevelopment,design,implementation,andultimatedecommissionbecomemoredifficultwhendealingwithlargeorcomplexprojects.

ⅡSystemEngineeringSystemsengineeringisaninte47Systemsengineeringdealswithwork-processes,optimizationmethods,andriskmanagementtoolsinsuchprojects.Itoverlapstechnicalandhuman-centereddisciplinessuchasindustrialengineering,mechanicalengineering,manufacturingengineering,controlengineering,softwareengineering,electricalengineering,cybernetics,organizationalstudiesandprojectmanagement.Systemsengineeringensuresthatalllikelyaspectsofaprojectorsystemareconsidered,andintegratedintoawhole.

Systemsengineeringdealswith48Thesystemsengineeringprocessisadiscoveryprocessthatisquiteunlikeamanufacturingprocess.Amanufacturingprocessisfocusedonrepetitiveactivitiesthatachievehighqualityoutputswithminimumcostandtime.Thesystemsengineeringprocessmustbeginbydiscoveringtherealproblemsthatneedtoberesolved,andidentifythemostprobableorhighestimpactfailuresthatcanoccur–systemsengineeringinvolvesfindingelegantsolutionstotheseproblems.Thesystemsengineeringproces49Systemcharacteristics:Unity—整体性Relativity—相关性Objective,Goal&Function—目的性和功能性AdaptabilitytotheEnvironment—环境适应性Dynamic—动态性Systemhasitsownorder—有序性安全系统工程培训课件50ClassificationofsystemNaturalandHuman-MadeSystem

自然系统和人工系统PhysicalandConceptualSystem

实体系统和抽象系统StaticandDynamicSystem

静态系统和动态系统ControlandBehaviorSystem

控制系统和行为系统OpenandClosedSystem

开放系统和封闭系统ClassificationofsystemNatur51SystemengineeringmethodEngineeringlogicEngineeringanalysisStatisticaltheoryandprobabilitytheoryOperationsresearchSystemengineeringmethodEngin52Systemengineeringprinciple系统原理整分合原理反馈原理弹性原理封闭原理能级原理动力原理激励原理SystemprinciplePrincipleofintegral-divisionFeedbackprincipleElasticityprincipleClosureprincipleEnergylevelprincipleDynamicprincipleIncentiveprincipleSystemengineeringprinciple系统53ⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Featuresofsafetysystem系统性开放性确定性与非确定性有序与无序的统一体突变性或畸变性SystematicnessOpennessCertaintyanduncertaintyUnityoforderanddisorderSuddenorabnormaldegenerationⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Fe542.SafetySystemEngineeringDefinition

安全系统工程是运用系统工程方法，识别、分析、评价系统寿命周期中的危险性，根据其结果调整工艺、设备、操作、管理、生产周期和投资等因素，控制可能发生的事故，使系统处于最佳安全状态。2.SafetySystemEngineeringDe55DefinitionSafetysystemengineeringisamethodofusingsystemengineeringtoidentify,analyzeandevaluatethehazardsinthelifecycleofasystem.Accordingtotheresults,itadjuststheprocess,equipment,operation,management,productioncycle,investmentandotherfactorstocontrolthepossibleaccidents,sothatthesystemisintheoptimalsecuritystate.DefinitionSafetysystemengine56Threesubsystems:HumansubsystemsMachinesubsystemsEnvironmentsubsystem3.Researchobjectofsafetysystemengineering3.Researchobjectofsafetysy57Thesethreeinterrelated,mutuallyconstrained,interactivesubsystemsconstituteanorganicwholeofa"human-machine-environment"system.Analysis,evaluation,control"human-machine-environment"systemsecurity,canreallysolvethesystemsafetyissues.Thesethreeinterrelat58安全系统工程培训课件594.ResearchcontentsofsafetysystemengineeringThebasictaskofsafetysystemsengineeringistopredict,evaluateandcontrolhazards.Theanalysisprocesscanbesummarizedasfollows:Systemsafetyanalysis(identificationandforecastinghazards);Risk(safety)evaluation(includinghuman,machine,material,craft,environment,organization,etc);Comparison;Comprehensiveevaluation;Optimizethedecisionoftheplan.

Themaintechnicalmeanscanbesummarizedassystemsafetyanalysis,systemsafetyevaluationandsafetydecision-makingandaccidentcontrol.4.Researchcontentsofsafety60ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysis

Throughthesystemsafetyanalysis,youcanidentifythedangeroussourcesinthesystem,analyzethepossibledangerousstates,estimatetheprobabilityoftheaccident,thepossibledamageandtheseverityoftheconsequences,bymodifyingthesystemdesignorchangethecontrolsystemtoruntheprogram.ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysis61maincontentInvestigateandanalyzethevariousdangeroussourcesandtheirrelationsinthesystemConductinvestigationandanalysisofsystem-relatedenvironmentalconditions,equipment,personnelandotherrelevantfactorsAnalyzemeasuresthatcantakeadvantageofappropriateequipment,procedures,processesormaterials,controloreradicateaparticularhazardsourceInvestigatingandanalyzinghazardcontrolmeasuresandthebestwaytoimplementthesemeasuresInvestigationandanalysisofdangeroussourcesthatcannotbeeradicatedtoloseorreducethepossibleconsequencesofcontrolInvestigationandanalysisofsafetyhazardsinordertopreventinjuryandlossifthehazardisoutofcontrolmaincontentInvestigateandan62Commonmethod预先危险性分析（PHA）安全检查表分析（SCA）故障模式及影响分析（FEMA）危险和可操作性研究(HAZOP)事件树分析(ETA)事故树分析（FTA)系统可靠性分析（ＳＲＡ）原因-后果分析（CCA)Commonmethod预先危险性分析（PHA）63PreliminaryHazardAnalysisSafetyChecklistAnalysisFailureModeandEffectAnalysisHazardandOperabilityAnalysisEventTreeAnalysisFaultTreeAnalysisSystemReliabilityAnalysisCauseCensequenceanalysisPreliminaryHazardAnalysis64Classification

InductionQualitativeanalysisQuantitativeanalysisDeductionClassificationInductionQualit65PreliminaryHazardAnalysis(PHA)，是在每项工作活动之前，对系统存在的危险类型、来源、出现条件、到事故后果及相关措施，作一概略分析。总之，即在行动之前作一安全分析，以避免考虑不周造成的各种损失。安全系统工程培训课件661、MaincontentofPHA识别危险的设备、零部件并分析其发生的可能性和条件；Identifydangerousequipment,partsandanalyzethelikelihoodandconditionsoftheiroccurrence;分析系统中各子系统，各元件的交接面及其相互关系与影响；

Analysisofthesubsystemsinthesystem,thecomponentsoftheintersectionandtheirrelationship&influence;1、MaincontentofPHA识别危险的设备、零67分析物质危险性（MSDS，相关的检测）；Analysisofmaterialhazards分析工艺过程危险性(含装置存在的危险性)；Analyzetheprocesshazard(includingthepresenceofthedevice)人、机关系(操作、维修等)Human-machinerelationship环境条件危险性分析；Riskanalysisofenvironmentalconditions防护措施和安全保障分析。Protectionmeasuresandsafetyandsecurityanalysis.分析物质危险性（MSDS，相关的检测）；682、advantages

分析工作在行动之前，可以及早排除、降低和控制危险；Earlyelimination,reductionandcontrolofhazards;系统开发、设计、制造、安装、检修等过程的分析结果，可以作为应遵循的注意事项和指导方针；Guidelines可为制定标准和规范提供必要资料；

可以作为安全教育的教材。Safetyeducation2、advantages分析工作在行动之前，可以及早排除69

Generalsteps

PreliminaryHazardAnalysisincludingthreestages:preparation,review,andtheresultssummary

70确定系统对象；资料调查收集；系统功能分解；分析辨识危险；确定危险等级；制定措施；实施措施。Determinethesystemobject;Datacollection;Systemfunctiondecomposition;Analysisandidentificationofhazards;Determinethehazardlevel;Developmeasures;Implementingmeasures.确定系统对象；Determinethesystemob71分析、辩识危险

DangerousandharmfulfactorsInherentriskOccupationaldiseaseRiskofstorage分析、辩识危险

Dangerousandharmful721、SafetyAnalysisofHouseholdWaterHeater

热水器用煤气加热，装有温度和煤气开关连锁，当水温超过规定温度时，连锁动作将煤气阀门关小；如果发生故障，则由泄压安全阀放出热水，防止事故发生。为了防止煤气漏出和炉膛内滞留煤气．在热水器内设有燃气安全控制系统，由长明火、热电偶和电磁阀组成。由于长明火存在，即使溢出煤气也不会发生爆炸。若长明火灭了，热电偶起作用，通过电磁阀将煤气关闭，防止事故发生。1、SafetyAnalysisofHousehold73Waterheaterheatingby

coalgas.Itequippedwithtemperatureandgasswitchchain,whenthewatertemperatureexceedsthespecifiedtemperature,thechainactionwillclosethegasvalve;Ifthefaultoccurs,accidentspreventedbythehotwaterreleasefrompressurereliefvalve.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention,thegassafetycontrolsystemislocatedoutsidetheheater.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention.Gassafetycontrolsystemconsistsofeverlastingfi