2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十二：历史与地理

2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十二： 历史与地理PartAReadingPassage1题材:洋流研究 词数:332建议时间：8分钟Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents（流）.Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoesabout60,000intotal—fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected,thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn 't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded,hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld sbestareasforbeachcombingbecausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere,andasaresult,thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata,heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents,andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts,with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves..TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.A.fittingrooms B.tradingfairsC.businesstalks D.groupmeetings.Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout.A.whatcausedtheshippingaccidentB.whenandwheretheshoeswentmissingC.whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoesD.howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident.HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?A.Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.B.Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcombers.C.Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.D.Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary..Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor.A.travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworldB.makingrecordsforanylostobjectsontheseaC.runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociationD.phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.Passage2题材:文化遗迹词数:266建议时间:6分钟Ourchildrenandgrandchildrenmaynothaveachancetovisitmanyofthemostfamousplacesaroundtheworld.War,weather,age,trafficandpollutiondamagethesefamousplaces.Lookingaftertheseplacesoftencostsmorethanonecountrycanafford.Intheearly1970s,worldgovernmentsdecidedthatiftheyjoinedtogether,theywouldbeabletopreserveourhistory.Ifeverycountrypaidsomemoney,theysaid,itwouldbepossibletolookaftermanyimportanthistoricplaces.Also,iftheydiscoveredthatamonumentneededurgenthelp,theywouldhavemoneyforrepairs.Forthesereasons,countriesaroundtheworldunitedtoformtheWorldHeritageOrganizationin1972.Today,theorganizationhelpstomaintai滩护）andrestorethemostimportantplacesinourhistory.However,oneofthebiggestproblemsforhistoricplacesisvandalism（人为破坏）.Peoplesometimesenterthesitesanddestroyordamagethebuildings.Atsomesites,suchasStonehengeinEngland,governmentshavebuilthighfencestoprotectthesitefromvandals.Therearemanydifferentideasabouthowtosolvetheproblemofvandalism.Someexpertssaythatifguardspatrolled（逻）thesites,vandalswouldnotbeabletogetin.Someexpertssaythatiftheyfixedmoretelevisioncameras,theywouldnotneedsomanyguards.Otherexpertssaythatthebestsolutioniseducation.Ifpeoplelearnedtorespecthistory,theywouldnotdestroyordamageit.Theywouldalsowanttospendmoneylookingafteroldplaces.Forthisreason,theWorldHeritageOrganizationhelpstospreadinformationaboutthevalueofhistoricsites.1.WhydidcountriesallovertheworldunitetoformtheWorldHeritageOrganization?A.Itwouldbeabletokeepourhistory.B.Itwouldbepossibletotakecareofimportanthistoricplaces.C.Theywouldhavemoneytodosomerepairsifamonumentneededhelp.D.Alloftheabove..Whichofthefollowingshowsustheactionofvandalism?A.Peopleenterthesitesanddestroyordamagethebuildings.B.Governmentsbuildhighfencestoprotectthesitefromvandals.C.Guardspatrolledthesitesandtheyfixedmoretelevisioncameras.D.Theyalsospendmoneylookingafteroldplaces..What'sthebestwaytosolvethebiggestproblemofdalism?A.Everycountryspendsmoremoneylookingaftertheseplacesoften.B.ToformtheWorldHeritageOrganization.C.Toomanyguardsareneededtopreventvandalsgettingin.D.Tomakepeopleknowinformationaboutthevalueofhistoricsites.PartBWriting一、话题语料积累.话题词汇积累①[?h?tri]n.历史，历史学②[?slev?ri]n.奴隶制度③[d?skr?n?ne??i]n.歧视④[?fri?d?m]n.自由⑤[?i?v??lu??n.演变;进化⑥[?fe?iR]n.公平;公正⑦[d?V??s]n离婚;脱离⑧[?n?l?d?]n.知识，学问⑨[?m?r?d?]n.结婚;婚姻⑩[k?n?ven??]n.大会;协定;习惯，惯例⑪[?se@]n.正式会议;开庭网 [d??ens]（美defense）n防御;防务番[?v??t?u?]n.德，优秀品质⑭[?f??k?s]n.（兴趣活动等的）中心，焦点FN [??ens]n五巳罪曲[?pr??l?d?]n.特权，特别待遇⑪[??D?l?d?i]n.辩解;道歉⑭[?m?b?s?d?]n.大使⑲[??D????]n.流产，堕胎⑳[??bs?ns]n.不在，缺席;缺乏，没有㉑[??lt?tju?d]n海拔（高度）㉒[??D???ns]n.出现，露面;外貌，外观爵[?e?i?]n.范围；区域，地区财[?b?tl]n.战役（指大规模会战）;战斗郃[?b?tlgra?nd战场您[b?m]n.炸弹㉗[?b??d?n.边境，国界㉘[?b?k?t]n.抵制行动⑳[k?m?pe?]n.（政治或商业性）活动，宣传活动㉚[ke?/]n.洞穴;窑洞㉛[?t??nl]n.海峡;水渠㉚[?t??i?]n.中国；[小写]chinan.[U]瓷器[?s??k?]n.马戏团，杂技团㉚[?k?nt?i?nt]n.大陆，大洲㉚[?d/Str?<t]n.区;地区;区域®[?en?mi]n.敌人;敌军㉛[?Vent]n.事件@[fl?g]nK,旗帜㉚[?fju?n??l]n.葬礼⑩[kR]n.&v.吻，亲吻⑪[ma?]n.矿，矿井⑫pm的r^n.矿物;矿物质⑬[?pen?n]n.养老金⑭[f?n?m?i?n]n.现象⑮[?p?l?si]n.政策，方针⑯[?sekn]n.部分，区域勘[sle初n.奴隶⑱[?smbl]n.符号，记号;象征.话题佳句积累MyhometownisasmallvillagenotfartheYellowRiver.我的家乡是一个离黄河不远的小村庄。Theoldtowerhaslonghistoryof2,000years.这座古塔有2000年的悠久历史。Egyptisan（Arab）countrywhichhasahistorydatingbackto5,000yearsago.埃及是一个历史可追溯到5000年前的阿拉伯国家。Thenewstadium（situate）intheeastofthecity.这座新体育馆坐落于城市的东部。Themonument,wasbuiltin1894,standsinthecenterofthesquare.这座纪念碑于1894年修建，位于广场的中心。二、综合练习.词句练习（1）根据汉语意思完成句子Weshouldnot（拆除）historicbuildingsatwill.Thegovernmentshould（制定政策）toencouragepeopletoprotectculturalrelics.Everyonehasresponsibilityto （保护城市遗产）.Chinahasalonghistoryand（灿烂的文化）.Thesehistoricbuildingscanhelpus（更好地了解）thepast.⑥Thisancienttombis（很有价值）.Itisthoughtforgettingabouthistoryis（一种背叛行为）.Thiscityhasitsown（特色）.Weshould（要求，呼吁）peopletopaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofancientbuildings.Theinventionofpaperwasagreatcontributionto（人类文明）.（2）翻译句子①他可以把先祖追溯到詹姆斯一世。②她已拜过她的祖先③罗马人修建这些纪念碑来纪念他们杰出的祖先④我们烧香来纪念我们的祖先⑤西方的万圣节也起源于人们对逝者精神回归所持有的古老的信仰。⑥建造这幢房子的人就是它现在主人的祖先⑦敬奉祖先的风俗在这些人中是普遍的⑧这两个物种有一个共同的祖先.段落练习调整下列句子的顺序，使其成为一篇由三段构成的文理通顺的短文。It'sreallywickedtodoso.Ithinkthegovernmentandschoolsshouldteachpeoplemoreabouttheprotectionofculturalrelicsandeveryoneofusshouldtrytodosomethingfortheprotectionofculturalrelics.Theytellpeoplewhathappenedinthepastandthattheyaretherootsofacityoraplace.©Culturalrelicsrepresenthistoricculture.Forexample,thegovernmntmakespoliciestoregulatepeople sbehaviortowardstherelicsandcallforpeopletotakeactiontosavetheculturalrelics.AsfarasIknow,everycityistryingtoprotectitsculturalrelics.WhenIwastravelling,Icouldseesomecuttingorodddrawingonthehistoricplaces.However,somepeoplehavenosuchawarenessorevendoharmtotherelics.组成短文后的正确顺序为： .篇章练习假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Sarah打算到巴西旅游，请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：(1)巴西位于大西洋的西侧，是南美洲最大的国家，面积约851万平方公里。(2)有两亿多人口，多数集中在东部沿海地区。(3)首都巴西利亚(Brasilia)风景秀丽。(4)里约热内卢(RiodeJaneiro)是巴西第二大城市。第31届夏季奥运会就是在这里举行的。注意:(1)词数不少于50;(2)信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearSarah,ThankyouforyourletteraskingaboutBrazil.Hereissomethingaboutit.Yours,LiHua单选模拟仿真练I.They'vemovedtoadifferenthousetheirchildrencanattendabetterschool.A.incase B.aslongasC.sothat D.eventhough2.hisIDcard,Philiphadtogotothepolicestationinpersonandreapplyforanewone.A.HavinglostB.LosingC.Tolose D.Losebelievethattheworldisyouthinkitis.Sosmileattheworldanditwillsmileback.A.whatB.howC.thatD.which.—IwasveryangrywithKelvinyesterday.一Iknowyourfeelings,butifyouforgivehim,youabiggerman.A.havebeenB.wouldbeC.willbe D.were.—WhatdoyoudoasavolunteerinAfrica?一!Therearemanypoorpeoplethere.Theyneedalotofhelp.A.NoneB.SomethingC.LittleD.Everything.Arrivingatthepartyinagreathurry,weweredisappointedtofindthatthebandplaying.A.stoppedB.willstop

C.hasstoppedD.hadstopped.ThesignatGate8readsthatyoushowyourboardingpassandpassportbeforegettingontheplane.A.canB.mustC.mayD.would.Thisferryboattotransportpassengersbetweentheharborandtheislandforyears.A.isused B.wasbeingusedC.isbeingusedD.hasbeenused.ItisbecomingathreattotheChineselanguageandculturesomepeoplecan'twriteChinesecharactersproperly.A.which B.thatC.whetherD.how.thetravellingneedsofpassengers,ChinaRailwayCorporationhasdecidedthatpeoplecanbooktickets60daysinadvance.A.Meet B.TomeetC.Met D.Meeting.TheAlibabaGroup,wasfoundedin1999,hasbecomeChina'slargeste-commercecompany.A.which B.whatC.whose D.that.—Hi,Lucy!What'stheschedulefootcow?一Letmecheck.YouanappointmentwithThomasatthreeB.hado'clock.B.hadA.haveC.werehavingD.havehad.Peterwouldhavethechancetopresenthistalentsinthecompetitionnowifhelastterm.A.signedupB.hadsignedupC.signsupD.hassignedup14.Thereare12lampshangingtheceilingintherestaurant.A.onB.inC.fromD.aroundnSingapore,peopleeatingordrinkingonthesubwaycanbefinedupto500Singaporedollars.A.havingcaughtB.catching C.caughtD.catch答案Topic22历史与地理PartAReadingPassage1［高级语块］.makegreaterefforttodosth更努力地做某事.asaresultof由于 .bedesignedtodosth旨在做某事［高级句式］.Therewere_somanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.（so…tha且［导的结果状语从句中，不定式短语totryandmatch…作目的状语）.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.（whe「e!l导宾语从句）［语篇解读］本文是说明文，题材为科普知识与现代技术类。本文介绍了海洋专家CurtisEbbesmeyer根据海面上漂浮物的移动研究洋流的独特方法。1.B猜测词义题。由画线短语后面的 “totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear可猜测：此处swapmeetsf旨交易会，故选B项。.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，给鞋业公司打电话的目的就是确认鞋业公司要不要他们的鞋，以便利用那些鞋研究洋流的移动。故选择C项。.A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句EbbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslandedW知,Ebbesmeyerffi明自己的假设成立是通过从海滩拾荒者那里搜集信息来实现的。故选A项。.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，Ebbesmeyer对在海面上发现的任何不明物体都会打电话询问。故选D项。.C主旨大意题。根据第一段第三句However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway.可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是介绍研究洋流的一种独特的方法。故选择C项。Passage2［高级语块］I.lookafter照看;照料2.intheearly1970s在20世纪70年代初3.haveachancetodostlW机会做某事［高级句式］Otherexpertssaythatthebestsolutioniseducation.（th曲导宾语从句）［语篇解读］本文阐述了艺术文化遗产所面临的危机以及人们对这些问题所采取的补救、防范措施。.D由第二段可知选D项。.A根据第三段第二句可知选A项。.D根据最后一段最后四句可知选D项。PartBWriting一、话题语料积累.话题词汇积累①history②slavery③discrimination®freedom⑤evolution⑥fairness⑦divorce⑧knowledge⑨marriage©conventionsessiondefence网virtue悔focus offence闵privilege心apology商|ambassadorI凰abortiona：absence问altitudeappearance慢〔area侬battleI浏battleground陷Bomb border国boycott campaigncave园channel Chinacircuscontinentdistrict因enemy网eventI阅flag funeral卜阳kissmine〔"mineral桂pension㈤phenomenon国p