小学英语语法小结

小学英语语法小结小学英语语法小结小学英语语法小结资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月小学英语语法小结版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：小学英语语法小结名词：有可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和、复数之分。名词复数形式的构成规则：一般在名词词尾“s”如：teacher—teachersegg—eggs以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加’“es”如:class—classesbox—boxesbus—buseswatch—watches以辅音字母+y的名词变y为i加es如：story—storieslibrary—librariesdictionary—dictionarieshobby—hobbies以f,fe结尾的名词，变f,fe为v加es如：life—livesleaf—leaveshalf—halvesknife—kniveswolf—wolveswife—wives以o结尾的名词英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加es如：hero—heroesmango—mangoespotato—potatoestomato--tomatoes其余加s如：zoo—zooskilo—kilosradio—radiosphoto—photospiano—pianos不规则名词单复数形式如：child—childrenman—menwoman--womenfoot—feettooth—teeth有的可数名词单、复数形式相同如：Japanese、Chinese、sleep.如：lhaveonesleep.Hehastwosleep.不可数名词没有复数形式不可数名词有：【1】milk、water、juice、tea、ice;【2】food、rice、meat、fish、chicken、bread、cheese；【3】paper、newspaper、hair、time、money、homework、housework；不可数名词的的数量常表示如下Twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloofcheeseabigofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater人称代词人称代词包括主格和宾格。主格在句中作主语，宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语。主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem我你们你、你们他她它他、她、它们Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Letusgo.ImisseveryoneinChina.Whocanhelpme

Whatishedoing

Heistryingtogetonthebus.Lookathim.Shecan’theat.Thisdoghelpsher.TellmemoreabouttheGreatWall.物主代词物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后需跟名词，名词性物主代词后不用跟。名词性物主代词含义=形容词性物主代词+名词的含义。形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheirs我的我们的你的、你们的他的她的它的他、她、它们的Thisismybook.=Thisbookismine.Thisishiebag=Thisbagishis.Yourwatchisold,buthersisnew.Thanksgivingismyfavouritefestival.Wesay“Thinkyou”forourfood,familyandfriends.四、疑问词who谁what什么when什么时候where哪里whattime几点why为什么how怎么whose谁的howmuch多少howmany多少howold多大whatcolour什么颜色howlong多长whatday那天对人物提问用whoWhogaveittoyouSimon’sfamilygaveittome.WhocanhelpmeIcanhelpyou.对事物或做某事提问用whatWhatdoyouwantIwantahotdog.WhatareyoudoingIamreadingabook.WhatareyougoingtostudyI’mgoingtostudyEnglish.WhatareyougoingtodoWe’regoingtowalkaroundthelake. What’sitabout

It’saboutanimals.3、对时间提问用whenWhenareyougoingtoeat?We’regoingtoeatatha;fpasttwelve.WhenwashebornHewasbornin1809.4、对点钟提问用whattimeWhattimeisitIt’stwelve.WhattimedoyougetupIgetupatsixo’clock.对地点提问用whereWherewashebornHewasborninFrance.WhereareyouIamonthetrain.Where’syourmum

She’satthesupermarket.对原因提问用whyWhyareyouwearingaraincoat?Becauseit’sgoingtorain.对身体状态或方式用howHowareyouI’mfine.Howareyougoingtogotoschool?I’mgoingtogotoschoolbybus.对价钱等不可数名词的数量用howmuchHowmuchisit?It’sthirteendollarsandtwenty-fivecents.Howmuchmilkdoyouwant?Iwanttwobottlesofmilk.对可数名词的数量提问用howmanyHowmanybooksaretheyonthedesk?Therearethreebooksonthedesk.对年龄提问用howoldHowoldareyouI’mtwelve.对“某人的”提问用whoseWhosecapisthisIt’sAmy’scap.WhosepenisthatIt’shispen.对颜色提问用whatcolourWhatcolourisitIt’sblack.对颜色提问用whatdayWhatdayisittodayIt’sMonday.对长度提问用howlongHowlongisitIt’saboutsixthousandsevenhundredkilometers.特殊疑问句语序：疑问词+一般疑问句语序？例：Howdoyougotoschool？疑问词【做主语】+谓词动词+……

例：Wegaveittoyou？五、时态1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生时的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间连用。如yesterday【昨天】，lastweek【上周】，lastmonth【上个月】，lastyear【去年】，twomothsago【两个月前】等。构成：【1】肯定句：主语+动词过去式+……Hemadeavideo.否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+……Hedidn’tmakeavideo.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+……Didhemakeavideo?

【2】be动词用was,were.否定句在was,were后加not。一般疑问句把was，were提前道句首。ShewasborninAmerica.ShewasnotborninAmerica.WassheborninAmerica?2、现在进行时表示现在进行的动作构成：主语+am/is/are+现在分词+……Thebirdsaresinginginthetrees.否定句在am/is/are后加not.Thebirdsarenotsinginginthetrees.一般疑问句把am/is/are提前到句首Arethebirdssinginginthetrees?

3、一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动词或存在的状态。经常与表示将来的时间连用。如tomorrow（明天），nextweek（下周），nextyear（明年）等。构成：（1）主语+will+动词原形+……Hewillpickuptheapples.否定句在will后加not。Hewillnotpickuptheapples。一般疑问句把will提前到句首。Willhepickuptheapples？

（2）主语+begoingto+动词原形+……WearegoingtostudyFrench。否定句在am,is,are后加not。WearenotgoingtostudyFrench。。一般疑问句把am,is,are提前到句首。AreyougoingtostudyFrench？

4、一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。构成：【1】主语+am/is/are+……否定句在am/is/are后加not.一般疑问句把am/is/are提前道句首。HelenKellerisamodelforblindpeopleandforyouandme.【2】肯定句：主语+动词原形……Theduckslikeit.否定句：主语+don’t+动词原形+……Theducksdon’tlikeit.一般疑问句：Do+主语+动词原形+……

Dotheduckslikeit?

【3】肯定句：主语【三单】+动词第三人称形式+……Helikesnoodles.否定句：主语+doesn’t+动词原形+……Hedoesn’tlikenoodles.一般疑问句：Does+主语+动词原形+……Doeshelikenoodles?

六、动词过去式形式规则动词的过去式构成一般在动词词尾加ed如：work--workedplay--playedwatch--watched以e结尾动词在词尾加d如：live--lived以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变i再加ed如:study--studiescopy--copiescry--criescarry--carries有些动词双写最后一个字母再加ed如：stop--stoppeddrop--dropped不规则动词的过去式规律性不强，需多加记忆。动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式gowentcomecamebecomebecamebringbroughtsaysaidputputteachtaughtcancouldreadreadgivegaveam/iswasareweredodidflyflewhavehadmakemaderunranseesawriderodewinwongetgottelltoldeatatesendsenttaketookbuyboughtsitsatmeetmetwritewrotedrawdrewswimswamfallfellrinkdrankringrang动词ing形式也是现在分词形式现在分词的构成规则一般在动词词尾直接加“ing”sleep--sleepinglook--lookingwear--wearingeat--eatingsend--sendingsing--singinggo--goingjump--jumping以不发音的e结尾的动词要去掉e再加上“ing”write--writingcome--comingride--ridinguse--usinghave--havingmake--makingtake--takingshine--shining有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“ing”get--gettingput--puttingsit--sittingrun--runningSwim--swimmingskip--skippingshop--shopping动词第三人称单数形式动词第三人称单数的构成规则大多数动词在词尾加“s”stop--stopsmake--makesread--readsplay--plays以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，先将“y”变为“i”加“es”fly--fliescarry--carriesstudy-studiesworry--worries以“s,x,ch,sh,o”结尾，在词尾加es”teach--teacheswatch--watchesdo--doesgo--goes情态动词can过去式could后加动词原形IcanwriteEnglish.Icancarrythisbag.Icanhelpyou.Wecanalwaysbefriends.Latershecouldreadandwrite.否定句在can，could后加notcannot=can’tcouldnot=couldn’tWecan’tgonow.Ican’twriteChinese.Shecouldn’tseeandshecouldn’thear.Ican’tcarryeverything.Hisfriendscan’thearhim.一般疑问句把can，could提前到句首Canyouswim

Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.CanyouspeakEnglishCanIwritetoyourfriends

CanyoubemyChinesepenpalYes,ofcourse.十、反义词big--smalllong--shortnew--oldtall--shortyoung--oldheavy--lighteasy--hard/difficultup--downearly--latefat--thinwhite--blackcry--laughdifferent--sameinside--outsidehot--coldhappy--sadgood--badclean--dirtybring--takethis--thatthese--thosealways--neverwoman--man十一、同音词