21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册+Unit6

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册+Unit621世纪大学英语读写教程第四册+Unit621世纪大学英语读写教程第四册+Unit6资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册+Unit6版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit6Unit6TextAPre-readingActivitiesFirstListeningBeforelisteningtothetape,haveaquicklookatthefollowingwords.sock短袜EQ情商empathy同情SecondListeningListentothetapeagain.Theychoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.ThelisteningpassagesaysthatEinsteinwasageniusintermsof_______.A)EmotionalIntelligenceor"EQ"B)IntellectualIntelligenceor"IQ"C)bothEQandIQD)neitherEQnorIQ2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanexampleofEmotionalIntelligence?A)Understandingyourownfeelings.B)Understandingthefeelingsofothers.C)Beingabletohandleemotionseffectively.D)Beingsmarterthanothersinyourclass.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenEQandIQ?A)Peopletendtohavemoreofonethantheother.B)Peopletendtohavethesameamountofeach.C)Theyworktogethertomakeyousuccessful.D)Theydependonsuchfactorsassocialclassandhowluckyyouare.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A)Tointroduceanewconcept,EQ,andexplainitssignificance.B)ToexplainwhyEQismoreimportantinlifethanIQ.C)Todiscussdifferentdefinitionsofsuccess.D)Tocriticizetraditionalnotionsofintelligence.TheEQFactorNancyGibbsItturnsoutthatascientistcanseethefuturebywatchingfour-year-oldsinteractwithamarshmallow.Theresearcherinvitesthechildren,onebyone,intoaplainroomandbeginsthegentletorment.Youcanhavethismarshmallowrightnow,hesays.ButifyouwaitwhileIrunanerrand,youcanhavetwomarshmallowswhenIgetback.Andthenheleaves.Somechildrengrabforthetreattheminutehe'soutthedoor.Somelastafewminutesbeforetheygivein.Butothersaredeterminedtowait.Theycovertheireyes;theyputtheirheadsdown;theysingtothemselves;theytrytoplaygamesorevenfallasleep.Whentheresearcherreturns,hegivesthesechildrentheirhard-earnedmarshmallows.Andthen,sciencewaitsforthemtogrowup.Bythetimethechildrenreachhighschool,somethingremarkablehashappened.Asurveyofthechildren'sparentsandteachersfoundthatthosewhoasfour-year-oldshadenoughself-controltoholdoutforthesecondmarshmallowgenerallygrewuptobebetteradjusted,morepopular,adventurous,confidentanddependableteenagers.Thechildrenwhogaveintotemptationearlyonweremorelikelytobelonely,easilyfrustratedandstubborn.Theycouldnotendurestressandshiedawayfromchallenges.AndwhensomeofthestudentsinthetwogroupstooktheScholasticAptitudeTest,thekidswhohadheldoutlongerscoredanaverageof210pointshigher.WhenwethinkofbrillianceweseeEinstein,deep-eyed,woollyhaired,athinkingmachinewithskinandmismatchedsocks.Highachievers,weimagine,werewiredforgreatnessfrombirth.Butthenyouhavetowonderwhy,overtime,naturaltalentseemstoigniteinsomepeopleanddiminothers.Thisiswherethemarshmallowscomein.Itseemsthattheabilitytodelaygratificationisamasterskill,atriumphofthereasoningbrainovertheimpulsiveone.Itisasign,inshort,ofemotionalintelligence.Anditdoesn'tshowuponanIQtest.Formostofthiscentury,scientistshaveworshippedthehardwareofthebrainandthesoftwareofthemind;themessypowersoftheheartwerelefttothepoets.Butcognitivetheorycouldsimplynotexplainthequestionswewonderaboutmost:whysomepeoplejustseemtohaveagiftforlivingwell;whythesmartestkidintheclasswillprobablynotenduptherichest;whywelikesomepeoplevirtuallyonsightanddistrustothers;whysomepeopleremainupbeatinthefaceoftroublesthatwouldsinkalessresilientsoul.Whatqualitiesofthemindorspirit,inshort,determinewhosucceeds?Thephrase"emotionalintelligence"wascoinedbyYalepsychologistPeterSaloveyandtheUniversityofNewHampshire'sJohnMayerfiveyearsagotodescribequalitieslikeunderstandingone'sownfeelings,empathyforthefeelingsofothersand"theregulationofemotioninawaythatenhancesliving."Theirnotionisabouttoboundintothenationalconversation,handilyshortenedtoEQ,thankstoanewbook,EmotionalIntelligencebyDanielGoleman.Goleman,aHarvardpsychologyPh.D.andaNewYorkTimessciencewriterwithagiftformakingeventhemostdifficultscientifictheoriesdigestibletolayreaders,hasbroughttogetheradecade'sworthofbehavioralresearchintohowthemindprocessesfeelings.Hisgoal,heannouncesonthecover,istoredefinewhatitmeanstobesmart.Histhesis:whenitcomestopredictingpeople'ssuccess,brainpowerasmeasuredbyIQandstandardizedachievementtestsmayactuallymatterlessthanthequalitiesofmindoncethoughtofas"character"beforethewordbegantosoundold-fashioned.Atfirstglance,therewouldseemtobelittlethat'snewheretoanyclosereaderoffortunecookies.Theremaybenolessoriginalideathanthenotionthatourheartsholddominionoverourheads."Iwassoangry,"wesay,"Icouldn'tthinkstraight."Neitherisitsurprisingthat"peopleskills"areuseful,whichamountstosaying,it'sgoodtobenice."It'ssotrueit'strivial,"saysDr.PaulMcHugh,directorofpsychiatryatJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Butifitwerethatsimple,thebookwouldnotbequitesointerestingoritsimplicationssocontroversial.Thisisnoabstractinvestigation.Golemanislookingforantidotestorestore"civilitytoourstreetsandcaringtoourcommunallife."Heseespracticalapplicationseverywhereforhowcompaniesshoulddecidewhomtohire,howcouplescanincreasetheoddsthattheirmarriageswilllast,howparentsshouldraisetheirchildrenandhowschoolsshouldteachthem.Whenstreetgangssubstituteforfamiliesandschoolyardinsultsendinstabbings,whenmorethanhalfofmarriagesendindivorce,whenthemajorityofthechildrenmurderedinthiscountryarekilledbyparentsandstepparents,manyofwhomsaytheyweretryingtodisciplinethechildforbehaviorlikeblockingtheTVorcryingtoomuch,itsuggestsademandforremedialemotionaleducation.Anditisheretheargumentswillbreakout.Goleman'shighlypopularizedconclusions,saysMcHugh,"willchillanyveteranscholarofpsychotherapyandanyneuroscientistwhoworriesabouthowhisresearchmaycometobeapplied."Whilemanyresearchersinthisrelativelynewfieldaregladtoseeemotionalissuesfinallytakenseriously,theyfearthatanotionashandyasEQinvitesmisuse.Golemanadmitsthedangerofsuggestingthatyoucanassignanumericalvaluetoaperson'scharacteraswellashisintellect;GolemanneverevenusesthephraseEQinhisbook.Buthedidsomewhatreluctantlyapprovean"unscientific"EQtestinUSATodaywithchoiceslike"IamawareofevensubtlefeelingsasIhavethem,"and"Icansensethepulseofagrouporrelationshipandstateunspokenfeelings.""Youdon'twanttotakeanaverageofyouremotionalskill,"arguesHarvardpsychologyprofessorJeromeKagan,apioneerinchild-developmentresearch."That'swhat'swrongwiththeconceptofintelligenceformentalskillstoo.Somepeoplehandleangerwellbutcan'thandlefear.Somepeoplecan'ttakejoy.Soeachemotionhastobevieweddifferently."EQisnottheoppositeofIQ.Somepeopleareblessedwithalotofboth,somewithlittleofeither.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheycomplementeachother;howone'sabilitytohandlestress,forinstance,affectstheabilitytoconcentrateandputintelligencetouse.Amongtheingredientsforsuccess,researchersnowgenerallyagreethatIQcountsforabout20%;therestdependsoneverythingfromclasstolucktotheneuralpathwaysthathavedevelopedinthebrainovermillionsofyearsofhumanevolution.(1047words)NewWordsEQ(abbr.)emotionalquotient情商interactvi.(with)actorhaveaneffectoneachother相互作用；相互影响marshmallown.softsweetmadefromsugarandgelatine果汁软糖tormentn.severephysicalormentalsuffering（肉体或精神上的）折磨，痛苦vt.causeseveresufferingto折磨；使痛苦errandn.smalljobthatrequiresashortjourney,usu.forsb.else（短程的）差事，差使hard-earneda.gainedwithgreatdifficultyoreffort辛苦挣来的surveyn.investigation调查adventurousa.eagerfororfondofadventure渴望冒险的，喜欢冒险的dependablea.thatmaybedependedon可信赖的，可靠的scholastica.ofschoolsandeducation学校的；的；学业的aptituden.naturalabilityorskill天生的才能或技巧；天资brilliancen.thequalityofbeingbrilliant光辉，辉煌；壮丽；（卓越的）才华，才智woollya.羊毛（制）的；产羊毛的；像羊毛的mismatchvt.match(peopleorthings)wronglyorunsuitably使错配，配合不当sockn.shortstockingcoveringtheankleandlowerpartoftheleg短袜ignitev.(causeto)catchfire,burn（使）着火，燃烧；发光dimv.(causeto)becomedim（使）变暗淡；（使）变模糊；（使）失去光泽impulsivea.(ofpeopleandtheirbehavior)markedbysuddenactionthatisundertakenwithoutcarefulthought（指人或人的行为）凭冲动的；易冲动的messya.inastateofdisorder;dirty:causingdirtordisorder凌乱的；脏的；搞乱的；搞脏的upbeata.optimisticorcheerful乐观的；快乐的resilienta.1.有弹性的，有回弹力的；能复原的2.有复原力的；富有活力的；适应性强的empathyn.abilitytoimagineandshareanotherperson'sfeelings,experience,etc.同情；同感；共鸣handilyad.灵巧地，熟练地；轻易地；近便地digestiblea.thatcanbedigested;relativelyeasytounderstand可消化的；可吸收的；较易理解的behaviorala.ofbehavior行为的thesisn.1.statementortheoryputforwardandsupportedbyargument论题，命题；论点2.longwrittenessaysubmittedbyacandidateforauniversitydegree;dissertation毕业论文；学位standardizevt.make(sth.)conformtoafixedstandard,shape,quality,type,etc.使（某事物）标准化；使合乎标准（或规格）fortunen.1.largeamountofmoney;wealth大笔的钱；财2.chance;luck机会；运气3.person'sdestinyorfuture;fate命运；前途cookien.biscuit饼干fortunecookie(U.S.)thinbiscuit,foldedtoholdaprintedmessage(e.g.aproverb,prophecyorjoke)servedinChineserestaurants（美）签语饼（中国餐馆的折叠形小饼，内有纸条，上写预测运气的格言或幽默套语）dominionn.(over)rule;powerfulauthority;effectivecontrol统治；管辖；支配；控制straightad.clearly,logically清晰地；有条理地controversiala.causingorlikelytocauseargumentordisagreement引起争论的；有争议的abstracta.existinginthoughtorasanideabutnothavingaphysicalorpracticalexistence抽象的antidoten.解毒药；（喻）矫正方法，对抗手段civilityn.factoractofshowingpoliteness;actofbeingcivilized礼貌，客气，谦恭communala.1.oforreferringtoacommuneoracommunity公共的；社区的，集体的2.fortheuseofall;shared公用的；共有的oddsn.(pl.)probabilityorchance可能性；机会schoolyardn.校园；操场stabvt.pierce(sth.)orwound(sb.)withapointedtoolorweapon;push(aknife,etc.)intosb./sth.戳（某物）；刺（某人）；用（刀等）刺（或戳、捅）某人（或某物）stabbingn.instanceofstabbingorbeingstabbed用利器伤人stepparentn.继父，后父；继母，后母remedyn.药品；治疗（法）；补救办法；纠正办法vt.医治；治疗；补救；纠正remediala.补救的；纠正的；补习的popularizevt.1.make(sth.)generallyliked使（某事物）被大家喜欢，使受大家欢迎2.make(sth.)knownoravailabletothegeneralpublic,esp.bypresentingitinaneasilyunderstandableform使（某事物）众所周知；使普及chillvt.1.makecold使变冷；使冷却；使感到冷2.discourage使沮丧；使扫兴n.寒冷；风寒；冷淡；沮丧；扫兴scholarn.personwhostudiesanacademicsubjectdeeply学者psychotherapyn.treatmentofmentaldisordersbypsychologicalmethods精神疗法；心理疗法neuroscientistn.神经系统家handya.(ofanobject,tool,machine,etc.)easytouse;usefulforsomepurpose便于使用的；有用的numericala.of,expressedinorrepresentingnumbers数字的；用数字表示的；代表数字的approvevt.1.haveapositiveopinionof赞成；称许2.accept,permitorofficiallyagreeto批准；允许；对…表示认可neurala.thenerves神经的pathwayn.wayortrackmadefororbypeoplewalking小路，小径（=path）PhrasesandExpressionsonebyoneseparately;individuallyinorder一个一个地；依次地rightnowimmediately;atthismoment立即；此刻runa