0181《语言学导论》 在线作业及参考答案

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！第1批作业[单选题]Whenlanguageisusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas,itservesa_____function.A:expressiveB:evocativeC:performativeD:phatic参考答案：D[判断题]ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.参考答案：错误[单选题]_____isthestudyofmeaninginlanguage.A:SyntaxB:AppliedlinguisticsC:MorphologyD:Semantics参考答案：D[单选题]By_____,wemeanlanguagecanrefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.A:culturaltransmissionB:interchangeabilityC:displacementD:creativity参考答案：C[单选题]WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE:A:Languageisjustforcommunication.B:Languageisoneofmanywaysinwhichweexperiencetheworld.C:Languageisasignsystem.D:Languageisarbitraryandconventional.参考答案：A[单选题]Ofthefollowingsounds,______isaroundedvowel.A:[au]B:[u:]C:[ju:]D:[e]参考答案：B[单选题]Thereare______morphemesintheword"policemen".A:twoB:threeC:fourD:five参考答案：B[单选题]Thesyllabicstructureoftheword"children"is______.A:CVCCVCB:CCVCCCVCC:CCVCCVCD:CVVCCVC参考答案：A[单选题]_____areproducedwhenthenasalpassageisopenedbyloweringthesoftpalateantthebackofthethroatandtheairisallowedtopassthroughit.A:Semi-vowelsB:AffricatesC:NasalsD:Glides参考答案：C[单选题]_____studiesthechangesinlanguageandlanguageusewithrespecttosocialfactors.A:SociolinguisticsB:ComparativelinguisticsC:SyntaxD:Computationallinguistics参考答案：A[单选题]A______isanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichanaffixcadded.A:rootB:freemorphemeC:stemD:suffix参考答案：C[单选题]Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsdoesnotaccountfortheprimacyofspeechoverwritinginlinguisticanalysis?_______A:Speechexistedlongbeforewritingsystemscameintobeing.B:Speechismorecomplexthanwriting.C:Geneticallychildrenlearntospeakbeforelearningtowrite.D:Writtenformsjustrepresentinthiswayorthatthespeechsounds.参考答案：B[单选题]Foreignlanguagelearners'errorsmaybecausedby________.A:borrowingpatternsfromthemothertongueB:extendingpatternsformthetargetlanguage,e.g.byanalogyC:expressingmeaningsusingthewordsandgrammarwhicharealreadyknownD:alltheabovethree参考答案：D[单选题]Languageservesthe________functionwhenitisusedtoexpressthespeaker'sfeelingorattitudeortoarouseacertainfeelingorattitudeinthehearer.A:phaticB:informativeC:emotiveD:directive参考答案：C[单选题]Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.A：FalseB：True参考答案：B[判断题]Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.参考答案：错误[单选题]Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______.A：prescriptiveB：analyticC：descriptiveD：linguistic参考答案：C[单选题]Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas_____.A：primaryB：betterC：secondaryD：unchangeable参考答案：C[单选题]Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_____andmeanings.A：senseB：soundsC：objectsD：ideas参考答案：B[单选题]Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A：ArbitrarinessB：DisplacementC：DualityD：Meaningfulness参考答案：D[判断题]Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.参考答案：错误[判断题]Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.参考答案：正确[单选题]Thebranchoflinguisticstudycalled_____isconcernedwithhowspeakersusethesentencesofalanguagetoachieveeffectiveandsuccessfulcommunication.A:sociolinguisticsB:pragmaticsC:syntaxD:computationallinguistics参考答案：B第2批作业[判断题]Aperson'ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.参考答案：错误[判断题]Componentialanalysisisawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.参考答案：正确[判断题]Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.参考答案：错误[判断题]Derivationreferstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbytheadditionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.参考答案：正确[判断题]Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.参考答案：错误[判断题]ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceisproposedbyHalliday.参考答案：错误[判断题]Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.参考答案：错误[判断题]Hyponymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.参考答案：错误[判断题]Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.参考答案：正确[判断题]“alive”and“dead”arecomplementaryantonyms.参考答案：正确[判断题]Languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother,fromoneregionalgrouptoanother,fromonesocialgrouptoanother,andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.参考答案：正确[判断题]Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.参考答案：错误[判断题]Somelanguagesareinferior,orsuperior,tootherlanguages.参考答案：错误[判断题]Forthevastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccursspontaneouslyandrequireslittleconsciousinstructiononthepartofadults.参考答案：正确[判断题]Observationsofchildrenindifferentlanguageareasoftheworldrevealthatthedevelopmentalstagesaresimilar,possiblyuniversal,whateverthenatureoftheinput.参考答案：正确[判断题]Pidginsarelinguisticallyinferiortostandardlanguages.参考答案：错误[判断题]Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.参考答案：正确[判断题]“Smog”isawordformedbytheword-formingprocesscalledacronymy.参考答案：错误[判断题]TheCooperativePrincipleisadvancedbyPaulGrice.参考答案：正确[判断题]Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.参考答案：错误第3批作业[填空题]The_______relationisarelationholdingbetweenelementsreplaceablewitheachotherataparticularplaceinastructure,orbetweenoneelementpresentandtheothersabsent.参考答案：paradigmatic[填空题]"PoorJohn"and"ranaway"arethe_____constituentsofthesentence"PoorJohnranaway".参考答案：immediate[填空题]MichaelA.K.Hallidayhasdevelopedthe______grammar.参考答案：systemic-functional[填空题]Thetransformational-generativegrammarwasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistNoam______.参考答案：Chomsky[填空题]Theword"brunch"isformedbywayof_____from"breakfast"and"lunch".参考答案：blending[填空题]_______isthestudyoftehformationofsentencesinalanguage.参考答案：Syntax[填空题]____isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.参考答案：Morpheme[填空题]A____isanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichanaffixcanbeadded.参考答案：stem[填空题]Morphemesthatmayconstitutewordsbythemselvesare______.参考答案：freemorphemes[填空题]A____isthebaseformofawordthatcannotfurtherbeanalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.参考答案：root[填空题]______affixesdonotchangethewordclassofthewordtheyattachto.参考答案：Inflectional[填空题]"WTO"isanTradeOrganization".参考答案：acronym第4批作业______madeupfromtehfirstlettersofthenameoftheorganization"World[判断题]Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.参考答案：正确[单选题]Infirstlanguageacquisition,imitationplays___.A：aminorroleB：asignificantroleC：abasicroleD：norole参考答案：A[单选题]Thesyllabicstructureoftheword"achieved”is______.A:VCCVCCB:VCVCCC:VCVVCVCD:VCCVCVC参考答案：B[单选题]_______areboundmorphemesbecausetheycannotbeusedasseparatewords.A:RootsB:StemsC:AffixesD:Compounds参考答案：C[单选题]Therelationbetweenthetwowords"buy”and"sell”canbedescribedas____.A:gradableantonymyB:converseantonymyC:complementaryantonymyD:synonymy参考答案：B[单选题]ManyChineseEnglishlearnersmay,atthebeginningstage,produce"mans”and"photoes”asthepluralformsof"man”and"photo”.Thisismostlikelytheresultof_______intheprocessofforeignlanguagelearning.A:NegativetransferB:OvergeneralizationC:PositivetransferD:mothertongueinterference参考答案：B[单选题]Whichofthefollowingqualitiesisnottherequirementofagoodtest?_______.A:ObjectivityB:ReliabilityC:ValidityD:BothAandC参考答案：A[单选题]Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmachinetranslationislikelytobewrong?_______.A:Machinetranslationhasalwaysbeenachiefconcernincomputationallinguistics.B:Thereareareaswheremachinetranslationsurpasseshumantranslations.C:Soonerorlater,machinetranslationwillreplacehumantranslationcompletely.D:Insomeareas,humantranslationssurpassesmachinetranslation.参考答案：C[单选题]Teachingcultureinourlanguageclassescan_______.A:getthestudentsfamiliarwithculturaldifferencesB:helpthestudentstranscendtheirowncultureandseethingsasthemembersofthetargetculturewillC:emphasizetheinseparabilityofunderstandinglanguageandunderstandingculturethroughvariousclassroompracticesD:Alloftheabove.参考答案：D[单选题]AccordingtoGrice'stheory,aconversationalimplicatureariseswhenthecooperativeprincipleanditsmaximsare_______.A:strictlyobservedB:secretlyanddeliberatelyviolatedC:blatantlyorapparentlyviolatedD:BothAandB参考答案：C[单选题]Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.A：voicelessB：voicedC：vowelD：consonantal参考答案：A[单选题]Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe_____.A：inphonemiccontrastB：incomplementarydistributionC：theallophonesD：minimalpair参考答案：A[单选题]Thesound/f/is____.A：voicedpalatalaffricateB：voicedalveolarstopC：voicelessvelarfricativeD：voicelesslabiodentalfricative参考答案：D[单选题]Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_____.A：lexicalB：morphemicC：grammaticalD：semantic参考答案：C[单选题]____isavoicedalveolarstop.A：/z/B：/d/C：/k/D：/b/参考答案：B[单选题]Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby"copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones______.A：identicalB：sam