2016英语专八新题型阅读模拟训练附详细答案解析(一)

2016英语专八新题型阅读模拟训练附详细答案解析(一)2016英语专八新题型阅读模拟训练附详细答案解析(一)2016英语专八新题型阅读模拟训练附详细答案解析(一)2016英语专八新题型阅读模拟训练附详细答案解析(一)编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:ENGLISHDEPARTMENTOFTOURISMOFCISISUMODELTESTFORENGLISHMAJORS（1）-GRADEEIGHT-SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSPASSAGEONEFromtheChryslerCorporationtotheCentralIntelligenceAgency,culturaldiversityprogramsareflourishinginAmericanorganizationstoday.Firmscannolongersafelyassumethateveryemployeewalkinginthedoorhassimilarbeliefsorexpectations.WhereasNorthAmericanwhitemalesmaybelieveinchallengingauthority,Asianstendtorespectanddefertoit.InHispaniccultures,peopleoftenbringmusic,food,andfamilymemberstowork,acustomthatU.S.businesseshavetraditionallynotallowed.Ajobapplicantwhowon'tmakeeyecontactduringaninterviewmayberejectedforbeingunapproachable,whenaccordingtoherculture,shewasjustbeingpolite.Asalargernumberofwomen,minorities,andimmigrantsentertheU.S.workforce,theworkplaceisgrowingmorediverse.Itisestimatedthatby2008womenwillmakeupabout48percentoftheU.S.workforce,andAfricanAmericansandHispanicswilleachaccountforabout11percent;bytheyear2050,minoritieswillmakeupover50percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Culturaldiversityreferstothedifferencesamongpeopleinaworkforceduetorace,ethnicity,andgender.Increasingculturaldiversityisforcingmanagerstolearntosuperviseandmotivatepeoplewithabroaderrangeofvaluessystems.AccordingtoarecentsurveybytheAmericanManagementAssociation,halfofallU.S.employershaveestablishedsomekindofformalinitiativetopromoteandmanageculturaldiversity.Althoughdemographicsisn'ttheonlyreasonforthegrowthoftheseprograms,itisacompellingone.Anincreasingnumberoforganizationshavecometobelievethatdiversity,likequalityandcustomerservice,isacompetitiveedge.Amorediverseworkforceprovidesawiderrangeofideasandperspectivesandfosterscreativityandinnovation.Avenuesforencouragingdiversityincluderecruitingathistoricallyblackcollegesanduniversities,traininganddevelopment,mentoring,andrevampedpromotionreviewpolicies.Togetoutthemessageabouttheircommitmenttodiversity,manyorganizationsestablishdiversitycouncilsmadeupofemployees,managersandexecutives.AlthoughmanyFortune500companiesaremakingdiversitypartoftheirstrategicplanningprocess,someprogramsstandoutfromthecrowd.AtTexasInstruments,strategiesforenhancingdiversityincludeanaggressiverecruitingplan,diversitytraining,mentoring,andanincentivecompensationprogramthatrewardsmanagersforfosteringdiversity.Eachbusinessunithasadiversitymanagerwhoimplementsthesestrategiesandworkscloselywiththecompany'sDiversityNetwork.Thenetworkprovidesaforumofemployeestoshareideas,solicitsupport,andbuildcoalitions.Convincedthatstrengtheningdiversityisabusinessimperative,DuPonthasestablishedseveralprogramstoachievethatgoal.Inadditiontotrainingworkshopsandmentoring,DuPonthasestablishedover100multiculturalnetworksthroughwhichemployeesshareworkandlifeexperiencesandstrivetohelpwomenandminoritiesreachhigherlevelsofleadershipandresponsibilitywithintheorganization.OverhalfofDuPont'snewhiresforprofessionalandmanagerialpositionsareminoritiesandwomen.DisneyWorld'sdirectorofdiversitywantsthemeparkgueststoseethemselvesreflectedinthediversityofDisney'semployees.Workingtoattractdiverseemployees,Disneyhopestoconvincethemthattheorganizationunderstands,respects,andvalueswhotheyare.Byholdingavarietyofdiversitycelebrationseveryyear—includingDr.MartinLutherKing'sBirthday,Asian-PacificHeritageMonth,HispanicHeritageMonth,DisabilityAwarenessMonth,andNativeAmericanHeritageMonth—Disneyopensthedoortothiskindofunderstanding.Whatdowelearnfromstrong,successfuldiversityprogramsuchasthese,aswellassimilarprogramsatMicrosoft,Xerox,Procter&GambleandDigitalEquipmentCorporationFirst,theycangoalongwaytowardeliminatingprejudiceintheworkplaceandremovingbarrierstoadvancement.Second,tobemorethanjustthelatestcorporatebuzzword,diversityprogramsrequirecommitmentfromthetopandaculturethatsupportsaninclusiveenvironment.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasculturaldiversityinthepassage?

A.Asianpeopletendtoshowsubmissivenesstotheirseniors.B.Spanish-speakingpeopleenjoygatheringwiththeirfamilymembers.C.Africanpeopletrytoavoideyecontacttoshowtheirrespect.D.Americansmightbeinnovatorsdefyingtheexpertsinsomefields.2.Foracompanytobesuccessfulinbusiness,itshoulddoallofthefollowingEXCEPTto_________A.setupadivisiontosuperviseitsemployees.B.provideitsclientswithgoodservices.C.guaranteetheproductsithasproduced.D.takeinemployeeswithdifferentculturalbackground.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatdiversityprograms____________A.havebeenputintopracticebydozensofbigcorporations.B.mayprovidetheminoritieswithmorechances.C.makenodemandofmanagers.D.haveaneffectonemployees'motivation.PASSAGETWOManythoughtfulparentswanttoshieldtheirchildrenfromfeelingsofguiltorshameinmuchthesamewaythattheywanttosparethemfromfear.Guiltandshameasmethodsofdisciplinearetobeeschewedalongwithraisedhandsandleatherstraps.Fear,guiltandshameasmethodsofmoralinstructionareseenasfailuresindecentparenting.Parentswanttheirchildrentobehappyandhowcanyoufeelhappywhenyouarefeelingguilty,fearfulorashamedIfwewerereallyconvincedthatusingfear,guiltorshameasmethodsofdisciplineworked,though,wemightbemorereadytousethemastechniques.Butwearen'tconvincedthatthisisthecase.Wewon'thavemoresociallyresponsiblepeopleiffear,guiltandshamearepartoftheirdisciplinarydietaschildren.Instead,wewillsimplyhaveunhappypeople.Responsiblebehaviorhasnothingtodowiththetraditionalmethodsofraisingmoralchildren.Thisdoesn'tmeanthatguiltisn'tanimportantfeeling.Itis.Guilthelpskeeppeopleontherightmoraltrack.Butguiltisaderivativeemotion,onethatfollowsfromhavingviolatedaninternalizedmoralstandard.Thisisfardifferentthanmakingsomeonefeelguiltyinordertocreatethestandardinthefirstinstance.Mywifeonceeditedamagazineabouthunger.Aviewheldbymanyassociatedwiththesponsoringorganizationclaimed:Youcan'tgetpeopletogivemoneytostarvingchildrenbymakingthemfeelguilty.Sothemagazinedidn'tshowpicturesofstarvingchildren,childrenwithdolefuleyes.Instead,therewerephotosofwomeninthefields,portraitsofpeasantfarmersandpicturesofpoliticalorganizers.Butthepublishersweren'tcompletelyrightaboutbelievingthatguilt-inducingpicturesdon'tleadtomoralaction.Infact,itwasthegraphicpicturesofstarvingchildreninSomaliathatcalledtheworld'sattentiontothediresituationthere.Thepoweroftelevisionisthatitdoesbringimagesofothers'tragediesdirectlyintoourhome.Norationalanalysiscandothesame.Whenwearemovedtopity,weshouldalsobemovedtoaction.Ifwedon'tdoanything,thenwefeelguilty.Webecomepartoftheproblemweseeandfeelguiltyforlettingbadthingshappentopeople.HowcanI,goodpersonthatIam,letthiscontinueWhathaveprickedtheconsciencehereareguiltyfeelings.Guiltyfeelingsarisewhenwehaveviolatedamoralnormthatweacceptasvalid.Apersonwhofeelsguilty,notesphilosopherHerbertMorris,isonewhohasinternalizednormsand,assuch,iscommittedtoavoidingwrong.Themerefactthatthewrongisbelievedtohaveoccurred,regardlessofwhobearsresponsibilityforit,naturallycausesdistress.Whenweareattachedtoaperson,injurytothatpersoncausesuspainregardlessofwhoorwhathasoccasionedtheinjury.Weneedn'tbelievethatwehadcontroloverhurting(ornothelping)anotherpersoninordertofeelguilty.PsychologistsNicoFrijdaandBatjaMesquitaoftheUniversityofAmsterdamfindthatpeoplefeelguiltyabouthavingharmedsomeoneevenwhenitwasaccidental.Nearlyhalfthepeopletheyinterviewedfeltguiltyforhavingcausedunintendedharm,suchashurtingone'smotherwhenleavinghometomarry.Unintentionalharmmayleadtoasstrongguiltyfeelingsasintentionalharm.Inotherwords,beingcarelessisasmuchasourceofguiltasintentionalharm.Wesay,IfonlyIhadbeenmorecareful,IfonlyIhadpaidmoreattention,IfonlyIwereabetterdriver.Thefactthatacourtmaynotevenbringchargesagainstyouinthefirstplacemayhelptoassuagesomeofthepainbutitdoesn'tremoveallthefeelingsofguilt.Thefeelingisusefulinsofarasitmakesusmorecautious,makesusbetterdriversormovesustosociallyresponsibleaction.Thesociopathneverexperiencessuchfeelingsandthereforeposesadangertosociety;theneuroticexperiencessomuchofitthathecan'tfunctionnormallyinsociety.Feelingguiltyforharmyouhavecausedwhenyouaren'tresponsibleispossiblebecausethereisamoregeneralizedreadinesstoacceptresponsibilityforyouractions.Guiltariseswhenwethinkwehavehadchoicesandthenhavemadethewrongmoralchoice.Guiltandresponsibilityappeartogotogether.Ifwedoharmandfeelnoguilty,thenwedon'tbelieveweareresponsibleforwhatwe'vedone.Thismeansthatweseeourselvesasvictims—ofcircumstances,ofcoercion,ofignoranceandsoforth.Rememberthatpeoplewhothinkofthemselvesasvictimsdosobecausetheybelievetheyhavenocontrolovereventsintheirlives.Theydon'tfeelresponsibleandthereforedon'tfeelguiltyeither.Severaltacticscanbeusedindisavowingresponsibility:followingthecrowd,itissomeoneelse'sproblem,itwasdoneundercoercion.Noneofusisperfectandthatweliveinanimperfectworld.Thismeansthatwecan'tavoidhurtingothers.Ifweacceptthis,thenwehavetoacceptguiltyfeelingsasaconsequenceofbeingmoralpeople.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutguiltmightthewriteragreewith?

A.Guiltisusedasamethodtodisciplinechildren.B.Tosetupamoralstandard,youshouldfeelguilty.C.Guiltisafeelingthatcomeswithbreakingsomemoralstandard.D.Thefeelingofguiltoftengoestogetherwithshameandfear.5.ThepublishersofthemagazinementionedinthethirdparagraphthinkA.guilt-inducingphotoscanbringonmoralaction.B.it'snotsurewhetherguilt-inducingphotosbringonmoralaction.C.guilt-inducingphotospartiallyhelpbringonmoralaction.D.moralactionhasnothingtodowithguilt-inducingphotos.6.Peoplewillfeelpainfulwhenaperson_____ishurtnomatterwhatcausestheinjury.A.theyknow B.theylove C.theyhate D.theyvalue7.Thewritermentions_____asapairtoindicatethatpeopleshouldhavemoderatefeelingsofguilt.A.eccentricpeopleandfashionablepeople B.overanxiouspeopleandlesssociablepeopleC.sociablepeopleandhealthypeople D.reservedpeopleandradicalpeople8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanexcusesomepeoplemakefordenyingtheirresponsibility?

A.Theywentwiththestream. B.Theyweremisledbyothers.C.Theywereforcedtodoit. D.Otherpeopleshouldbeartheblame.PASSAGETHREEHigh,highabovetheNorthPole,onthefirstdayof1969,twoprofessorsofEnglishliteratureapproachedeachotheratacombinedvelocityof1,200miles’hour.Theywereprotectedfromthethin,coldairbythepressurizedcabinsoftwoBoeing707s,andfromtheriskofcollisionbytheprudentarrangementoftheinternationalaircorridors.Althoughtheyhadnevermet,thetwomenwereknowntoeachotherbyname.Theywere,infact,inprocessofexchangingpostsforthenextsixmonths,andinanageofmoreleisurelytransportationtheintersectionoftheirrespectiveroutesmighthavebeenmarkedbysomeinterestinghumangesture:hadtheywaved,forexample,fromthedecksoftwooceanlinerscrossinginmid-Atlantic,eachmansimultaneouslyfocusingatelescope,bychance,ontheother,withhisfreehand;or,moreplausibly,alittlemimeofmutualappraisalmighthavebeenplayedoutthroughthewindowsoftworailwaycompartmentshaltedsidebysideatthesamestationsomewhereinHampshireortheMid-West,themoreself-consciouspartyrelievedtofeelhimself,atlast,movingoff,onlytodiscoverthatitistheotherman'strainthatismovingfirst...However,itwasnottobe.Sincethetwomenwereinairplanes,andonewasboredandtheotherfrightenedoflookingoutofthewindow;since,inanyease,theplanesweretoodistantfromeachothertobemutuallyvisiblewiththenakedeye,thecrossingoftheirpathsatthestillpointoftheturningworldpassedunremarkedbyanyoneotherthanthenarratorofthisduplexchronicle.“Duplex”aswellashavingthegeneralmeaningoftwo-foldappliesinthejargonofelectricaltelegraphytosystemsinwhichmessagesaresentsimultaneouslyinoppositedirections.Imagine,ifyouwill,thateachofthesetwoprofessorsofEnglishLiteratureisconnectedtohisnativeland,placeofemploymentanddomestichearthbyaninfinitelyelasticcordofemotions,attitudesandvalues:acordwhichstretchesandstretchesalmosttothepointofinvisibility,butneverquitetobreaking-point,ashehurtlesthroughtheairat600milesperhour.Imaginethatwhenthetwomenalightineachother’s'territory,andgoabouttheirbusinessandpleasure,whatevervibrationsarepassedbackbyonetohisnativehabitatwillbefeltbytheother,andviceversa,andthusreturntothetransmittersubtlymodifiedbytheresponseoftheotherparty;may,indeed,returntohimalongtheotherparty'scordofcommunication,whichis,afterallanchoredintheplacewherehehasjustarrived.Oneofthesedifferenceswecantakeinataglancefromourprivilegednarrativealtitude(higherthanthatofanyjet).Itisobvious,fromhisstiff,uprightposture,andfulsomegratitudetothestewardessservinghimaglassoforangejuice,thatPhilipSwallow,flyingwestward,isunaccustomedtoairtravel;whiletoMorrisZapp,slouchedintheseatofhiseastboundaircraft,chewingadeadcigar(ahostesshasmadehimextinguishit)andgloweringatthemeagerportionoficedissolvinginhisplastictumblerofbourbon,theexperienceoflong-distanceairtravelistediouslyfamiliar.PhilipSwallowhas,infact,flownbefore;butsoseldom,andatsuchlongintervals9thatoneachoccasionhesuffersthesametrauma,analternatingcurrentoffearandre-assurancethatchargesandrelaxeshissysteminapersistentandexhaustingrhythm.Whileheisontheground,preparingforhisjourney,hethinksofflyingwithexhilaration:soaringup,upandawayintothebluesky,cradledinaircraftthatseem,fromadistance,effortlesslyathomeinthatelement,asthoughsculptedfromtheskyitself.Thisconfidencebeginstofadealittlewhenhearrivesattheairportandwincesattheshrillscreamingofjetengines.Intheskytheplaneslookverysmall.Ontherunwaystheylookverybig.Therefore,closeuptheyshouldlookevenbiggerbutinfacttheydon't.Hisownplane,forinstance,justoutsidethewindowoftheassemblylounge,doesn'tlookquitebigenoughforallthepeoplewhoaregoingtogetintoit.Thisimpressionisconfirmedwhenhepassesthroughthetunnelintothecabinoftheaircraft,acrampedtubefullofwrithinglimbs.Butwhenhe,andtheotherpassengers,areseated,well-beingreturns.Theseatsare80remarkablycomfortablethatonefeelsquitecontenttostayput,butitisreassuringthattheaisleisfreeshouldonewishtowalkupit.Thereissoothingmusicplaying.Thelightingisrestful.Astewardessoffershimthemorningpaper.Hisbaggageissafelystowedawayintheplanesomewhere,orifitisnot,thatisn'thisfault,whichisthemainthing.Flyingis,afterall,theonlywaytotravel.9.Whenthewritertalksabouttwoshipsandtwotrains,infactheis_________A.recallinghispastexperience. B.expressinghisregretoverhispasttime.C.imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedinthepast. D.remindingthereaderthatweoweourconveniencetothem.10.Accordingtothepassage,_____connectsthetwoprofessorswiththeirmotherlands.A.aspringyrope B.aninvisiblefeeling C.aseriesofevents D.telecommunication11.Theword“fulsome”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans_________A.polite. B.superfluous. C.insincere.D.euphemistic. PASSAGEFOUROurnexttaskistoconsiderthepoliciesandprinciplesaruleroughttofollowindealingwithhissubjectsorwithhisfriends.SinceIknowmanypeoplehavewrittenonthissubject,Iamconcerneditmaybethoughtpresumptuousformetowriteonitaswell,especiallysincewhatIhavetosay,asregardsthisquestioninparticular,willdiffergreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers.Butmyhopeistowriteabookthatwillbeuseful,atleasttothosewhoreaditintelligently,andsoIthoughtitsensibletogostraighttoadiscussionofhowthingsareinreallifeandnotwastetimewithadiscussionofanimaginaryworld.Formanyauthorshaveconstructedimaginaryrepublicsandprincipalitiesthathaveneverexistedinpracticeandnevercould;forthegapbetweenhowpeopleactuallybehaveandhowtheyoughttobehaveissogreatthatanyonewhoignoreseverydayrealityinordertoliveuptoanidealwillsoondiscoverhehasbeentaughthowtodestroyhimself,nothowtopreservehimself.Foranyonewhowantstoactthepartofagoodmaninallcircumstanceswillbringabouthisownruin,forthosehehastodealwithwillnotallbegood.Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontoPower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.Letusleavetooneside,thenalldiscussionofimaginaryrulersandtalkaboutpracticalrealities.Imaintainthatallmen,whenpeopletalkaboutthem,andespeciallyrulers,becausetheyholdpositionsofauthority,aredescribedintermsofqualitiesthatareinextricablylinkedtocensureortopraise.Soonemanisdescribedasgenerous,anotherasamiser;oneiscalledopen-handed,anothertight-fisted;onemaniscruel,anothergentle;oneuntrustworthy9anotherreliable;oneeffeminateandcowardly,anotherboldandviolent;onesympathetic,anotherself-important;onepromiscuous,anothermonogamous;onestraightforward,anotherduplicitous;onetough,anothereasy-going;oneserious,anothercheerful;onereligious,anotheratheistically;andsoon.NowIknoweveryonewillagreethatifarulercouldhaveallthegoodqualitiesIhavelistedandnoneofthebadones,thenthiswouldbeanexcellentstateofaffairs.Butonecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion,forwedonotliveinanidealworld.Youhavetobecannyenoughtoavoidbeingthoughttohavethoseevilqualitiesthatwouldmakeitimpossibleforyoutoretainpower;asforthosethatarecompatiblewithholdingontopower,youshouldavoidthemifyoucan;butifyoucannot,thenyoushouldnotworrytoomuchifpeoplesayyouhavethem.Aboveall,donotbeupsetifyouaresupposedtohavethosevicesarulerneedsifheisgoingtostaysecurelyinpower,for,ifyouthinkaboutit,youwillrealizetherearesomewaysofbehavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous,butwouldleadtoyourdownfall,andothersthataresupposedtobewicked，butwillleadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.12.Theword“presumptuous”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans__________A.showingdishonesty. B.showingrebellion. C.showingsubmission. D.showingdisrespect.13.Ifarulerfollowsotherauthors'suggestion,hemightA.tryhisbesttobeagoodeggallthetime. B.understandtheimportanceofanauthoritativestatement.C.trytogaingreatfameandhighprestige. D.knowwhentobekindandwhentobecruel.14. Inthebook,theauthor'sdiscussionmostlikelyfocusesonA.presentingarealworldtohisreaders. B.describinganidealsocietytohisreaders.C.explaininghowtoconstructaperfectsystem. D.illustratingwhatawiserulershoulddo.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSPASSAGEONE15.WhydoestheauthormentionDuPont’sdiversityprogramsinthesixthparagraph?PASSAGETWO16.Whatdoestheword“assuage”intheseventhparagraphmeanPASSAGETHREE17.WhydidthetwoprofessorsofEnglishliteraturetaketheirflights?18.Whatdoes“thesametrauma”refertointhethirdparagraph?19.WhendoesPhilipSwallowfeelcomfortablePASSAGEFOUR20.Whatisthegenerallyacceptedstateofhighestperfectionforaruler?21.Whatdoesarulerneedifhewantstosecurethepowerinhisownhands?22.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?参考答案及解析1参考答案：C细节题。首段第三句说提到，北美的白人男性也许会将挑战当权者作为自己的信仰，而亚洲人一般会对当权者十分尊重，而且言听计从。[A]和[D]符合文意，故排除；第四句提到，拉美文化背景的人们常常是听着音乐，连吃带喝，拖家带口来上班，虽然美国公司从来没有容许过这样的习惯，[B]符合文意，故排除；第五句提到，在面试中没有目光交流的应聘者会因为不善于沟通而被刷下来，然而也许按照她的文化习俗，这些举动只是礼貌的表现，但没有明确指出非洲人这样做，故[C]为正确答案。2.参考答案：A细节题。第三段第五句提到，越来越多的企业与机构已经意识到，同产品质量与客户服务一样，员工的多元化也可以成为竞争优势。这说明过硬的产品质量、优质的客户服务、多元化的员工都会让一个企业具有竞争优势,取得成功，只有[A]没有提及，故为答案。3.参考答案：B推断题。末段提到了多元文化的好处，首先是这些计划非常有助于消除工作中的歧视以及进步障碍。可见实行了多元文化，少数民族员工会得到平等对待，有更多的机会，故[B]为答案。末段没有指出实施多元文化的公司数量，不能推断出有许多公司已经投入实施，排除[A]；该段末句提到：“其次，多元文化计划并不仅仅是一种时髦的说法，它需要企业的决策者做出承诺，还需要有一个兼容并包的工作文化氛围显然多元文化需要公司经理们的努力，排除[C]；从末段中无法推出[D]，故排除。4.参考答案：C系统解析：细节题。第二段第四句指出，内疚是一种后天才有的情感，是违背了内在道德标准后而衍生出来的感觉。故[C]为答案。首段第五、六句指出，然而，如果我们真正坚信用恐惧、内疚和羞耻进行教育行之有效的话，我们或许更乐意把它们当作教育孩子的方法和手段。但我们不相信这真的会有效。故排除[A]；首段第三句指出，人们认为使用恐惧、内疚和羞耻感的方法培养道德观不是一种良好的教育手段。故排除[B]；虽然提到了内疚，羞耻和恐惧，但没有提及三种情感相伴相生，故排除[D]。5.参考答案：D细节题。第三段第五句指出，出版商不相信使人们感到内疚的画面能唤起道德行为，但他们在这一点上并不完全正确。故[D]为答案，排除[B]和[C]；该段提到了让人们内疚的画面会让人们采取道德行为，但这是作者的观点，不是出版商的观点，排除[A]。6.参考答案：B系统解析：细节题。第五段倒数第二句指出，当我们喜爱一个人时，他（她）所受到的伤害使我们觉得心痛而不去考虑是什么引起的伤害。故[B]为答案。7.参考答案：B细节题。第八段最后提到两类人：那些反社会的人从没有过这种感受，因此他们对社会造成了危害，神经质的人又经历了太多的这种感受以致不能在社会上正常行使职责。故[B]为答案。8.参考答案：B细节题。倒数第二段指出：他们不觉得有责任因此也不觉得有罪，便用一些手段逃避责任：随大流，那是其他人的问题，是在威胁下做的。可见，[A]、[C]和[D]都是逃避责任的借口，只有[B]不是，故为答案。9.参考答案：C推断题。首段第四句指出，在一个交通从容悠闲的时代，这两个人路线的交点可能会记下一些有趣的、有人情味的手势。比如说，两艘远洋客轮在大西洋中相遇，两人站在各自的甲板上碰巧用各自的望远镜对准了对方，于是用闲着的那只手向对方挥手致意或