英语句子成分讲解-练习及答案改

英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案改英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案改英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案改xxx公司英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案改文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度行知中学高二学考复习之句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：（1）Lucyisabeautifulnurse.（名词作主语）（2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代词作主语）（3）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（动名词作主语）（4）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.（主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如：Hisparentsareteachers.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）Westudyhard.（行为动词作谓语）Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）HecanspeakEnglish.（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名词作宾语）Shesays（that）sheisill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）Weoftenhelphim.（代词作宾语）Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作宾语）Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give,show（给……看），bring,pass,buy等。如：（1）Ourteachertellsusastory.（2）Thesungivesuslight.（五）表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如：Iamateacher.（名词）Heisalwayshappy.（形容词）Theyareontheplaygroundnow.（介词短语）Itgetscold.（形容词）Be动词（am，is，are,was,were）系动词表保持（keep,stay,remain）表改变（get，become，turn）感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），seem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来））如：Itsoundsinteresting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语）Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain（为系动词，careful为表语）（六）定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：Theblackbikeismine.（形容词）What’syourname?（代词）Theymakepaperflowers.（名词）说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语在不定代词后面。如：Itellhimsomethinginteresting.（形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语）Hehassomethingtodo.（todo为不定式作后置定语）（七）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：Hediditcarefully.（副词）Weoftenhelphim.（副词）HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.（介词短语）WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（从句作时间状语）Hesitsthere.（副词地点状语）典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.9.Theyareintheclassroom.10.Itsoundsgood.11.HisnameisPaul.12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.课后练习(一)挑出下列句中的宾语①

Mybrother

doesn't

do

hishomework.

ABCD

②

People

all

over

theworld

speak

English.

ABCD

③Youmustpay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

ABCD④Howmanynew

words

do

you

learn

?

ABCD

⑤Someofthe

students

intheschoolwant

togoswimming,

how

about

you

ABCD(二)挑出下列句中的表语①

Theoldman

is

feeling

very

tired.

ABCD

②Whyis

he

worried

about

Jim

ABCD

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

ABCD

④Soon

They

all

becomeinterested

inthesubject.

ABCD

⑤She

is

thefirst

tolearn

aboutit.

ABCD(三)挑出下列句中的定语①

They

use

Mr.Mrs.withthe

family

name.

ABCD②

What

is

your

given

name

ABCD③Onthe

third

lap

are

Class1andClass3.

ABCD

④Iam

afraid

some

people

forgot

tosweep

thefloor.

ABCD

⑤

Theman

downstairs

was

trying

tosleep.

ABCD（四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She

likes

thechildren

toreadnewspapersandbooks

inthe

reading-room.ABCD

②He

asks

her

totaketheboy

outofschool.

ABCD③She

find

it

difficult

todothework.

ABCD④They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

ABCD

⑤

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

ABCD(五)挑出下列句中的状语①

There

is

abigsmile

onherface.

ABCD

②

Everynight

he

heard

thenoise

upstairs.

ABCD

③He

began

tolearn

English

whenhewaseleven.

ABCD

④

Theman

onthemotorbike

istravelling

tofast.

ABCD⑤

Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,

Miss

Li

hurriedoff.

ABCD

(六)划出句中的直接宾语()和间接宾语（）①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.

③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.

④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.

⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme?

典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。1.主，谓，宾，状 2.定，状3.表 4.谓，宾，状5.定，定 6.谓，状7.谓，宾，状 8.谓，状9.