四级测试试卷及答案

四级测试[复制]Writting

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.[填空题]*_________________________________Passage1

Haveyoueverusedemailtoapologizetoacolleague?Delivereda26toasubordinate(下属)withavoice-mailmessage?Flownbyplaneacrossthecountryjusttodeliverimportantnewsinperson?Thevariouscommunicationoptionsatourfingertipstodaycanbegoodfor27andproductivity—andatthesametimeverytroublesome.Withsomanywaystocommunicate,howshouldamanagerchoosetheonethat'sbest—28whenthemessagetobedeliveredisbadorunwelcomenewsfortherecipient?We've29businesscommunicationconsultantsandetiquette(礼仪)expertstocomeupwiththefollowingguidelinesfor30usingthealternativewaysofdeliveringdifficultmessages.

Firstofall,choosehowpersonalyouwanttobe.Aface-to-facecommunicationisthemost31.Otherchoices,indescendingorderofpersonalization,are:areal-timephonecall,avoice-mailmessage,ahandwrittennote,atypewrittenletter,andthemost32isemail.Someofthesemaychangeorderaccordingtothe33situationoryourownpreferences;forexample,ahandwrittennotemightseemmorepersonalthanvoice-mail.Howdoyoudecideonthebestchoiceforthedifficultmessageyou'vegottodeliver?“My34concernis:HowcanIsoftenorcivilizethismessage?”saysetiquetteexpertDanaCasperson.“SowhenIapologize,Iusuallychoosein-personfirst,oraphoneconversationasmytopalternative,andmaybeahandwrittennotenext.ApologizingbyemailissomethingInowtotally35.”26.[单选题]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warning(正确答案)O)witnessed27.[单选题]*A)avoidB)convenience(正确答案)C)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed28.[单选题]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularly(正确答案)G)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed29.[单选题]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyed(正确答案)M)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed30.[单选题]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectively(正确答案)D)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnesse31.[单选题]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimate(正确答案)F)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed32.[单选题]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendly(正确答案)N)warningO)witnessed33.[单选题]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specific(正确答案)L)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed34.[单选题]*A)avoidB)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primary(正确答案)H)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessed35.[单选题]*A)avoid(正确答案)B)convenienceC)effectivelyD)escapeE)intimateF)particularlyG)primaryH)promptI)rewardJ)silentK)specificL)surveyedM)unfriendlyN)warningO)witnessedPassage2

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.

HowaPoor,AbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChef

A)ThebusystreetsinPariswereunevenandcakedinthickmud,buttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseeintheshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814,peoplecrowdedoutsidethebakery,strainingforaglimpseofthelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwhoworkedinside.

B)HisnamewasMarie-AntoineCarême,andhehadappeared,oneday,almostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshortlifetime,whichendedexactly184yearsagotoday,hewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood（美食）,writebest-sellingcookbooksandthinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.

C)Carême'schildhoodwasoneparttragedy,equalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildtopoorparentsinParisineither1783or1784,ayoungCarêmewassuddenlyabandonedattheheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsold,heworkedasakitchenboyforarestaurantinParisinexchangeforroomandboard.Byage15,hehadbecomeanapprentice（学徒）toSylvainBailly,awell-knowndessertchefwithasuccessfulbakeryinoneofParis'smostfashionableneighborhoods.

D)Carêmewasquickatlearninginthekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.CarêmewouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonartandarchitecture.Inthebackroomofthelittlebakery,hisinterestindesignandhisbakingtalentcombinedtoworkwonders—heshapeddeliciousmasterpiecesoutofflour,butterandsugar.

E)Inhisteenageyears,Carêmefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate18thcentury'smostfamousbuildings—cookiesintheshapeofruinsofancientAthensandpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBailly,hismaster,displayedtheseluxuriantcreations—oftenaslargeas4feettall—inhisbakerywindows.

F)Carême'screationssooncapturedthediscriminatingeyeofaFrenchdiplomat,CharlesMauricedeTalleyrand-Périgord.Around1804,TalleyrandchallengedCarêmetoproduceafullmenuforhispersonalcastle,instructingtheyoungbakertouselocal,seasonalfruitsandvegetablesandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofanentireyear.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrand'sassociationwithFrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitableconnectionforCarême.

G)FrenchEmperorNapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedecliningtasteofearly18thcenturycooking,butunderpressuretoentertainParis'shighsociety,hetoocalledCarêmetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.In1810,CarêmedesignedtheextraordinarycakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbride,Marie-LouiseofAustria.Hebecameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusontheappearanceofhistable,notjusttheflavorofhisdishes.“Iwantorderandtaste.Awell-displayedmealisenhancedonehundredpercentinmyeyes,”helaterwroteinoneofhiscookbooks.

H)In1816,Carêmebeganaculinary(烹饪的)journeywhichwouldforevermarkhisplaceashistory'sfirsttopchef.HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodernGreatKitchenoftheprinceregent(摄政王)，GeorgeⅣ,andcrossedcontinentstopreparegrandbanquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderⅠofRussia.Neverafraidtotalkuphisownaccomplishments,aboastfulCarêmemadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocialambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.Later,inhiscookbooks,hewouldoftenincludeasketchofhimself,sothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeabletorecognize—andadmire—him.

I)Carême'scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining;theywereplentiful,beautifulandimposing.GuestswouldfallsilentinwonderasservantscarriedCarême'sfancycreationsintothedininghall.ForabanquetcelebratingtheGrandDukeNicholasofRussia'svisittoGeorgeⅣ'sBrightonPavilliononJan.18,1817,themenufeatured120differentdishes,highlightingeightdifferentsoups,40maincourses,and32desserts.

J)Ashetraveledthroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobility,CarêmeforgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.Lockedinhotkitchens,Carêmecreatedhisfour“mothersauces.”Thesesauces—béchamel,velouté,espagnoleandallemande—formedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfectedthesoufflé—abakedeggdish,andintroducedthestandardchef'suniform—thesamedouble-breastedwhitecoatandtallwhitehatstillwornbymanychefstoday.Thewhiteclothingconveyedanimageofcleanliness,accordingtoCarême—andinhisrealm,appearancewaseverything.

K)Betweenmeals,CarêmewrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedinEuropeankitchensforthenextcentury.HismanualsincludingTheRoyalParisianBakerandthemassivefive-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries(1833-1847,completedafterhisdeath)firstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcooking,completewithdrawingsandstep-by-stepdirections.Longbeforetelevisioncookingshows,Carêmewalkedreadersthroughcommonkitchentasks,instructingthemto“trythisforyourself,athome”asfamousAmericanChefJuliaChildmightdo,manyyearslater.

L）Intheend,however，itwasthekitchenthatdidCarêmein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresintight,closedspaceswithlittlefreshair(toensurehisdisheswouldnotgetcold)hadfatallydamagedhislungs.OnJan.12,1833,Carêmediedjustbeforeheturned50.

M）Butinhislifetime,Carême,everconfident,couldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthekitchen.Hewantedto“setthestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncooking,andprovetothedistantfuturethattheFrenchchefsofthe19thcenturywerethemostfamousintheworld,”ashewroteinhispapers.

N）Decadeslater,chefAugusteEscoffierwouldbuilduponCarême'sconceptofFrenchcuisine（烹饪）.Butintheverybeginning,therewasjustCarême,thetopchefwhoelevateddiningintoart.36.Carêmewasamongthefirstchefswhostressedboththeappearanceandflavorofdishes.[单选题]*A)B)C)D)E)F)G)(正确答案)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)37.CarêmewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremostoutstandingintheworld.[单选题]*A)B)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)(正确答案)N)38.CarêmebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.[单选题]*A)B)C)D)E)F)(正确答案)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)39.CarêmelearnedhistradefromafamousdessertchefinParis.[单选题]*A)B)C)(正确答案)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)40.Carême'screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindowsbyhismaster.[单选题]*A)B)C)D)E)(正确答案)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)41.Carême'sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydessertsoutofordinaryingredients.[单选题]*A)B)C)D)(正确答案)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)42.ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadebyCarême.[单选题]*A)B)C)D)E)F)G)H)(正确答案)I)J)K)L)M)N)43.Carêmebecameextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.[单选题]*A)B)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)(正确答案)L)M)N)44.Carême'swritingsdealtwithfundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.[单选题]*A)B)(正确答案)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)45.Carême'scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionary.[单选题]*A)B)(正确答案)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)J)K)L)M)N)Passage3

Roughlythesizeofasodacan,sittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlessgadgetmaybeturningfriendsawayfromyourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedsecuritycamera,adevicepeopleareincreasinglyusingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveonhouseguests.Shouldyoutellyourfriends,forinstance,thatthey'rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether?

“It'scertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasiertoinstall,”saysLizziePost,presidentoftheEmilyPostInstitute,America'sforemostmannersadvisors.“Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquette（礼仪）emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,ifit'snotasecurityissue.”

Postwantstomakeclearthatshe'snottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratherpersonalpreferenc.Shealsowantstoexplainthattherearenorightorwronganswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyet,becausethetechnologyisjustnowbecomingmainstream.Besides,theEmilyPostInstitutedoesn'tdictatemanners.

Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsaysit'sahost'sresponsibilitytomakesureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome.“I'malwaysafanofbeingopenandhonest.”Forinstance,ifthehostcasuallyacknowledgesthatthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortable.

However,ifacontractorisworkinginyourhome,youdon'tneedtotellthemthattherearecameraswatching.Thenagain,theairofaccountabilitythatthecamerageneratescanalsoworkincontractors'favor.“Ifanythingdoesgowrongwhilethey'reinthehouse,theydon'twanttobeblamedforit,”shesays.“Infact,thecameracouldbethethingthatprovesthattheydidn'tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.”46.Forwhatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhome?[单选题]*A)Thesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.(正确答案)B)Theydon’twanttheirphotostobecirculatedontheInternet.C)Thesecuritycameramayturnouttobeharmfultotheirhealth.D)Theymaynotbewillingtointeractwithyourfamilymembers.47.WhatdoesLizziePostsayisnewterritory?[单选题]*A)Theeffectofmannersadviceonthepublic.B)Costofapplyingnewtechnologiesathome.C)Theincreasinguseofhomesecuritydevices.D)Etiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.(正确答案)48.WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhomesecuritycameras?[单选题]*A)Legalrights.B)MoralissuesC)Likesanddislikesofindividuals.(正确答案)D)Thepossibleimpactonmanners.49.Whatisahost’sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycameras,accordingtoLizziePost?[单选题]*A)Makingtheirguestsfeelatease.(正确答案)B)Indicatingwheretheyare.C)Turningthemoffintime.D)Ensuringtheirguests’privacy.50.Inwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhome?[单选题]*A)Itcansatisfytheircuriosity.B)Itcanprovetheirinnocence.(正确答案)C)Itcanhelpthemlearnnewtechnology.D)Itcanmaketheirvisitmoreenjoyable.Passage4

PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsnacksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugar,saltandfat,asconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic（流行病）.

ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswithreducedlevelsofunhealthyingredients—PepsiCoclaimsapacketofitschipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhitebread.However,itsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.

Shiftingeatinghabits,includingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinks,haveforcedradicalchangeontheindustry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevels,whichstandat36.5%overallintheUS.

IndraNooyi,PepsiCochairman,saidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwasimportantforthecompany'sgrowth.Butonthesubjectofobesity,shepointedoutthatconsumers’lifestyleshavechangedsignificantly,withmanypeoplebeingmoresedentary（久坐不动的）notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofcomputers.ShesaidPepsiCo'scontributionwastoproducehealthiersnacksthatstilltastedgood.

“Societyhastochangeitshabits,”sheadded.“Wecan'tdomuchtoaltersedentarylifestyles,butwecanprovideconsumerswithgreat-tastingproducts,lowinsalt,sugarandfat.Inthepastwehadtohaveatastetrade-off.Butwe'rebreakingthattrade-off.”

PepsiCo'splanforitsfoodsanddrinksisbasedonguidelinesfromtheWorldHealthOrganisation,whichlastweekbackedusingtaxesonsparklingdrinkstoreducesugarconsumption.Initiativesalsoincludeeffortstoreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,waterconsumptionandmaterialsusedinpackagingby2025.

PepsiCodidnotsayexactlyho