英语句型结构和从句讲解

英语句型结构和从句讲解英语句型结构和从句讲解英语句型结构和从句讲解xxx公司英语句型结构和从句讲解文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度首先还是讲一下句子结构吧,了解了这个对分析长难句很有帮助,以前高考前老师也是这么教我们的,还有熟悉了这个你写作文会比较好用从句,检查的时候也比较容易发现错误英语句子结构其实跟中文的有点像,主要有主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语一个最简单的句子至少有主语谓语这两部分例如Ibelieve.(I是主语believe是谓语)还有主系表（主语+系动词+表语，系动词是特殊的谓语啦，就是be的各种形态amareiswaswere那些再加上感官动词smellslookssounds这类的）例如Itsoundsgood.这类的还有Itisnice.这里的nice跟good都是表语表语都是跟在系动词后面的不过我个人认为表语这个理解了就行没有多大用处纯粹是科普下百度了一下五个基本句型:Ⅰ.主语+动词(SV)

Everybody

laughed.

大家都笑了。Ⅱ.主语+动词+补语

(SVC)

His

eyes

are

blue.

他的眼睛是蓝色的。Ⅲ.主语+动词+宾语

(SVO)

I

love

apples.

我喜欢苹果。Ⅳ.主语+动词+宾语+宾语(SVOO)

I

gave

him

my

address.

我告诉他我的地址。Ⅴ.主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)

I

found

the

box

empty.

我发现盒子是空的。然后句子复杂点的话就多了定、状、补（不一定三个都有的，可以根据情况加一个两个或者三个都加）定语通常都是修饰名词的,所以主要是形容词,但也不一定,还可以是名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等例如:SheisastudentinNo.7MiddleSchool.黄底部分就是定语,修饰student状语,顾名思义就是表示一个状态,说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,一般是由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语例如:ShespeaksEnglishverywell.very是程度副词，用来修饰well。verywell是修饰speak的程度状语。Shelefttenminutesago.Tenminutesago就是时间状语补语主要是宾语补足语就是常说的宾补这个全靠个人领会,我不会解释例如ShehelpsmetolearnEnglish.Shemademeangry.所谓的从句就是在这部分上用一个句子来表达的,我是这么理解的,对不对我就不知道了下面那些主要百度,部分手打补充1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：*Itisafact\apity\aquestion\goodnewsthat...*Itseems\appears\happened\hasturnedoutthat...*Itisclear\important\likely\possiblethat...*Itissaid\reported\estimated\hasbeenprovedthat...Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。Whatwelackisexperience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.(黄底那部分就是从句的部分,就是把主语那部分用一个句子表示)2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。inthat(因为),exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。Hedidn'tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.(其实我觉得这个原理跟主语从句差不多,就是一个是主语用句子来说一个是宾语用句子来表达)3.表语从句表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,asif(though/although)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.Thefactthattheearthisroundistrue.(thattheearthisround解释说明thefact)5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.(两个都是修饰those)Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。ThatisallthatI'veheardfromhim.He'sthefirstpersonthatI'mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.Thisisoneofthosethings(which\that)wehavetoputupwith.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords;thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。ThisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavingsItiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行词problems)Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主语)6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely)...when,nosooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.*原因、结果和目的状语从句1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,sothat,that,so等。MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.*条件和让步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,supposing等。Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelineto