北京考博英语辅导班讲义

北京考博英语辅导班讲义北京考博英语辅导班讲义北京考博英语辅导班讲义资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月北京考博英语辅导班讲义版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：北京考博英语辅导班讲义(;不断增加中)英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把…捐给慈善机构donate…tocharities把…看成社会公敌lookupon…asathreattosociety把…列为基本国策list…..asfundamentalnationalpolicies把…作为指导take…astheguide把理论和实际结合起来integratetheorywithpractice…把握大局grasptheoverallsituation摆脱贫穷落后getridofpovertyandbackwardness保护妇女权利不受侵犯guarantee(protect)women’srightsagainstinfringement采取各种措施adoptvariousmeasures参政、议政participateinthemanagementofStateaffairs充满信心和力量befilledwithconfidenceandstrength打破僵局breakthedeadlock打破禁区breakoffaforbiddenzone得出结论draw(arriveat,cometoreach)aconclusion锻造一支人民军队forgeapeople’sarmy对…具有深远的影响haveafar-reachingimpacton对…做出重要(巨大)贡献makeimportant(great,major)contributionsto反对各种形式的恐怖主义beopposedtoallformsofterrorism反腐倡廉combatcorruptionandbuildacleangovernment高举伟大旗帜holdhighthegreatbanner给…带来机遇和挑战present(bring)bothopportunitiesandchallengesto根除(防止,消除)***rootout(prevent,eliminate)corruption观察当今世界observethepresent-dayworld缓和紧张状况easethetension回顾奋斗历程reviewthecourseofstruggle加快改革步伐acceleratethespeedofreform加强舆论监督ensurethatthecorrectorientationismaintainedinpublicopinion坚持改革开放政策adheretothereformandopenpolicy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加persistinreunification,opposeseparation,increase了解，化解歧见understandingandironoutdifferences减轻农民负担alleviatefarmer’sburden解放思想emancipateourminds解决温饱问题solvetheproblemoffoodandclothing解决新问题resolvenewproblems进入世界先进行列edgeintotheadvancedranksintheworld进入新时期enteranewperiod进行和谈holdpeacetalks进行战略性调整makestrategicreadjustment就…接受妥协acceptacompromiseon开发西部remakethewest开始生效gointoeffect(enterintoforce)开拓前进openupnewwaysforward科教兴国rejuvenateourcountrythroughscienceandeducation理顺关系rationalizetherelationship履行权利和义务performtheresponsibilitiesandobligations迈出重要的一步makeanimportantstep热爱和平lovepeace深化改革deepenthereform审时度势sizeupthesituation实现发展繁荣bringaboutdevelopmentandprosperity实现民族独立realizenationalindependence实现夙愿fulfillthelong-cherishedwishes实现小康目标achievethegoalofensuringourpeoplearelativecomfortablelife实现中华民族伟大复兴bringaboutagreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation实行新政策practicenewpolicies受到全世界广泛关注attractextensiveattentionworldwide缩小差别bridge(narrow)thegap完成中华民族的振兴大业implementtherevitalizationofournation维护世界和平maintainworldpeace吸收各国文明的先进成果absorbwhatisadvancedinothercivilizations下放权力给delegatethemanagementof...(to...)响应号召respondtothecall修改法律amendthelaws宣布…召开announcetheopeningof徇私枉法bendthelawforthebenefitofrelativesorfriends依法治国governthecountryaccordingtolaw引起全国的关注arousetheconcernofthewholenation引起全世界广泛关注attractextensiveattentionworldwide赢得一个又一个胜利winonevictoryafteranother在…中起(至关)重要作用playamajor(crucial,animportant)rolein增强凝聚力enhancetherallypower增强综合国力和国际竞争enhancecomprehensive(overall)nationalstrengthandinternationalcompetitiveness展望伟大征程lookintothegreatjourney展现生机和活力displayone’svigorandvitality战胜无数的困难overcomenumerousdifficulties振兴西部revivethewest振兴中华民族rejuvenate(revitalize)ournation政企不分mixupthefunctionsofthegovernmentandenterprises政企分开separategovernmentfunctionsfromenterprisemanagement政务公开makegovernmentaffairspublic主张各国政府采取行动urgegovernmentsofallcountriestotakeaction抓住机遇seizetheopportunity转变政府职能transform(shift)thegovernmentfunctions追求进步pursueprogress追求真理seekthetruth走进新时代march(stride)intothenewera.遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observetherelevantcodeofconductandthelawandhonestlyperformone'sofficialduties遵循规则followtheprinciples二、经济类爱岗敬业cherishpostsanddevotewholeheartedlytowork保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintainagoodmomentumofgrowthinthenationaleconomy保持国有股keeptheState-heldshares保证下岗职工的基本生活guaranteethebasicneedsoflaid-offworkers被指控接受贿赂beaccusedofacceptingbribes采取不同的办法adoptvariousmethods采取反垄断措施takeanti-monopolymeasures承担风险bear(take)risk筹集足够的资金raiseenoughfunds(capital,proceeds)创收外汇earnforeignexchange(currency)刺激国内经济需求spurdomesticdemand刺激国内需求stimulatedomesticdemand从粗放经济转变为集约经济shiftfromextensiveeconomytointensiveeconomy从国外引进先进技术和管理introducefromabroadtheadvancedtechnologyand经验managementexpertise促进地区间的合作promoteregionalcooperation促进改革promotereform促进全球经济一体化fosterintegrationwiththeglobaleconomy打黑crackdownonspeculationandprofiteering打假takestrongmeasuresagainstfakeandshoddyproducts(crackdownoncounterfeitgoods)打破垄断breakthemonopoly对…提出控告(投诉)lodgecomplaintsagainst…对…造成(构成)威胁form(pose)athreatto…夺回失去的市场takebacklostmarket发挥自身优势givefullplaytoone’sadvantages防范和化解金融风险takeprecautionsagainstandreducefinancialrisks改善投资环境improvetheenvironmentforinvestment赶超先进surpasstheadvanced给…带来积极影响bringamorepositiveimpacton…根据市场作出调整gearourselvestothemarketorientation公证财产notarizetheproperties和…达成(签订)协议reach(sign)anagreementwith和…进一步合作furthercooperationwith和…有合作关系havecooperativetieswith活跃市场enliventhemarket集中精力把经济建设搞上去goalloutforeconomicdevelopment计算出准确的工资水平figureoutanexactsalarylevel加快经济发展和结构调整speedupeconomicdevelopmentandrestructuring加快竞争步伐acceleratethecompetition加快努力speedupefforts加强风险防范prepareoneselfagainstpossiblerisks加强管理reinforcethemanagement减缓通货紧缩的压力easetheseriousnessofdeflation减轻…的负担reduce(lighten)theburdenof(on)减员增效downsizeforefficiency;cutpayrolltoimproveefficiency剪彩cuttheribbon解除劳动关系severlaborrelation解放生产力emancipatetheproductiveforces(freetheproductivity)精简机构streamlinegovernmentorgans竟争上岗competeforthepost举报非法行为discloseanyillegalactivities开辟更多渠道openmorechannels开发(青睐)中国市场tap(favor)theChinesemarket开拓市场exploitmarkets控制通货膨胀controlinflation(keepinflationundercontrol)扩大贫富差距widenthegapbetweentherichandthepoor扩大消费市场expandconsumptionmarket留职停薪retainthejobbutsuspendthesalary面对可能的压力和竞争facepossiblepressureandcompetition牟取暴利seekexcessiveprofits平衡经济(的发展)balanceeconomy取缔非法收入banunlawfulincomes(illegalearnings)让…处于同一起跑线put…onthesameplatformandatthesamestartingpoint让位于竞争需要givewaytotheneedforcompetition申请专利applyforapatent实现目标realizethegoal适应…的发展adaptoneselftothedevelopmentof损失惨重suffergreatlosses缩小不平衡状态decreasetheimbalance缩小…间的距离narrowthegapbetween提高公务员工资raisethesalariesofcivilservants提高管理水平raisethemanagementlevel提高居民生活improveresidents’standardofliving调整产业结构adjusttheindustrialstructure推广科研成果turnlaboratoryachievementsintocommercial(mass)production(commercializelaboratoryachievements)退还大量钱款givebackanamountofmoney脱贫致富cast(shake,throw)offpovertyandsetoutonaroadtoprosperity完善服务perfectservices为…带来多种经济和社会效益bringmultipleeconomicandsocialbenefitsto…为…提供巨大商机presenthugebusinessopportunities吸收游资absorbidlefund吸引外商投资attractforeigninvestment下海plungeintothecommercialsea陷入困境landoneselfindeeptrouble向…投资巨额资金investhugeamountsofmoneyinto消灭假冒伪劣产品wipeoutfakeproducts以经济建设为中心focusonthecentraltaskofeconomicconstruction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益striveforsurvival,developmentandefficiencyonthebasisofquality优胜劣汰selectthesuperiorandeliminatetheinferior优先发展公共运输giveprioritytothedevelopmentofpublictransportation有巨大潜力havehugepotentialfor与国际市场接轨integratewiththeworldmarket;becomeintegratedintotheglobalmarket在…建立分公司setupbranchesin造成很大压力poseabigpressureon造成损失causealossto增加农业投入investmoreinagriculture占领市场10%occupy(take,accountfor)10percentofthemarket招商引资attract(bidfor,invite)investments(fromoverseas)制订…法律makealawof制定优惠政策workoutfavorablepolicy制造假象createsmokescreenstodo阻碍…的经济发展handicap(hamper)theeconomicdevelopment阻止人才流失stopthetalentflight(braindrain)遵循市场经济的规律followthelawofmarketeconomy三、文化生活类把…列为世界自然文化遗产list…asaworldnaturalheritagesite摆架子(摆谱儿)putonairs(showoff,keepupappearances)保护文化遗产protectculturalheritage(relics)博采各国文化之长drawonstrongpointoftheculturesofothercountries不注重历史neglecthistory采取保护态度takeprotectiveattitude承担应有的义务undertakethedueobligations承前启后，继往开来buildonthepastandprepareforthefuture,inheritthepastandusherinthefuture充分发挥知识分子的积极性givefullplaytotheinitiativeandcreativityofintellectuals和创造性触击现行法律的盲区touchablankareaoftheexistinglaw创建卫生城市buildanationallyadvancedcleancity辞旧迎新bidfarewelltotheoldandusherinthenew(ringouttheoldyearandringinthenew)从事电子商务工作conducte-commerce促进儿童身心健康发展promotethehealthydevelopmentofchildrenbothphysicallyandmentally促进交流promotethecommunication促进文化市场健康发展facilitatethesounddevelopmentofthemarketsforculturalproducts促进相互了解enhance(further)mutualunderstanding得到群众的广泛支持enjoygrass-rootsupport抵住…的诱惑resistthetemptationof对…持欢迎态度takeawelcomingattitudeto对…情有独钟showspecialpreference(favor)to发挥…的聪明才智developone’sowntalentsandwisdom发挥潜力tapone’spotential繁荣文学艺术enableliteratureandarttoflourishpromoteflourishingliteratureandart反映中国的灿烂文化reflecttherichcultureofChina放下架子relinquishhaughtyairs(getoffone’shighhorse,throwoffone’sairs)腐蚀人的灵魂poisonone’smind改进教学improveteachingandlearning给学生减负alleviatetheburdenonstudents和…持相同观点shareviewssimilarto互派访问学者exchangevisitingscholars激发旅游热情stimulateenthusiasmfortraveling继承历史文化优秀传统carryonthefineculturaltraditionshandedfromhistorycarryonthefinehistoricalandculturaltraditions加强文化基础设施建设buildmoreculturalestablishments讲诚信，反欺诈honorcredibilityandopposecheating交换意见exchangeviews(ideas,opinions)教书育人impartknowledgeandeducatepeople经受住暴风雨的考验weatherthestorm精心编写教材compilethetextbookswithgreatcare净化因特网purifytheNet举办文化节(展览会)hold(conduct,give)culturalfestivals(anexhibition)举行学术会议holdanacademicmeeting开创假日经济initiateHolidayEconomy开发潜力exploitone’spotential开阔视野widenone’svision(horizon)开设课程offercourses开展对外文化交流conductculturalexchangewithothercountries开展群众性文化活动carryoutmassactivitiesonculture攀登事业的高峰climbone’scareerladder评估学业成绩evaluateacademicscores(achievements)破除迷信eradicatesuperstition普及九年制义务教育makenine-yearcompulsoryeducationuniversal普及科普知识，传播科学popularizescientificandtechnologicalknowledge,spread思想，倡导科学精神scientificthoughtandadvocatethescientificspirit启发学生enlightenthestudents容纳三千名旅客accommodate3000passengers扫除文盲eliminate(wipeout)illiteracy上网geton(haveaccessto,bewiredto)Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新carryonthequalityeducationcenteringonmoraleducation精神和实践能力为重点的andemphasizingcreativityandpractice素质教育使英语达到更高水平pushone’sEnglishtoahigherlevel受到…的关注receiveattentionfrom疏导游客diverttourists疏通关系lubricaterelationships树立企业良好形象fosteragoodandhealthycompanyimage刷卡,划卡punchthecard;stampthecard陶冶情操cultivateone’staste(temperament)提倡文明的生活方式advocatecivilizedlifestyle(wayoflife)提高公务员的综合素质improvetheoverallqualityofcivilservants提高全民反毒品的意识raisetheconsciousnessoftheentirepeoplevs.drugs提高知名度raiseone’sprestige提供受教育机会offerachanceofeducation通过资格考试passqualificationexaminations透过现象看本质seethroughtheappearancetoperceivetheessence推动人类文明进步pushforwardhumancivilization挖墙脚underminethefoundationofsth.(cutthegroundfromundersb’sfeet)物质文明,精神文明一起抓payequalattentionto(placeequalemphasison)thematerialprogressandcultural(ethical)progress相互促进helpeachotherforward向世界展示中国文化建设introduceChina’sachievementsofculturaladvancementto的成就theworld向学生传授知识impartknowledgetostudents消除误解clearupmisunderstanding消除愚昧eliminateignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科学formcivilized,healthyandscience-upholdingsocialpractice的社会风尚以全新的面貌进入新世纪enterthenewcenturywithabrand-newcolorfullook因材施教teachstudentsaccordingtotheiraptitude引起激烈争论sparkahotdebate营造良好的文化环境createahealthyculturalenvironment影响身心健康affectphysicalandpsychologicalhealth有力地推动教育的发展giveabigpushtothedevelopmentofeducation与各国人民交往communicatewithpeopleofallcountries增强自我保护意识strengthenone’sawarenessofprotectingone’sright找工作huntforajob值得重视(关注)deserveone’sattention制止盗版软件controlthepiratedsoftware重视(优先考虑)教育发展giveprioritytothedevelopmentofeducation重视实用性placestressonpracticality尊重知识，尊重人才respectknowledgeandrespectcompetentpeople四、科技环保类帮助减缓全球变暖速度helpslowdownthepaceofglobalwarming保持生态平衡keepecologicalbalance保持水土preservesoilandwater保护和改善生活和生态环境protectandimprovethelivingenvironmentandthe保护珍稀野生动植物protectrarewildanimalsandplants保留为自然耕地reserveasnaturalfarmland采用环保技术adoptenvironmentalprotectiontechnique采用新的开采方法applynewexploitationmethods参加城市重建participateinthereconstructionofthecity参加环保运动takepartinenvironmentalprotectionactivities产生巨大的水文效应producegreathydrologicaleffects崇尚绿色生活方式pursuea“green”life创造良好的生态环境createapleasantecologicalenvironment促进城市可持续发展promotethesustainabledevelopmentofthecity发展太阳能developsolarenergy防治污染preventandcontrolpollution非常注重保护森林paygreatattentiontotheconservationofforest改善生态环境improvetheeco-environment(ecologicalenvironment)关闭化工厂closechemicalplants加大污染治理力度strengthenpollutioncontrol加强城市绿化strengthenthegreeningofthecity加强环境保护strengthenenvironmentalprotection加强生态建设improvetheeco-construction加强水土保持reinforcetheconservationofwaterandsoil坚持门前三包制度adhereto“thethreeresponsibilitiesinthegatearea”减少机动车辆reducethenumberofvehicles减少浪费reducewaste揭开人类生命的奥秘decodethesecretofhumanlife进一步加快环保规划furtherspeedupenvironmentalprotectionplans禁止露天焚烧prohibitburningoutintheopen开展保护野生动物宣传教育advocatetoeducatethepublictheprotectionofwildanimals开展绿色活动advocategreenactivities扩建管道网络expandthepipenetwork普及环保知识popularizeenvironmentalprotectionknowledge窃取密码snatchpassword窃取知识产权liftintellectualproperty实行严格的机动车排放标准implementstrictvehicleemissionstandards使电脑死机crashcomputers使用再生纸userecyclepaper探索…的奥秘probethemysteriesof淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉eliminateorconvertcoal-burningboilers提高环境管理水平raisetheenvironmentalmanagementlevel提高居民的环保和生态意识improveresidents’environmentalandecologicalawareness提高清洁能源的比重increasethesupplyofcleanenergyresources投放电脑病毒unleashviruses完善城市基础设施建设perfecttheconstructionofurbaninfrastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地providehabitatsforahugenumberofwildanimalsandplants为人类提供水和食物supplywaterandfoodforhumanbeings享受国家一级保护enjoyfirst-classprotectionoftheState削减污物排放decreasethedisposalofpollutants抑制传染病的传播strainthespreadofinfectiousdiseases引发一系列的问题resultinaseriesofproblems预防爱滋病蔓延preventthewidespreadofAIDS增强环境意识enhancetheawarenessoftheimportanceof(raisetheconsciousnessabout)environmentalprotection战胜非典defeatSARS治理沙地和水土流失问题tackletheproblemsofsandandsoilerosion注重节约资源attachimportancetosavingresources五、人口类不服从父母disobeytheirparents倡导人力资源管理advocatethemanagementofhumanresources调查性和婚姻状况conductasurveyonsexandmarriage对子女寄予厚望pingreathopesontheirchildren反映人们的私生活reflectpeople’sprivatelives鼓励创建文明家庭encouragetheideaof“CivilizedFamilies”过孤独的生活leadanisolatedlife坚持计划生育的基本国策sticktothebasicstatepolicyforfamilyplanning进行全国人口普查carryoutnationalpopulationcensus禁止他人作克隆人的实验inhibitothersfromdoinghumancloningexperiments开辟人类历史新纪元startanewchapterinthehistoryofhuman控制人口数量(增长)controlthepopulationsize(growth)实现向低出生、低死亡、低bringaboutatransitiontothemodernpopulationreproduction自然增长的现代人口再生patterncharacterizedbyalowbirthrate,lowdeathrateand产类型的转变lownaturalgrowthrate损害人类社会的道德观damagethemoralityofhumansociety缩小代沟narrowthegap提倡晚婚晚育encouragelatemarriageandlatechildbirth提出离婚askforadivorce提高人口素质improvethepopulationquality维护和促进人民的生存权safeguardandpromotethepeople’srightstosubsistenceand和发展权development维护***和不断改善***状况safeguardhumanrightsandsteadilyimprovethehumanrightssituation享受优越的生活条件enjoygoodlivingcondition显示明显的差异displayamarkeddifference优化人口结构optimizethepopulationstructure优生优育bearandrearbetterchildren占总人口的10%accountfor10%ofthetotalpopulation造成不同的思想和观念resultinadifferentideologyandconcepts造福人类和科学benefitmankindandscience正确处理经济发展同人口、correctlyhandletherelationshipofeconomicdevelopment资源、环境的关系versus(with)population，naturalresourcesandenvironment征求父母的意见askforherparents’opinion挣零花钱earntheirpocketmoney重视人口老年化问题payattentiontotheproblemofanagingpopulation逐渐削弱长辈的权威underminetheauthorityoftheoldergeneration尊重和保障***respectandguaranteehumanrights六、体育类避开与…比赛avoidplayingagainst标志一个历史时刻markahistorictime表现完美givesomeverygoodperformance剥夺冠军stripthegoldmedalofsomebody采取新的计分方法adoptanewscoringsystem参加火炬接力participateinthetorch-relay参加热身赛takepartinakeywarm-upgame参加申办活动participateinthebiddingcampaign超过世界记录surpasstheworldrecord成为