新标准大学英语综合教程二 Unit2 课后题答案

新标准大学英语综合教程二Unit2课后题答案新标准大学英语综合教程二Unit2课后题答案新标准大学英语综合教程二Unit2课后题答案资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月新标准大学英语综合教程二Unit2课后题答案版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：综合教程二Unit2课后题答案Activereading（1）Dealingwithunfamiliarwords4Matchthewordsforactionsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.1togentlymoveyourhandoverskin,hairorfur(stroke)2tomovealongthegroundonyourhandsandknees(crawl)3tocopysomeone’sactions,wordsorbehaviour(imitate)4totouchsomeonegentlyseveraltimeswithaflathandtoshowthatyoucareaboutthem.(pat)Nowcompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.(a)Myfatherpattedmeontheheadtoshowhewaspleasedwithme.(b)Childrenlearnalotbyimitatingtheirparents.(c)Babiesstartlearningtocrawlataboutsixmonthsold.(d)Shewassittingquietlyinthecorner,strokingthecat.5Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.1(distinct)2(Infants)3(sympathetic)4(stemfrom)5(trace;discipline)6(anoverall;distress)改写：Alotofmychildhoodmemorieshavefadednow,butIhaveanoverallimpressionthatIoftenfeltavaguesenseofdistress.6Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandphrases.1.a2.a3.a4.a5.b6.b7.a8.a9.bActivereading23Choosethebestwaytocompletethesentences.1.c2.b3.b4.d5.c6.c7.b8.c4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.1(honorable)2(drama)3(beam)4(catalog)5(volume)6(knot)7(couch)8(clip)9(mostly)5CompletethesummarywiththewordsinActivity4.(1)honorable(2)beam(3)mostly(4)catalog(5)clip(6)knot(7)couch(8)volume(9)drama6Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandphrases.1.b2.a3.a4.a5.b6.a7.a8.b9.bLanguageinuseCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinbracketsandthesuffix-antor-ancy.1. About800,000illegalentertheUSeveryyear.(immigrate) Correctanswerimmigrants2. ShesaysherdreamistobeoneoftheonaTVrealityshowlike"BigBrother".(contest) Correctanswercontestants3. Iwanttogetajobasateacher,buttherearen'tmanyatthemoment.(vacant) Correctanswervacancies4. IhaveafriendwhorunsamanagementinLondon.(consult) Correctanswerconsultancy5. Thetriallastedthreedays,duringwhichtimetheneveropenedhermouth.(defend) Correctanswerdefendant6. Melcan'tmakehismindupaboutanything.Hisisabitworrying.(hesitant) Correctanswerhesitancy7. Idon'tknowthewayoutofthebuilding.Perhapsyoushouldasktheoverthere.(attend) Correctanswerattendant8. Anormallastsforabout40weeks.(pregnant) Correctanswerpregnancy9. Heworkedasanheadteacherfortwoyearsbeforecominghere.(assist) CorrectanswerassistantCompletetheanswerswiththecorrectformoftheunderlinedwordsandtheprefixmis-.1.Whathappensifyoudon'tunderstandsomethingproperly?Youit.Correctanswermisunderstand2.Whathaveyoudonewithsomethingifit'sinthewrongplace?Youhaveit.Correctanswermisplaced3.Whatistheoppositeofgoodfortune?Itis.Correctanswermisfortune4.Ifyouhavemadeanincorrectjudgementofsomeone'scharacter,whathaveyoudone?Youhavemadea.Correctanswermisjudgement5.Ifyouhavenotbeencorrectlyinformedaboutsomething,whathashappened?Youhavebeenaboutit.CorrectanswermisinformedNowrewritethesentencesusingbythetime.Followtheexample.Example:Iaccumulatedafixedcircleofpeople.ThenIlostmyhearing.BythetimeIlostmyhearing,I'dalreadyaccumulatedafixedcircleofpeople.1.Iarrivedattheparty.Almosteveryonehadalreadyleft.Suggestedanswer:BythetimeIarrivedattheparty,almosteveryonehadalreadyleft.2.Attheageoftwo,childrenknowabout100words.Suggestedanswer:Bythetimechildrenaretwo,theyhaveknownabout100words.3.Intheendherealizedwhatwashappening,butitwastoolatetoaskforhelp.Suggestedanswer:Bythetimeherealizedwhatwashappening,ithadbeentoolatetoaskforhelp.4.WhenIfinallygotmydegree,mostofmyfriendsalreadyhadjobs.Suggestedanswer:BythetimeIfinallygotmydegree,mostofmyfriendsalreadyhadjobs.5.Childrenlearnalotofusefulskillsbeforetheyleaveprimaryschool.Suggestedanswer:Bythetimetheyleaveprimaryschool,childrenhavelearntalotofusefulskills.6.Courtneyfinishedwritingtheessay.Thedeadlinehadalreadypassed.Suggestedanswer:BythetimeCourtneyfinishedwritingtheessay,thedeadlinehadalreadypassed.Rewritethesentencesusingasif/asthough.Followtheexample.Example:Hopecrawledofftobecomfortedbyhermother.Shewastheonewhoseemedtohavebeenhurt(andnottheotherbaby).Hopecrawledofftobecomfortedbyhermother,asthoughitwereshewhohadbeenhurt.1.Ididn'tmakethemistake,buttheoldmanshoutedatme.Suggestedanswer:Theoldmanshoutedatme,asif/asthoughitweremewhohadmadethemistake.2.Thegirldidn'tfallover,butshestartedcrying.Suggestedanswer:Thegirlstartedcrying,asif/asthoughitwereshewhohadfallenover.3.Itwasn'tLucy'sparty,butshestoodatthedoorwelcomingeveryone.Suggestedanswer:Lucystoodatthedoorwelcomingeveryone,asif/asthoughitwereherparty.4.Davidwasn'tmakingthenoise,butSylviaclosedthedoorofhisroom.Suggestedanswer:SylviaclosedthedoorofDavid'sroom,asif/asthoughitwerehimthatwasmakingthenoise.TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.Suchmotormimicry,asitiscalled,istheoriginaltechnicalsenseofthewordempathyasitwasfirstusedinthe1920sbyE.B.Titchener,anAmericanpsychologist.Titchener'stheorywasthatempathystemmedfromasortofphysicalimitationofthedistressofanother,whichthenevokesthesamefeelingsinoneself.这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。2.Hesoughtawordthatwouldbedistinctfromsympathy,whichcanbefeltforthegeneralplightofanotherwithnosharingwhateverofwhatthatotherpersonisfeeling.Motormimicryfadesfromtoddlers'repertoireataroundtwoandahalfyears,atwhichpointtheyrealizethatsomeoneelse'spainisdifferentfromtheirown,andarebetterabletocomfortthem.他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。3.Ialsolovethesplit-secondshockedexpressiononthenewpeople,thehastysmilesandtheirbestimitationsofwhattheythinkofastheir"normalfaces".IftheydotheritualwellenoughIturnmyheadeversoslightlyandtuckmyhairbehindoneofmyears,whicheverone'sclosertothem.我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。4."Imostlyjustreadlipsbecauseitwaseasiertopickupthansigning,althoughthat'snottheonlyreasonIwasstaringatyourlips,"Itoldhim.Helaughed.Wetalkedmore,andthenthehostuppedthemusicvolumeanddimmedthelightsforthe"dancefloor",andIhadtoleaninmuch,muchclosertobeabletocontinuereadinghislipsinthesemi-darkness.AndreadhislipsIdid.我告诉他说：“我基本上只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。”他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑近他，近得多得多，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish.1.一看见抽屉里的那些老照片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。(themoment;wellup)Suggestedanswer:ThemomentIsawthoseoldphotosinthedrawer,tearswelledupinmyeyes,formymemorywentbacktothedayswhenIlivedhappilywithmygrandparents,myparentsandmybrothersandsisters.2.有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。周围的人反应各异，有的关心地走上前去看他是否受伤了、能为他做点什么；有的则站在一边不知所措；有的干脆就不理。(divergefrom;approach;confuseover;tuneout)Suggestedanswer:Whenastudentslippedonapoolofwaterandfellover,people'sreactiondivergedfromoneanother.Someapproachedcaringlytoseeifhewashurtandiftheycouldhelp;somejuststoodthereconfusingoverwhattodoaboutit;whileothersjusttunedout.3.上星期六上午，我像往常一样去超市购物。我刚要打开车门，却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找，可是哪儿也找不到。(dotheusual;donothingbut;failtodo)Suggestedanswer:LastSaturdaymorning,Ididtheusualandwentshoppinginthesupermarket.WhenIwasabouttoopenthedoorofmycar,IfoundthatIdidnothavemywalletonme.Icoulddonothingbutgobackhomeinsearchofit,butIfailedtofinditanywhere.4.我上小学二年级的时候，我们班有个同学得到的生日礼物是一辆红色的遥控车。我们大家只有羡慕的份，却不能也去买一辆，因为那种遥控车很贵，而且还是在香港买的，那时候在我们看来香港和纽约一样遥不可及。(couldonly;asfaras)Suggestedanswer:WhenIwasasecondgrader,oneofmyclassmatesgotaredradio-controlledtoycarasabirthdaygift.Therestofuscouldonlyadmire,butcouldnotimitate,becausethecarwasexpensiveandwasboughtinHongKong,aplacewhichseemedtousasfarawayasNewYorkatthattime.课文翻译：Activereading(1)同感是怎样表露的霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔去把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动被接受记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到了。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从他们出生的那天起，婴儿们在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会觉到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿们就感受到了同情的痛苦。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L·霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E·B·铁钦纳首次使用时的原始技术含义。铁钦纳的理论是：同感萌发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿；这种模仿继而在自己心里引起同样的感受。他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。下面是摘自一位母亲日记里的典型事例：一位邻居的婴儿哭了，珍妮走近前去，试图给他一些小甜饼。她跟着他转，开始带着哭腔低声自言自语。她然后试图抚摸他的头发，可是他躲开了……他平静下来，但是珍妮仍然面带忧色。她继续给他拿来玩具，轻拍他的头和肩膀。在这个年龄，幼儿对于他人感情波动的总体敏感度开始有所不同，有些像珍妮一样，感同身受，有些则麻木不仁。国立精神健康研究院的玛丽安·拉德克－亚罗和卡罗琳·察恩－瓦克斯勒所做的一系列研究表明，这种在同感关注方面的不同大部分与父母怎样教养子女有关。她们发现，如果在家教中让孩子特别注意他们的恶作剧给别人造成的痛苦，比如对孩子说“瞧你让她多伤心啊”，而不是说“你真调皮”，孩子就比较有同感心。她们也发现，观看他人遇到痛苦时别