人教版英语必修五第四单元知识点

人教版英语必修五第四单元知识点人教版英语必修五第四单元知识点人教版英语必修五第四单元知识点资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月人教版英语必修五第四单元知识点版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：U4（BX5）1.occupationn.(job,profession)Pleasestateyourname,ageand～.用法：occupyv.Readingoccupies(takesup)mostofmyfreetime.阅读占去了我空闲时间的大部分。Thebathroomisoccupied.浴室有人在用。～oneself(indoingsth/withsth)——keeponeselfbusy(doingsth/withsth)忙着(做某事);忙(于某事物)=beoccupied(indoingsth/withsth.)He’soccupiedinlookingafter/withthreesmallchildren.byoccupationHeisabusdriverbyoccupation.他的职业是公车司机profession-professional-professorbyprofession就职业来说Idon’tknowwhatprofessionwouldsuitme.Heisalawyerbyprofession.Forprofessionalfootballers,injuresareanoccupationalhazard.suppose表示“猜想；认为”之意，相当于think或guess，常见用法有：1．后接宾语从句。如：Johnsupposedthathecouldfindsomecoinssoon．Idon'tsupposeshewillagreewithus，willshe

2．后接名词或代词＋不定式（不定式为tobe时常可省略）。如：Weallsupposehim（tobe）anexpertinthisfield．3．与believe，think，guess，expect等一样，后接so或not，后面省略了宾语部分。如：—Willhecomewithus他会跟我们来吗—Yes，Isupposeso．我想会的。—Willitraintomorrow明天会下雨吗—No，Isupposenot／Idon'tsupposeso．我想不会。4．与believe，think，guess，expect一样，可构成复杂特殊疑问句（特殊疑问词＋doyousuppose＋宾语从句的其它部分）。如：①Whendoyousupposetheywilltaketheexam你认为他们什么时候考试②Whodoyousupposeturneduplastnight你认为昨晚谁来过5.suppose或supposing放在句首，表条件，引导状语从句，相当于if或incase等。如：①Suppose／Supposingthecarbreaksdown，whatshallwedo？

万一车子抛锚，我们怎么办②Suppose／Supposingtheydidn'tbelieveit，howshouldwetrytopersuadethem？

6.suppose＋宾语从句可用来表建议，意为“……怎么样？”或“何不……”。如：①Supposewegoforapicnictomorrow．我们明天去野餐怎么样

②Supposeweputoffthemeeting．我们把会议推迟吧。7.besupposedto...意为“应该……”；“被期望……”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。e.g：Everyoneissupposedtowearaseat-beltinthecar.每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。Teachersaresupposedtotreatallthestudentsalike.老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。besupposedto后面接“have+过去分词”时，或was/were+supposedtodo表示“本应该做某事而没做”。如：Youaresupposedtohavehandedinyourhomeworkbynow.现在你应该已经把作业交上来了。Heissupposedtohavearrivedanhourago.他应该一小时前就到了。Weweresupposedtobehereat8.00,butwearelate.3.NeverwillZhouYangforgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofapopularlocalnewspaper.这里是倒装(Inversion),此句的正常句序是:ZhouYangwillneverforgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeof….注意:当一些否定词,如:never,little,hardly,scarcely,seldom,not,notonly,nosooner（…than刚…就）放在句首时,句子部分倒装,即句序为:否定词＋助动词＋主语＋谓语Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelsecanyoufind（你能找到）suchabeautifulplace.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.NeverinmylifehadIfelt（我感到）sohappy.Only+状语放在句首，部分倒装Onlyinabigcitywasitpossibletobuyanewwheelchair.Onlybyseizingeveryminutecanwefinishitontime.Onlythendidwerealizethatthemanwasblind.Onlywhenhisdreamcomestruedoesshefeelrelieved.OnlyMikehasgottheinvitation.Only修饰其他成分，如主语不引起倒装4.Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin,wastostronglyinfluencehislifeasajournalist.beto+动词原形,这里表示将来的时态,有注定的意味。Hiscontinuouseffortistomakehimasuccessfulman.（注定）Youaretobebackbefore10pm.(必须）Theletteristobehandedtohiminperson.(必须）Whenareyoutoleaveforhome?（按计划或安排要做）Sheistobemarriednextmonth.（按计划或安排要做）Youaretoreporttothepolice.(应该）Youarenottosmokeinthisroom.=Youarenotsupposedtosmokeinthisroom.（应该）Ifwearetobetherebeforeten,we’llhavetogonow.（想，打算）Suchbooksaretobefoundinthelibrary.（可能性）Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.(用于“if…weretodo”，表示虚拟语气)was/weretohavedone,表示“本打算”、“本计划”或“本应当”做的事而没有做成或没有发生。Weweretohavetoldyou,butyouwerenotin.＜短语＞haveabad,good,beneficial,harmful,influencewith/on对...有影响undertheinfluenceof在…影响下5.ButLondonhasbeeninfluencedonlybysomeinvadersofEngland.但是伦敦仅受一些入侵者的影响。influencevt.&n.影响，感化,影响力Thebookhadagreatinfluenceonhislife.Undertheinfluenceofmyfriend,Iboughtaredcoat.Myteacher’sinfluencemademestudyscienceatcollege.Heisamanofinfluenceinthecity.Myteacherinfluencedmydecisiontostudyart.Theweatherinfluencescrops.affect&influence意义相近affect一般指生理/物质上的改变influence较多用于指感觉/态度上的改变e.g.1)Drinkingcanaffectyourabilitytodrive.2）TheTVadvertisementshaveinfluencedmyattitudetowardsdrinkinganddriving.6.delightn.&v.愉快，乐趣，快乐toone’sdelight令…感到愉快的是takedelightinsth/doingsth乐于,爱好delightsb.withsth.用某物使某人高兴delightin喜欢,嗜好delightedadj.bedelightedtodoThekidsrusheddowntothebeachwith/indelight.高兴地Tomysecretdelight,Sarahannouncedthatshewasleaving.令某人暗自高兴Tomtakesgreatdelightinmakingfunofhissister.=delightsin喜欢以…为乐趣Theteacherdelighteduswithhishumor.Therearesomanydelightsintravels.1)Itookdelight_in_books.2)_To_hisdelight,hepassedthedrivingtest.3)Shedelights_in_beingsurroundedbyadmirers.Fillintheblankswithin/to:7.gooutonastory/coverastory.1).Shewassenttocovertheevent.报道，采访2).Theroadwascoveredwithsnow.覆盖3).Shelaughedtocoverherworry.遮盖4).Theredarmycoveredabout30milesaday.走完多少里路5).Isthemoneyenoughtocoverthecostofanewshirt?（钱）够支付6).Hislecturecoveredthesubjectthoroughly.v.包括,涉及8.Waittillyouaremoreexperienced.等你积累一些经验了才行.experiencedadj.有经验的,熟练的,有见识经验丰富的常与介词in或at连用AnexperienceddoctorHeisexperiencedin/atbargaining.CN经历,经历的事情UN经验,体验Thatwasanunpleasantexperience.Hehadn’tenoughexperienceforthejob.2)n.experience1)v.经历,体验Ourcountryhasexperiencedgreatchanges.9.eager---eagerlyadv.渴望地，热切地beeagerfor/aboutsth.渴望…，很想…beeagertodosth.渴望做某事Studentsareeagerfornewknowledge.学生们渴望知识Iameageraboutprogress.我渴望进步Sheiseagertovisitherboss.她急于去看她的老板eagernessn.热切,渴望10.assistvt./vi..援助，帮助；assistancen.assistantn.assist(sb)todosth=assist(sb)indoingassistsbwithsth.=helpsbwithsth帮某人做某事e.gThesemeasuresweredesignedtoassistpeoplewithdisabilities.Youwillberequiredtoassisthiminpreparingareport.Thisprogramassistsyoungpeopletofindwork.11.concentratev.集中，聚集concentrationn.集中，集合concentrateon/uponsth专心致志做某事Shecouldn'tconcentrateonabookverylong.她不能长时间专心读一本书。同义短语：fix/focus/centerone’sattentionon=putone’sheartinto=beabsorbedin=beburiedin=bedevotedto12.NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.Notonly…butalso引导的并列句,如notonly位于句首,notonly所在句倒装。NotonlywillIgo,butalsoIwilltakemyparentsthere.不仅我自己会去，我还会带我的父母去13.acquire(通过不断的学习，询问慢慢获得学问，技术。）1.取得,获得ThemuseumhasjustacquiredafamouspaintingbyPabloPicasso.Graduallyweacquiredexperienceinhowtodothework.2.学到,掌握ShehasmasteredEnglishgrammarandacquiredalargevocabularywithoutthehelpofateacher.辨析：get为获得的最普通用语obtain表示经过很长时间或经过很大的努力而获得期望已久得东西。gain表付出更大的努力才能获得，译为赢得。14.haveanosefor对……很敏感;很善于发现此类形象表达法还有：Shehasanearformusic.对…有欣赏能力Shehasaneyeforcolorandstyleinclothes.对…有眼光Don’tpokeyournoseintootherpeople’sbusiness.管闲事，插手与己无关的事Georgeturnedhisnoseupatclassicalmusic.对…不屑一顾，看不起Telluswhathappened.Weareallears.正在听着，洗耳恭听HeturnedadeafeartowhatIsaid.对…听不进去Don’ttellhimanything.Hehasabigmouth.嘴不严15.informvt.告知，通知informsb(of/aboutsth)——tellsbinformsbthat……eg:1)Didyouinformthemoftheprogressofthework?你把工作进程告诉他们了吗？2)We‘llkeepyouinformed(of/aboutwhathappens).我们将随时向你报告情况。16.meanwhileadv=meantime=inthemeantime/meanwhile=atthesametime同时Mymotherwentshopping.Meanwhile,Icleanedthehouse.妈妈去购物，与此同时，我打扫房间。17.dependon/upon+wh-从句视….而定,取决于dependon/upon+n依靠,依赖,确(坚)信dependon/upon+sb.+todo指望某人做……dependon/upon+it+that….指望…..That(all)depends./italldepends.(口语)视情况而定，单独使用或置于句首。汉译英：1、Youcan’tdependonyourparentsforever.你不能永远依赖你的父母。2、Youcan’tdependonhimtocomeontime.你不能指望他能按时来。3、Youmaydependonitthathewillcome.你可相信他会来。4、Imayhelpyou.Butthat/itdepends.我能帮你，但那要看情况而定。5、Whetheryoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.你能否通过考试取决于你有多努力。18.casen.事(实)例,情形；情(状)况;案件，诉讼eg:1.Thisisacommoncasewherethewordcanbeused.这是这个单词运用的常用例子。2.Thecasehewaslookingintotwoyearsagowassettledatlast.两年前他调查的案件终于结案了。-----incase假使；免得，以防,以防万一(引导状语从句，从句谓语用一般现在时，不用将来时态)incaseof...假使,如果发生inanycase无论如何，不管怎样innocase无论如何不,在任何情况下决不(置于句首时，句子采用倒装语序)inthecaseof...就......来说，至于inthis/thatcase既然这/那样，假使这/那样eg:1)Iwillstayathomealldaylongincasehecallsme.我将一整天呆在家里，以防他给我打电话。2)Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.如遇火警，就按警铃。3)InnocasewillIgiveintodifficulty.我绝不会向困难低头4)Youhavefinished,haven’tyouInthatcase,youmaygo.19.accusevt.指责，谴责；控告accusesb.ofsth.指控某人做某事=chargesb.withsth.指责某人做某事eg:1)Thepoliceaccusedhimoftheft.警察控告他偷窃。2)Hewasaccusedofmurder.他被控谋杀。归纳总结：remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事/使某人想起某事warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事suspectsb.ofsth.怀疑某人某事informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事curesb.ofsth.治好某人……robsb.ofsth.抢了某人……20.Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomebodyaccusedyourreportersofgettingthewrongendofthestick？getthewrongendofthestick完全误解，弄错Hegot(heldof)thewrongendofthestick他完全搞错了。21.soastodosth.“为了…”不能用在句首=inordertodosth.可放句子中任何位置=sothat+从句=inorderthat+从句句型转换:Igotupatfivesoastocatchthetrain=Igotupatfiveinordertocatchthetrain.=IgotupatfivesothatIcouldcatchthetrain.我买了些牛肉和蔬菜，为的是给晚饭做个汤：Iboughtsomebeefandvegetablessoastomakeasoupfordinner.IboughtsomebeefandvegetablesinordertomakeasoupfordinnerIboughtsomebeefandvegetablessothatIcouldmakeasoupfordinnerIboughtsomebeefandvegetablesinorderthatIcouldmakeasoupfordinner22.denyvt.1.否定,否认[+v-ing][+(that)]Thereisnodenyingthat...事实不可否认...Idonotdenythatisaseriousblow.我不否认那是严重的一击。2.denydoing=denyhavingdoneHedeniedhavingseenthesewatchesbefore.他否认曾经见过这些手表。Hedidn'tdenythefacts.他不否认事实。3.拒绝给予;拒绝...的要求Womenweredeniedtherighttovotethen.那时妇女被拒给选举权。23.scepticalbescepticalofabouthisabilitydemand用作名词，有以下两个用法：表示“要求”：Theyrejectedtheuniondemand.他们拒绝了工会的要求。Aren’tthoseallreasonabledemands这些难道不都是合理要求吗?表示“需求”：Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthedemandthisyear.今年的苹果供大于求。Thereisagreatdemandfortypists.需要大量的打字员。Thesegoodsareingooddemand.这些货物销量很大。Thereisagreatdemandforthesegoods.对这些货物的需求量很大。Sheisingreatdemandasasinger.作为歌后很受欢迎。meet/satisfythedemand满足需求2.用作动词，意为“要求”、“需求”，通常为及物动词，其宾语可以是名词、不定式、that从句(从句谓语通常为虚拟的)。如：名词(或代词)：Theworkersalsodemandedhigherwages.工人们还要求提高工资。不定式：Shedemandedtoseetheeditors.她要求见编辑。Hedemandedtobetoldeverything.他要求把一切都告诉他。从句：IdemandthatJohn(should)gothereatonce.我要求约翰立即到那里去。Theydemandedthattherighttovotebegiventoeveryadultman.他们要求每个成年人都应有选举权。比较同义句：Hedemanadedanimmediateanswer.＝Hedemandedtogetanimmediateanswer.他要求马上得到答复。Hedemandedtobetoldeverything.＝Hedemandedthathe(should)betoldeverything.他要求把一切都告诉他。【注】demand可后接不定式，但通常不接不定式的复合结构，若意义上需要这类结构，可换成that从句或在demand后接of。如：他要求她同我们一起去。误：Hedemandedhertogowithus.正：Hedemandedthatshe(should)gowithus.正：Hedemandedofhertogowithus.3.表示“向某人要求某物”，可用demandsthof[from]sb。如：Hedemandedanapologyfromtheboss.他要求老板道歉thoroughadj.彻底的,详尽的,完全的,周密的,(人)十分仔细的eg:1)athoroughknowledgeofthesubject对这一学科透彻的了解2)Thefilmwasathoroughsuccess.这部电影获得极大的成功3)Youmustpromisemetotakeathoroughrest.你得答应让我好好休息一下。4)Sheisnotbrilliant,butsheisthorough.她并非才华横溢，但很细心。-----thoroughlyadv.极其完全，彻底thoroughnessn.深入，彻底15.aheadof...(时间，空间)在.....前面；早于；领先eg:1)Threeboyswereaheadofus.有三个小伙子在我们前面。2)Ifinishedtheworkseveraldaysaheadofthedeadline.我在最后期限的前几天完成了工作3)Shewasalwayswellaheadoftherestoftheclass.她总是遥遥领先班上的同学。aheadoftimesenioradj.年长的，高年级的；高级的eg:1)Manyofthemarepublishedforseniorhighschoolstudents.许多报纸是为高中生出版的。2)Seniorpeoplecanvisittheplacefreeofcharge.年纪大的人可以免费浏览这个地方。3)Onlyonemanagerisseniortomenow.只有一个经理比我职位高。4)Jillwillbeaseniorthisyear.吉尔今年毕业。settoworksetto(doing)sth.=getdownto(doing)sth.setouttodosth./setaboutdoingsthpayattentionto…(to是介词)lookforwardto…devote…to…be/getusedto….leadto…stickto…objectto…contributetoaccurateinaccurateadj./accuracyn.1)Thatwastheaccuratereportontheaffair.2)Isyourwatchaccurate3)Heisaccurateinhisjudgement/atfigures.Polishv./n.1)Youhadbetteraskyou