英语单词词性和判断技巧

英语单词词性和判断技巧英语单词词性和判断技巧英语单词词性和判断技巧资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月英语单词词性和判断技巧版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：英语单词词性词性尾缀其实很多，大家主要记住最常用的1.名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker,debtor2)-acy,表示"性质，状态，境遇"democracy,accuracy,diplomacy3)-ance,-ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience4)-ancy,-ency,表示"性质，状态，行为，过程"frequency,urgency,efficiency,5)-bility,表示"动作，性质，状态"possibility,flexibility,feasibility,6)-dom,表示"等级，领域，状态"freedom,kingdom,wisdom7)-hood,表示"资格，身份,年纪，状态"childhood,manhood,falsehood8)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示"行为的过程，结果，状况"action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction9)-ism,表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为"socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism10)-ity,表示"性质，状态，程度”purity,reality,ability,calamity11)-ment,表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument12)-ness,表示"性质，状态，程度"goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness13)-ship,表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”hardship,membership,friendship14)-th,表示"动作，性质，过程，状态"depth,wealth,truth,length,growth15)-tude,表示"性质，状态，程度"latitude,altitude(海拔)16)-ure,表示"行为，结果"exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)，17-grapy,表示"……学，写法”biography,calligraphy,geography18)-ic,ics,表示"……学……法"logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics19)-ology,表示"……学……论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)20)-nomy,表示"……学……术"astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义1)-able,-ible,visible,flexible2)名词-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)3)-ive,active,sensitive,productive4)-like,manlike,childlike5)名词-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly6)-some,troublesome,handsome7)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful8)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various9)-ent,violent10)-most,foremost,topmost11)less,表示否定，countless,stainless,wireless3.动词后缀1)-ize,ise,表示"做成，变成，……化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize2)-en,表示"使成为，引起，使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden3)-fy,表示"使……化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify4)-ish,表示"使，令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish5)-ate,表示“成为……，处理，作用”separate,operate,indicate4.副词后缀(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE)：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地-wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地单词词性判断可以在词义的理解及书写句子方面帮助学生。名词有四数：可数与不可数，单数或复数；限定与动词不可忘。四数加限定！一．怎样确定名词：一般情况下在下列结构中我们可确定所缺空应为名词

1．a/an/the+（adj.）+名词； a/thebook;therichthedisabledtheSmiths

2．adj.+名词； abigstone;alongriver;interestingbooks

3．adv.+adj.+名词； averyhonestboy

4．介词+名词； intheroom;underconstruction

5．形容词性物主代词+名词； mysurprise;hishonesty

6.数词+名词； fivegirls;

7．缺的词在句中为主语，表语，宾语时多为名词。Theyhavebooks.及时练习1：1．Therehasbeena30%growthinthe____(市场)forpersonalcomputers.

3．Hehasdiscoveredalotof___________(发现)inscience.

5．IamsorrythatIcan’tattendthe__________(讲座)onAmericanhistory.

6．Shestartedasasuccessfulmerchantbutendedupasa__________（乞丐）.

7．Therewasasurprised_____________（表情）onherface.

8．Ourcityhasexperiencedgreat___________（变化）inthepastfewyears

9．Pleasegivemy_________(祝贺)whenyouseeher.10.Jacktookadeep_____________(呼吸)andthendivedintothewater.11.Oliverwasunabletogivepolicea______________(描述)ofhisattack.12.Thecarwasa____________(廉价货)attheprice. 动词→名词练习：achieveaddarguearriverespondretirerudesavesailsell1.market3discoveries5.lecture6beggar7.expression8changes9.congratulations10.breath11.description12.bargain及时练习2：指出下列文中的名词：Intheearly1990s,theword“Internet”wasstrangetomostpeople.Buttoday,Internethasbecomeausefultoolforpeopleallovertheworld.MaybeInternethasbeenthegreatestinventioninthefieldofcommunicationinthehistoryofmankind（人类）.CommunicatingwithothersontheInternetismuchfaster.Wecanchatwithapersonwhoissittingintheotherpartoftheworld.Wecane-mailourfriendsandtheycanreadthee-mailswithinaminute.GivingallkindsofinformationisprobablythebiggestadvantageoftheInternet.Wecanusesearchenginestofindtheinformationweneed.Justtypeinakeywordorkeywordsandthesearchenginewillgiveusalistofsuitablewebsitestolookat.WecanenjoyalotontheInternetbydownloadinggames,visitingchatroomsorsurfing（浏览）websites.Therearesomegamesforfree.Wecanmeetnewandinterestingpeopleinthechatnow.Wecanalsolistentomusicandseefilms.二．怎样确定名词的单数或复数；可数或不可数§确定名词单数或复数的方法：1．由名词前面的数词:1.Ihaveseveral______(书)ontheshelf.2.Thisbuscancarry60(乘客). 2．由名词后的动词单数或复数(即主谓一致):The_____(建议)arereasonableandsomeofuswillacceptthem.3．由句意: Our______(教授)heldameetingabouthowtoimproveourEnglish.Whatisthebest-knownchainoffast-food(餐馆)intheworld.※及时练习3：判断下列名词正误：1.Theyoftenhavefish,meatandvegetableforsupper.2.Mrs.Smithgetswellalongwithherneighbor.3.Theyhadonlythreemealofsoupeveryday.4.DickenswroteOliverTwistintheyear1837-1838.5.Hisnewplaywasagreatsucceed.6.Theanimalsareusefultothedesertpeopleinmanyway.7.Asheexploredthesea，hetookpictureandvideosofmanythingthatpeoplehadneverseenbefore.8.Theyweregivenkindsofbreakfast，andsometimestheygotnobreakfastatall.9.Schoolchildwalkedwiththeirshirts，coatsandanythingelsetheycouldfindpulledupovertheirnose.10.Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetoverdisease.11.Toomanytreeshavebeencutthisyears.12.Theyusecamelsforcarryingwater，food，tentsandanotherthings.§确定名词可数或不可数的方法：注意三类名词：1、总是不可数的名词：1)物质名词：furniture,equipment,2)抽象名词：advice,progress,news,fun,truth,milk,ink,rice,…2.根据名词本身的意义：1)物质名词：water（水u,水域c）,rain（雨水u,一场雨c）2)抽象名词：experience(经验u，经历c),pleasure(愉快u，乐事c),success(成功u，成功的人c),failure(失败u，失败的人或事c),pity(遗憾u，遗憾的事c),surprise(惊讶u，惊讶的事c),3.个体名词总是可数名词：book,desk,三．限定词：限定词是位于名词或名词词组之前，对他们在特指、泛指或数量等方面起限定作用的一类词。Sheshowedacertainelegance. Thejudgedivorcedthecouple. Hehasgotsomebrains(智慧)!限定词与形容词的区别主要是：限定词只对名词起限定作用（有些限定词也可用作其他词性，如代词等），而形容词则描述名词的特征、状态等：Welivedinsmallhouse.→Welivedinasmallhouse.house是个体名词，一般来说，个体名词是可数名词，有单数复数形式，单数形式的个体名词(可数名词)除在部分习语或固定搭配中外，一般不可单独使用，须根据具体情况与冠词、不定代词、指示代词或其它限定词连用,或使用其复数形式。练习：改正下列错误：1.SheshouldbeabletogetjobinEurope2.Mr.Blakewasconsideredexcellentmusicteacher. 3.Howdidaccidenthappen?

4.Iwillgiveyouotherchancetoproveyourself. 5.Doyouhaveclassthismorning?

6.ImportantproductofSouthAfricaarefruitandgold. 7.SheisEnglishteacher.由于动词在句中有谓语和非谓语两种形式，可根据所缺单词在句中充当的成分来判断此处是否为动词。一．一般情况下：

1.is,am,are,was,were,

2.will(would),can(could),must,may,…

3.has…,have…,had…，don’t,didn’t,doesn’t…

4.V+s:goes,likes,…

5.动词原型：want/go/以上4项为确定的谓语动词。句中有了确定的谓语动词后其它的动词形如V-ing/todo/done（-ed）的为非谓语动词。YouwanttoknowaboutmystayinginAmerica,right

Well,totellyouthetruth,itisreallyaneye-openingexperiencetostudyhere.InChina,IhadEnglishclassesfivetimesaweeksincefifthgrade.However,Ididn’tknowhowdifferenttextbookEnglishcouldbefromeverydayEnglishuntilIcametoHotchkissSchool,WhenIfirststudiedEnglish,Iwastoldtosay,“Iamfine.”whenpeoplesay“Howareyou”ButintheUS,Ifoundthatpeoplesay,“Iamgood.”or“I’mtired.”Oneday,someonegreetedmewith“What’sup”

Itmademeconfused.IthoughtforamomentandthensmiledbecauseIdidn’tknowwhattosay.二.谓语动词的判断：1.主动形式：如何主语实施了谓语动作，意义完整，就是表达主动关系。Heinvitedtotheparty… （）Heinvitedmetotheparty. （）Hewasinvitedtotheparty. （）Hewasinvitedhimtotheparty. （）2.被动形式：如果主语没有实施谓语动词动作而是承受了该动作，应该用be+done形式表示，只有过分只能表示被动关系。Helookedthismorning. （）Theboytooktotheschool. （）Thepatientsenttothehospital. （）Theshocksandfirescausedbytheearthquakedestroyedthevillage.（）三．动词与名词的判断：1.I'mreadytomatchmystrengthagainstyours.我已经准备好与你较量力气。Hethoughthecouldbeatanyoneattennis,buthe'smethismatchinher.

他以为他打网球所向无敌，但遇到她却是旗鼓相当。afootballmatch足球比赛2.Sheisthepictureofhermother.她活像她的妈妈。Itishardtopicturelifeahundredyearsago.我们很难想象一百年前人们的生活。3.Haveyouseenanygoodfilmslately?你最近看过什么好电影吗?Thetelevisioncompanyisfilminginourtown.电视公司正在我们镇上拍片子。若所缺单词为修饰语则考虑形容词和副词。形容词的主要句法作用为表语和定语，用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词，据此可判断所缺是否为形容词;副词一般主要用来修饰形容词，副词，动词或整个句子，据此可判断所缺单词是否为副词。形容词的学习：在下列结构中应该用形容词：

a+adj+natallboy写一写：__________________________________________

be+adj.Heistall.写一写：__________________________________________

keep/find/make/think…itadj.to/that……

be+as+adj.+asdo+as+adv.+as*beso/too/very/how/however+adj.(不用adv.)1）形容词在句子中的句法作用及位置：⑴作定语时放在名词的前面。形容词修饰名词。结构：a/an/…_______名词LiMeiisabeautifulcitygirl.

ThenewstudentcomesfromJapan.Myfather’s

carisveryexpensive.

TheEnglishstoryisveryinteresting.★少数形容词只能作定语这些形容词包括little,live(活着的),elder,eldest等，只能作定语，不能作表语。例如：

(正)Myelderbrotherisadoctor. (误)MybrotheriselderthanI.(正)Thisisalittlehouse. (误)Thehouseislittle.

(正)Doyouwantlivefishordeadone? (误)Theoldmonkeyisstilllive.★貌似副词的形容词：lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,likely,deadly,daily,weekly,★后置的情况：①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.(他发生了严重的事故)1.Everyminutethereis_____goingonhere.A.excitingsomethingB.somethingexcitingC.excitinganythingD.anythingexciting2.Thisriverisabout5feet________.A.deepB.widelyC.depthD.length⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后，构成系表结构。结构：连系动词+形容词。如：Theideasoundsgreat.连系动词主要有：be(am,is,are),look(看起来),sound（听起来）,smell（闻起来）,taste（尝起来）,feel（感到，摸起来）.结构：look/sound/smell/taste/feel/seem/…形容词look/sound/smell/taste/feel/seem/…副词（-ly/very/so/…）+形容词Thesouptastedverydelicious.★少数形容词只能作表语 这些形容词包括ill,asleep,awake,alone,afraid,well,worth,glad,unable等，只能作表语，不能作定语。(表语形容词)例如：(正)Don’t

beafraid. (误)Mr.Liisanafraidman.(正)Theoldmanwasillyesterday. (误)Thisisanillperson.(正)Thisplaceisworthvisiting. (误)Thatisaworthbook.练习：判断下列形容词所充当的成分：1.asmallGermantown 2.alightbluesweater 3.It’snothingserious.4.Hefeelslonely. 5.Tomistall 6.Johnlookssohappy.2.Themanlookedatmewitha______smile. A.friend B.friendsC.friendly D.friendlily3.Theneighborsvisittheoldman,sohedoesn’tfeel____atall.A.friendly B.lovely C.lonely D.lively4.Theflowersinthegardensmell______. A.nicely B.wonderfully C.well D.nice5.The_____boyhasbeeninhospitalforamonth.A.ill B.sick C.afraid D.alone6.Don’teatthemeat.Itsmells______. A.terribleB.badly C.deliciousD.good7.Hereisa____mouse.Wasitkilledbyyourcat

A.die B.died C.deathD.deadE.deadly8.Marylooks_____athome. A.happyB.happily C.happierD.morehappyMarylooks_____atthemodelintheroom. A.happyB.happily C.happierD.morehappy9.Ihave_____todotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothing D.importantsomething10.Whata____cough！Youseem_____ill.A.terrible，terriblyB.terribly，terribleC.terrible，terrible D.terribly，terribly⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：Wemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironmentclean.★keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词（作宾补）练习：1.Youmustkeepyoureyes_____whenyoudoeyeexercises.A.closeB.open C.closed D.opened2.Weshouldtryourbesttomakeourlife_______.A.well B.beautifully C.wonderful D.bad改错：1.I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether. 2.Theroomissonoise.3.Thefishhasgonebad.Ittastesterribly.4.I’msureyourillnessiscausedbysomethingseriously.5.Themixtureofcoffee,milk,andsugartastesdifferentlyfromtea.⑷.“the+形容词”用作主语及宾语,作主语时用作复数。Thedeadtheliving therich thepoor theblind thehungry

Theoldoftenthinkofoldthings.老年人经常回想往事。Thenewalwaystaketheplaceoftheold.新生事物总是会取代旧的事物。

1)Therich______oftengreedy.A.are B.is C.was D.wereThepoorarelosinghope.副词的学习一、用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。1、副词的分类：(见下表)时间副词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today,tomorrow,yesterday,now,then,early,late,once,soon,just,tonight,long,already,yet,before,ago,later,eversinceafter,wheneverfirst,someday,sometime,last,oncetwicealwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever(seldom)everhere,there,home,below,anywhere,above,outside,in,inside,out,back,up,downaway,off,far,near,nearby,wherevereverywhere,very,too,enough,rather,quite,how,so,much,just,nearly,onlyalmost,hardly,aslongas等,even,all,alittle,abitwell,hard,alone,fast,together,suddenly,how,where,when,why,whetherhowever,etc.too,also,nor,so,as,on,off,either,yes,no,not,neithermaybe,perhaps,certainly,-ly结尾的副词关系副词以-ly结尾的词大都是副词where,why,when,副词的用法：1、修饰动词:singhappily,greetsb.politely,talkloudly,listencarefully,rainheavily,singnicely2、修饰形容词:badlyill,trulysorry,reallysorry副词的构成：①大多数情况下由形容词+ly：quiet---quietlycorrect---correctlypolite---politely②以le结尾的形容词:-e—yterrible—terribly,gentle—gently，(im)possible—(im)possibly,comfortable—comfortably,simple—simply③以y结尾的形容词:-y—ily：easy---easilyhappy---happilyheavy---heavily④一些形容词本身也是副词：long,early,fast,hard，straight⑤部分形容词和副词是两个完全不同的词：good—well二、写出下列形容词的副词：1.bad 2.bright 3.careful 4.clear 5.soft6.correct 7.excited 8.free 9.loud 10.neat11.slow 12.close 13.polite 14.nice________ 15.possible16.gentle 17.comfortable 18.terrible 19.simple20.angry 21.happy22.heavy 23.noisy24.easy 25.hard26.fast27.good28.true 29.late三、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：★（副词可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，也可放句首修饰整个句子。）1）修饰动词时放在该动词后（主要以方式副词-ly或程度副词为主）：It’srainingheavily.练习：1.Helookedatit______again.A.care B.carefulness C.careful D.carefully2.Pleasedoyourhomework____________________.(careful)3.Theworkisn'thard.Icanfinishit____________________.(easy)4.Thegirl'svoicesounds____.Maybeshecanbecomeagoodsingerwhenshegrowsup.A.sweetB.sweetlyC.beautifully5.Thefiremenhavesavedtheboyfromthefire_______________(successful).2)修饰形容词或副词时，放在该词前面。Youarequiteright. Don’tridetoofast.NeitherTomnorSusancanswimverywell.练习：1.Whata____cough!Youseem_____ill.A.terrible,terribly B.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terrible,terribly2.Thecheesecaketastedso_____thatthekidsaskedformore.A.delicious

B.well

C.bad

D.badly3.—Whosepictureisbetter,Jack’sorTom’s?

—Bothofthemaregood.IthinkJackdraws

Tom.A.asgoodas

B.aswellas

C.betterthan

D.worsethan4.Thechildrenalllooked_______atthebrokenmodelplaneandfeltquite_______A.sad,sad B.sadly,sadly C.sad,sadly D.sadly,sad5.Thismathproblemis_______andIcandoit_______.A.easy,easily B.easily,easilyC.easy,easyD.easily,easy6.Thiskindofcaketastes_______.A.good B.well C.tobegood D.tobewell四、填入正确的形容词或副词(注意区分形容词与副词，名词与副词，名词与形容词)1.Sheisgoodatswimming.Shecanswimvery___________(good).2.The__________(early)birdsgettheworms(虫).So,wehavetogetup___________(early).3.Dickwalkedintothelivingroom____________(quiet). 4.Susanlooked__________(happy)attheparty.5.Marielooks___________(happy)atthecat. 6.A_____(hard)workerworks_______(hard).7.The____________(careful)driverdrives____________(careful).1.Mypursewasstolenonthebusyesterday.____________(luck),therewasnomoneyinit.

2.Mobilephonesare_________(wide)usedinmostofthecitiesinChina. 3.Heputonhiscoatandwentout____________(quick).

4.Sheis__________(good)thanLiPingatswimming.

5.AlotChinesepeopleare___________(pride)ofYaoMing,afamousbasketballstarinNBA.

6.—OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.

—Right.Thegovernmentspoke___________ofthat.(high)

7.Allieaskedme___________(polite)toputthethingsaway. 8.It’ssnowinghard.Youmustdrive_____________(careful).

9.—Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!—The______,thebetter.(cheap)I’mshortofmoney,yousee.

10.Hainanisaverylargeisland.It’sthesecond____________(large)islandinChina.五、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Jackgetup____________________todaythanyesterday.(early) 2.Pleasedoyourhomework____________________.(careful)3.Heistootiredtogoany____________________.(far)4.LeLeiruns__________________(fast)thanI,buthedoesn'trunas_________________(fast)asmybrother.5.ExerciseFiveis____________________thanExerciseFour.(difficult)6.Heismuch____________________thanI.(thin) 8.Thereis____________________waterintheglassthanthebottle.(little)9.Hehasbeenillforfewdays.Hefeelseven____________________today.(bad)10.Lasttermhestudiedhard.Heisgoingtostudy____________________thisterm.(hard)改错：*Youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention.*Itisrealagoodchancetohavemetallofyouhere.*Myhometownhastakenonanewlook.Howgreatithaschanged!1.Thefishhasgonebad.Ittastesterribly.2.I’msureyourillnessiscausedbysomethingmoreseriouslythanoverwork.3.Thenewheadmasterismuchmoreyoungerthantheoldone.4.WithouttheInternet,we’llfinditconvenienttocommunicatewithothers.5.Themixtureofcoffee,milk,andsugartastesdifferentlyfromtea.6.Peopleathomeandabroadhavebeengreathelpedbythenewcomputer.7.You’llneverimaginehowgoodhe’sdoinginhisstudieshereinCambridge.8.Weeatsimpleathomeanddonotwantto