(word完整版)超难高考英语完形填空、阅读理解精练各三篇(附答案和详细解析)

高考英语完形填空、阅读理解精练各三篇（附详细解析）纵观近几年高考完形填空题，我们不难发现：1、语境选择项增多； 2、选项设计一般为同一词类，或属同一范畴；3、难选之处前后多有暗示； 4、选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或以叙为主的议论文。根据高考试题的特点和命题的发展趋势，在复习备考中，对记叙文、以叙为主的议论文及某些具有一定哲理和教育意义的纯议论性短文都要加强练习。笔者精选三篇不同体裁的典型文章进行供同学们练习，并附详细解析，希望能帮助同学们在这一题型上积累经验，有所突破。（A）In1989an8.2earthquakealmostflattenedAmerica,killingover30,000peopleinlessthanfourminutes.Inthemiddleofcompletedamageanddisorder,afatherrushedtotheschoolwherehissonwassupposedtobe,___1__thatthebuildingwas___2___.Aftertheunforgettablyshock,he___3___thepromisehehadmadetohisson:"Nomatter___4___,I'llalwaysbethereforyou!"Andtearsbeganto___5___hiseyes.Ashelookedatthepileofruins,itlookedhopeless,buthekeptrememberinghis___6___tohisson.Herushedthereandstarted___7___theruins.Ashewasdigging,otherhelplessparentsarrived,___8___:"It'stoolate!They'realldead!___9___,facereality,there'snothingyoucando!"Toeachparentherespondedwith___10___"Areyougoingtohelpmenow?"Noonehelped.Andthenhecontinuedtodigforhisson,stonebystone.Courageouslyhewentonalonebecauseheneededtoknow___11___:"Ismyboy___12 orishedead?"Hedugforeighthours...12hours...24hours...36hours...then,in___13 hour,hepulledbackalargestoneandheardhisson's__14 .Hescreamedhisson'sname,"ARMAND!"Heheardback,"Dad!?!It'sme,Dad!Itoldtheotherkidsnottoworry.Itoldthemthatifyouwerealive,you__15 meand__16 yousavedme,they'dbesaved.Youpromised,'Nomatterwhathappens,I'llalwaysbethereforyou!'Youdidit,Dad!"What'sgoingoninthere?"thefatherasked."Thereare14ofus__17 18 33,Dad.We'rescared,hungry,thirstyandthankfulyou'rehere.Whenthebuildingcollapsed,itmade__19 ,anditsavedus.""Comeout,boy!""No,Dad!Lettheotherkidsoutfirst,__20 Iknowyou'llgetme!Nomatterwhathappens,Iknowyou'llalwaysbethereforme!"A.onlydiscoveringB.onlytodiscoverC.onlyrealizingD.onlytorealizeA.asflatasapancake B.ashighasamountainC.asstrongasanoxD.asweakasakittenC.asstrongasanoxD.asweakasakittenA.memorizedA.whatA.fillB.forgot C.keptB.whathappenC.whichB.fillin C.comeD.rememberedD.whoD.burstA.pictureA.diggingA.memorizedA.whatA.fillB.forgot C.keptB.whathappenC.whichB.fillin C.comeD.rememberedD.whoD.burstA.pictureA.diggingA.tosayA.ComeoutA.onewordB.promise C. presentB.diggingthroughC.diggingoutB.said C. andsayingB.Comeagain C. ComeonB.onesoundC.onerowD.encourageD.diggingintoD.sayingD.ComeoffD.onelineA.forhimselfA.liveofhimselfB.livingbyhimselfC.aliveD.tohimselfD.livelyA.38A.soundA.willsaveA.38A.soundA.willsaveA.whenA.remainedA.forA.apromiseA.becauseB.the38B.voiceB.wouldsaveB.becauseB.missingB.behindspaceB.though38thC.noiseC.saveC.evenifC.leftoutofC.roomC.whenthe38thD.toneD.wouldhavesavedD.thoughD.goneD.overD.atriangleD.eventhough本文是一篇故事情节较强的记叙文。文章讲述了“父亲如何履行自己曾对儿子许下的诺言”，故事生动、感人，极富吸引力。记事性记叙文相对而言，难度不大，考生容易把握文意，通过理解主题句，按照记叙文的基本要素理清文章的主题、背景、时间、地点、人物、事件经过等，把握文章的发展方向，就能顺利达到“完形”的目的。解题指导：Bonlytodosth.结果却，不料“”，作结果状语，表示该结果在主语的预料之外；现在分词作结果状语，表示由主句所产生的逻辑上的结果。realize在脑海里经过思维“认识到，了解 ”；find在表面上就能“发现，看出”。A这四个选项都是英语成语，根据本段第一句an8.2earthquakealmostflattenedAmerica判断，选择 A项。D从意义上判断， 他想起了他曾对他儿子许下的诺言"；memorized是背诵，熟记”。A从结构上分析，该句是省略了谓语动词的省略句，省略谓语之后，意义仍然清楚，如不省略动词，则使用第三人称单数 happens从意义上分析，可排除C、D项。A表示“流泪”，这几个动词都可能表示这种意义，但句式搭配不同，其表现形式分别为Tearsfillhiseyes；Tearscomeintohiseye；sHeburstsintotears。B从上下文意义判断，“他不停地想起他对他儿子许下的诺言”。B动词和动词短语是完形填空设项的重点之一。此题要分清这四项的不同含义。dig及物动词，掘（土），挖”；digthrough（为我 ）在 里挖掘"；digout发掘出”diginto钻研“”。D从结构上分析，应该用现在分词作伴随状语，用and则表示并列，用said。CComeon表示劝说，不耐烦，意为 得啦！，来！工可用Come,Come代替。D从词义上判断oneline一句话（台词）工A项中的oneword干扰性较大，它表示“一个词”，如用words是正确的。A 介词+反身代词”有固定含义，foroneself独自地，亲自；byoneself单独地；ofoneself自行地，自动地；tooneself对（着）自己。C这四个词都有“活着的”之意，live仅用作定语，作表语用living，alive。living和alive在意义上有细微差别，living可作定语和表语，含有“本以为死了，然而还活着”，又如：Ican’tbelievemyfirstteacherisstilllivin。galive作表语和后置定语，其含义与dead相对应。lively生动的，活跃的”。D在第38小时的时候，……”，序数词之前要用定冠词。

B注意这四个词的区别：sound各种）声音"；voice（人们说话的）嗓音”noiseC不悦耳的）嘈音”；toneC人们说话的）语气，语调工B这是表将来的虚拟语气，主句中用would+动词原形，从下文的句子中也能找到类似的句子。A从意义上判断， 如果你来救我，他们也会得救。”是条件状语从句，应该用if引导，然而选项中没有if,when与if同义，引导条件状语从句。evenif引导让步状语从句。C此题包含一个固定句型：Thereare・Tef还有•••'，••剩余下来”。C14-outof33意为：33人中有14人活下来。outof从严…•里面”。特别注意此题中的介词与前面的left没有任何联系。如果没有意识到这点，极可能会选错。D从意义上判断， 房屋倒塌时，自然形成的三角空隙”。而makeroom;makespace意为“（有意识地）为 腾出空间”。A从上下文意义判断，此句为原因状语从句。Myearsarerecentlyfullofjoyousremarksfrommyfriendssuchas, “(handsome,socool,thatIcan'thelpfallinginlovewithhim! ”Or"whaYeah,Iagree1somedegree,thoughIsometimesdowanttoaskthemhowmuchthey_2Beckham,apartfromhisappearanceandhowmuchtheyknowaboutfootball3scoringgoals.Itseemsfunnythatwearecrazyforthings,withwhichweareunfamiliaror4tjmou“WeSshouldnsgoodcharacterd1Hettersaytjmou“WeSshouldnsgoodcharacterd1HettersayWeneedthesepleasurestobrightenupourlives.Butthatdoesnnonsense.Asanoldsaying8 : "Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.anythingfromitsappearance.Weshouldallknow,itisonecontributionthat10oneastarandunforgettable.ThereforeweaboutBeckhamoodkaboutBeckhamoodkIfwecloseoureyes,12indeepthought,wecanfindthatthethings13ustobeintruthhappy,sadormoved14aclearmeaning.Ifwedon'tgodeeperandjustsatiswithsuperficialthings,15wewillfindthatwehavenotreallygainedanything16ourfirstimpressionhasblindedandmisledus,andwe 'llremairwignreaaizethatandmakesomechanges.Itisbelievedthatthinkingandgoingdeeperthanbeforeissignofgreat18.Ifonedaywearewillingtogodeeperintoeverything,nomatterhowmuchit19us,wewillfinallyprovehowmuchwehavegrownup,howmuchmoresensible,mature,andintelligentwehave20_.12345123456A.toA.learnfromA.ratherthanA.withwhichA.notA.oneoflifeC.oneoflifeA.norA.speaksA.takeB.onB.learnB.exceptforB.aboutthatB.aswellas'spleasuresssorrowB.andtalksB.judgein D. atC.know D. know aboutexcept D. apartfromC.aboutwhichD.whichC.ratherthanD.butB.pleasuresoflifeoneoflife'sregretsC.or D.orelseC.tells D.goesC.accept D.conclude10.A.makesB.causesB.muchC.buildsC.worseD.createD.less11.A.more12.A.fellB.fallenC.fallingD.fall13.A.thatmoveB.thatmovesC.moveD.moves14.A.lackB.haveC.includeD.cover15.A.infactB.indeedC.inawhile D.soonerorlater16.A.soB.eventhoughC.becauseD.although17.A.evenifB.althoughC.unlessD.if18.A.joyB.progressC.effortD.work19.A.caresB.painsC.worriesD.minds20.A.comeB.madeC.had D.become本文是一篇具有一定哲理和教育意义的、夹叙夹议的议论文。文章通过讲述“盲目追星”这一事例，阐明了“看问题不要只看表面，而要 ‘GoDeep’注重内含”这一论点。近几年高考完形填空题多采用这种体裁，必须引起高度重视。这类短文常常引用某一具体事例加以阐发，分析事物的发展方向，从而得出结论。文章的结构严谨，逻辑性较强。对学生的语篇整体理解能力和连贯思维能力有较高的要求。解题指导：.A介词的固定搭配，“在某种程度上 ”。.Dknowabout了解“”从下文中也能找到相同的短语。.Dapartfrom除•」'…外，还有……工具有附加性质”。其他选项具有排他性质”。从上文中也能找到相同的短语。.C此题为介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，about与beuncertain搭配。.B从上文中的weall判断，“不仅仅是我，还有我的朋友 ”。.A从结构上判断，此句含有宾语和宾补结构，宾语为this,后用单数。从下文的意义上判断，为“生活中的乐趣之一 ”。.C否定句中用or连接。不要达到疯狂和胡闹的程度.D“正如俗语所说的 ”，此四个选项都有 “说”之意，然而它们都有自己的搭配，A.speaks说语言，演讲”；B.talks交谈C.tells告诉”；如用says是正确的，此题中的goes与says同义。.Bjudge•••by…或judge…from•根据 判断”，从上句中能找到相同的意义。.A是一个人好的品德和贡献才得以成为明星“ ”。make之后接复合宾语。.D从上下文意义上判断，“在外貌上要少说 ”。.C从句子结构上分析，用现在分词形式作伴随状语。.A从句子结构上分析，此处为定语从句，that代替先行词things,所以谓语用复数形式，关系代词在从句中作主语，that不能省略。.B此句的句子结构较复杂，主语是前面的thethings，此题要填谓语动词，由于主语和谓语之间有一个定语从句，造成了句子的复杂性。意义为 “••…有明确的意义15.D从意义上判断，“如果我们不注重内含，满足表面的东西，迟早会发现我们将一无所获”。16.C从句子的连接上分析有“因果”关系。17.C从意义上判断， 除非我们意识到这点并做某些改变，否则的话 ……18.B从意义上判断，“更注重内含是一个人进步（成熟）的象征 ”。

19.Bpains在此为及物动词，意为费（苦）心”，这种意义与上下文是相通的20.D根据句子结构判断，应该用系动词。（C）Scientistsfindthathard-workingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Careerwomenare___1___thanhousewives,Evidenceshowsthat___2___areinpoorerhealththanthejob-holders.Astudyshows___3___theunemploymentrateincreasesby1%,thedeathrateincreasescorrespondinglyby2%.Allthis___4___onepoint:Workishelpfultohealth.Whyisworkgoodforhealth?Itisbecauseworkkeepspeoplebusy,__5 lonelinessandsolitude.Researchesshowthatpeoplefeel__6 andlonelywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Instead,thehappiestarethosewhoare___7___.Manyhighachieverswholovetheircareersfeelthattheyarehappiestwhentheyareworkinghard.Workservesas___8___betweenmanandreality.Bywork,people___9___eachother.Bycollectiveactivity,theyfindfriendshipandwarmth.Thisishelpfultohealth.Thelossofwork__10___thelossofeverything.Itaffectsmanspirituallyandmakeshimliableto11.__12 ,workgivesoneasenseoffulfillmentandasenseof___13___.Workmakesonefeelhisvalueandstatusinsociety.When___14___finisheshiswritingoradoctorsuccessfully__15 apatientorateacherseeshisstudents___16___,theyarehappy__17 .Fromtheabovewecancometotheconclusion___18___themoreyouwork,__19youwillbe.Letusworkhard,__20___andliveA.morehealthierA.careerwomenA.thatwheneverA.comesdowntoA.不填A.happy,interestedC.cheerful,concernedA.busyA.ariverA.comeacrossC.lookdownupon__19youwillbe.Letusworkhard,__20___andliveA.morehealthierA.careerwomenA.thatwheneverA.comesdowntoA.不填A.happy,interestedC.cheerful,concernedA.busyA.ariverA.comeacrossC.lookdownuponB.healthierB.thebusyB.whetherB.equalstoB.offB.freeB.agapA.A.A.A.A.A.meanssuccessBesidesdisappointmentaworkermanagesA.raiseA.inawordA.thatC.weakerC.thejoblessC.thatthoughC.addsuptoC.intouchwithglad,joyfulahappyandhealthylife.D.worseD.thehard-workingD.sinceD.amountstoD.awayfromD.unhappy,worriedC.lazyachannelD.emptyabridgecomeintocontactwithD.watchoverB.standsB.deathB.NeverthelessB.achievementB.afarmerB.controlsB.growB.withoutawordwhichC.equalsC.victoryC.HoweverC.regretawriterC.operatesonC.riseatawordC.whatD.matchesD.diseaseYetD.apologyD.amanagerD.dealswithD.increaseD.beyondwordsD不填.lonelierandweakerD.thehappierandhealthierlonelierandweakerD.thehappierandhealthierstudygoodD.studyingA.thelonelierandweakerC.happierandhealthierA.studywell B.studyingwellgood本文是一篇议论文。作者围绕“努力工作有益于身体健康 ”这一论点进行展开。体裁为纯议论性的完形填空题也是高考命题的一大趋势，对考生来说，这类试题有一定的难度。解题时不仅要注意句子中的词语搭配，更要从整体上把握文章的结构，按照文章的行文逻辑进行合理的推断。如本题中的第 2、6、7、12、13、19小题。解题指导：B从文章的主题句Scientistsfindthathard-workingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen分析，可得出职业妇女比家庭主妇更健康”。A项为语法错误。C根据上一句进行逻辑推理，“没有工作的人比有工作的人身体差”。A从结构上分析，在宾语从句中又有一个时间状语从句。意为“研究表明当失业率上升 1%，死亡率相应上升 2%。”A动词短语意义的区别是完形填空的常考点，考生须平时注意积累。comedownto“归结为”；equalto等于“”；addupto合计“”；amountto总共到；相当于“ ”。D此题的干扰性较大，需从意义和结构两方面进行分析，A项“不填”似乎有可能，但从结构上推敲，显然不符 “keepsb.+adj.吉构：再从意义上分析，可排除B、C项。此题的意义为“使人们免遭孤独和寂寞 ”。D从下文•andlonelywhentheyhavenothingtodoffl行逻辑推理，意义为没事做的人会感到unhappy,worriedandlonely。”A从上下文逻辑上判断。“最快乐的人是那些大忙人。”D从下一句分析，意为“工作当作人与现实生活联系的桥梁”。B从意义上判断，“通过工作人们相互联系（接触）”。Ameans“意味着”。D从意义上分析，A、C项不符合上下文的逻辑关系，B项过于严重，还达不到“死亡”的程度。A从文章的篇章结构上分析，上文讲述的是工作给人们带来的益处，下文还是讲TOC\o"1-5"\h\z述这方面的内容，属“递进”的关系，而不是“转折”的关系。所以选 A。B从意义上判断，此题必须同前面的 asenseoffulfillment（充实感）意义相类似。所以选B项，意为“成就感”C从下文的hiswriting可判断出答案。C根据医生从事的工作性质可断定是“成功地为病人动手术 ”。B老师看到学生成长“ ”，主要表示在知识、阅历上的长进。Dbeyondwords无法用语言表达“ ”；inaword简言之“”；withoutaword二话没“说”；ataword反应迅速地，立即“ ”。A从语法结构上分析，conclusion之后为一个同位语从句，根据同位语从句的特点，that不能省略，也不能用which和what。D从全文意义上分析，“工作越多，人就会越高兴、越健康 ”。而不是“越寂寞、越虚弱”。从句子结构上分析，此题含有一个 "themore…，themore句型A从句子结构上判断，此句为三个谓语动词并列。同时注意修饰动词要用副词well，不能用形容词good。(A)EdViestursgrewupinRockford,Illinois,wherethetallestthingonthehorizonwasthewatertower.ButonThursday,ViestursbecametheonlyAmericantoclimbtothetopoftheworld's14highestmountains.HislasthikewasupMountAnnapurna,inAsia'ssnowcappedHimalayas.At26,545feet,itspeakisthe10thhighestintheworld.Itisthemountainthatinspiredhimtostartclimbing."Ittendstobethetrickiest,themostdangerous,"saidViesturs."There'snosimplewaytoclimbit.Therearethreateningavalanches需崩)andicefallsthatprotectthemountain."Inhighschool,ViestursreadFrenchclimberMauriceHerzog'staleofclimbingtheicyAnnapurna.Herzog'sstorywasoffrostbite冻伤)anddifficultyandnear-deathexperiences.Viesturswashookedrightaway.ViestursgothisstartonWashington'sMountRainierin1977,guidinghikesinthesummer.Fifteenyearsago,hesetouttowalkuptotheworld'shighestpeaks.Finally,he'sdone.Thepioneeringclimbertalksaboutmountainsasiftheywerelivingcreaturesthatshouldbetreatedwithrespect."Youhavetouseallofyoursenses,allofyourabilitiestoseeifthemountainwillletyouclimbit,"saidViesturs."Ifwehavethepatienceandtherespect,andifwe'rehereattherighttime,undertherightcircumstances,theyallowustogoup,andallowustocomedown."What'snextforamanwhocan'tstopclimbing?"I'mgoingtohugmywifeandkidsandkindofkickbackandenjoythesummer,"saysViesturs.Butforamanwho'sclimbedtheworld's14tallestmountains,hewillprobablysoonsetoffonyetanotheradventure.WhatrecordhasEdViestursset?Hehassucceededinclimbngtotheworld's14thhighestmountain.Hehasbeentothetopoftheworld 's14highestmountains.Hehasbecomethefirsttoclimbtotheheightof26,545feet.Hehasbecomethefirstmantoclimbtothetopof14highestmountainsintheworld.Theunderlinedword“hooked”inParagraph4canbereplacedby "A.frightenedB.discouragedC.interestedD.upsetTheauthorusedViestures'wordsinParagraph6tosupportaviewthatmountainclimbingisadangeroussportB.mountainsshouldberegardedaslivingcreaturesmountainclimbingneedsmoreskillsthanphysicalenergythosewholikemountainclimbingwon 'tstopclimbingWhat'sthenextprobablyplanofViestures?Stoppingclimbingandstayingwithhisfamily.Climbingtothetopoftheworld 's14tallestmountainsagain.Climbinganotheroneofthehighestmountains.Writingdowntheexperiencesabouthisadventure.(B)Althoughhurricaneseasondoesn'tbeginuntilJune1,aPacificstormhasalreadystruck.ElSalvador,whichwasruinedbyaCaribbeanstormin1995,washitbyHurricaneAdrianonFriday.ThisisthefirstPacific-bornhurricanetoeverreachlandinthisCentralAmericancountry.Some14,000peopleleftfromthewesterncoastofElSalvador.Thestormweakenedasitcrossedland,headingeast.Heavyrainscreateddeadlyfloodingproblemsinthehurricane'swake.AdrianisthefirstPacificstormoftheseason.Itreportedmaximumcontinuouswindsof75milesperhour,theminimumstrengthofahurricane.ACategory3hurricane,AdrianalsocauseddamageandfloodinginHonduras.ItisexpectedtobreakupbeforereachingtheCaribbeanSeaontheeasterncoastofCentralAmerica.HurricaneseasontypicallybeginsJune1andlaststhroughNovember30.TheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)haspredictedseventoninehurricanesforthe2005season."Itisdifficulttomakeanykindofanexactpredictionofhowmanyofthesewillstrikeland,"NOAAadministratorConradLautenbachersaid.HepredictstwotothreehurricaneswillstriketheU.S.thisseason.Lastyear,sixofninehurricanesreachedCategory3strengthorhigher.FourofthosehitFloridawithinasix-weekperiod.Altogether,HurricanesCharley,Frances,Ivan,andJeannecausedmorethan$40billionindamageintheSunshineState.Thisyear'sforecastisbasedonoceantemperatures.Warmertemperaturesproducemoretropicalstorms,whichcanthenturnintohurricanes."Theissue,really,thisyearistheunusuallywarmseasurfacetemperaturesintheAtlantic,saidFrankLeporeoftheNationalHurricaneCenter.Whichofthefollowingisthe2005firsthurricane?A.Charley.B.Adrian. C.Jeanne. D.Frances.Howmanycountriesstruckbythehurricanearementionedinthetext?A.Six. B.Nine. C.Five. D.Three.Wecaninferthatwarmeroceantemperatures .A.havenothingtodowiththehurricaneB.causelesshurricaneC.aremorelikelytocausethehurricanesD.doalotofdamagetotheareasalongthecoastThepassageimpliesthat .hurricaneseasoncomesearlythisyeareveryhurricaneformedinoceanscouldcausegreatdamagetothelandhurricaneoftencomesinwinterandspringtropicalstormismoreseverethanhurricane(C)It'snotquitearat.Norisitasquirrel,oramouse.It'sdefinitelyarodent啮齿目动物( ),andit'salsoabrand-newfamilyofmammals.ThelocalsoftheSoutheastAsiancountryofLaoscallthecreatureakha-nyou(ga-nyou).Thekha-nyouhavelongbodyhair,shortlegs,andahairytaillessthickthanasquirrel's.They'revegetarianslivingintherockyhillsofLaos,andtheycomeoutatnight,butformoreinformation,you'llhavetoasktheLaopeople."Itwasforsaleonatablenexttosomevegetables.IknewimmediatelyitwassomethingIhadneverseenbefore,"saidRobertTimmins,aresearcherfortheWildlifeConservationSociety.TimminswasworkinginLaostostoppeoplefromsellingendangeredanimalswhenhespottedthespecies.Criminalswhotradeillegalwildlifecanmakealotofmoney,buttheyalsopushtheanimalsclosertodisappearingfromtheplanet.Thekha-nyouliveinkarsts,orroughrock.MarkRobinson,ascientistwiththeWorldWildlifeFoundation,setoutwithLaovillagerstofindafewmoreoftherodentsforstudy.Theyclimbedontoakarst,trappedwithrice,andcaughtseveral."Tofindsomethingsounusualinthisdayandageisjustextraordinary,"saidTimmins."Forallweknow,thiscouldbethelastremaininganimalfamilylefttobediscovered."It'sabigdealtodiscoveranentirelynewfamilyofanimals.Humans,forinstance,belongtothesamefamilyasgreatapes,chimpanzees,andgorillas.Soeventhoughkha-nyouslooklikerats,they'rereallyverydifferent.Thelasttimescientistsdiscoveredanewfamilyofmammalsmayhavebeeninthe1970s,whentheyfoundnewbatsinThailand.TimminsseemstohavethegiftforfindingnewanimalsinLaos—hediscoveredanewspeciesofrabbittherein1999.Scientistscallthekha-nyouLaonastesaenigmamus,whichmeans"mysteriousmousethatlivesamongthestones."Butifthat'stoohard,TimminsandRobinsonsuggestyoucallthem"rockrats."Whichofthefollowingisnotthenameforthisnewcreature?A.Karsts.B.Kha-nyou.C.rockrats.D.Laonastesaenigmamus.Whichofthefollowingcannotdescribethenewspeciesof