GCT英语精讲讲义02-语法

工硕考研辅导:语法部分该文档有以下视频课件语法和词汇:共有10道题,每题2分。前5道题为词汇题;后5道为语法概念题。该部分时间大约8分钟,分值为20分。掌握基本的英语语法知识,要求能在阅读、写作等过程中能够正确运用这些知识,达到获取有关信息和基本表达、交流思想的目的。具体需要掌握的内容如下:1.名词、代词的数和格的构成形式及其用法;2.动词的基本时态、语态的构成形式及其用法;3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成形式及其用法;4.常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法;5.非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词的构成形式及其用法;6.虚拟语气的构成及其用法;7.各类从句的构成及其用法;8.强调句型的结构及其用法;9.常用倒装句的结构。第一节名词例题:1.MrandMrs.Smitharesoexcitedtoday,fortheyboughtyesterday.A.manyfurnituresB.somanyfurnitureC.quiteafewfurnitureD.alotoffurniture2.havetraveledinspace-shipsalready.A.WomenastronautsB.WomenastronautC.WomanastronautsD.Womanastronaut3.havecomeupwiththesolutionstotheproblem.A.TheboystudentB.TheboysstudentC.TheboystudentsC.Theboysstudents4.LiYinghasthree.A.brother-in-lawB.brothers-in-lawC.brothers-in-lawsD.brother-in-laws5.Ifyouarefrightened,telloneof.A.thegrown-upB.thegrown-upsC.theup-grownsD.theup-grown6.Theladyoverthereis.A.JaneandMarymotherB.JaneandMary’smotherC.Jane’sandMary’smotherD.Jane’sandMarymother7.Thereweremorethantherewereseatsontheplane.A.stand-byB.stands-byC.stands-bysD.stand-bys8.Heneedsa.A.fewdays’restB.fewdaysrestC.littledays’restD.littledaysrest9.Iborrowedabookofyesterday.A.youB.yourC.yoursD.your’s10.EversincePicasso’spaintingwentonexhibit,there______largecrowdsatthemuseumeveryday.A.isB.hasbeenC.havebeenD.are第二节代词例题1.Itwaswhocleanedthedormroom.A.heandIB.himandmeC.heandmeD.HimandI2.Thesemachinesarebetterthanweusedlastyear.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.which3.“MayIhelpyouwithsomeshoes,sir?”“Yes,I’dliketotryonthoseblack.”A.oneB.onesC.twoD.pair4.“DoyoulikethebookSidneygaveyou?”“Verymuch.It’sexactlyIwanted.”A.onewhichB.theoneC.onewhatD.onethat5.“Haveyoufoundthepenyoulostyesterday?”“Yes,Ihavefound.”A.oneB.itC.eitherD.both6.PoeandHawthorneinthedevelopmentoftheshortstoryasadistinctiveAmericangenre.A.andbothleaderswereB.bothwereleadersC.werebothleadersD.whowereleaders7.Myparentsinthisevening.A.arebothB.allareC.bothareD.areall8.areveryclever.A.BoththemB.BothofthemC.ThebothboysD.Bothofboys9.Catherinehadspentmowingthelawn.A.thewholedayB.allduringthedayC.altogetheradayD.entirelyaday10.thegirlscameonthetrip.A.NeitherB.NobodyofC.NoneofD.Nooneof第三节形容词和副词例题1.Hissalaryasadriverismuchhigher.A.thanateacherB.thanthatofateacherC.thatofateacherD.thanthoseofateacher2.allthepoemsIhavereadrecently,ThomasHardy’sTheDarklingThrustseemsthemostrelevanttoourtimes.A.OfB.AmongC.InD.About3.Tothebestofmyknowledge,theclimateinArizonaisbetteryear-round.A.thananyotherstateB.thanotherstatesC.thaninanyotherstateD.thanisanyotherstate4.Questioningthequalityoftheairtheybreathebecomeslessimportantthanaboutthenextpaycheck.A.havingquestionedB.questioningC.tohavequestionedD.question5.Heliveinthecountrythaninthecity.A.wouldB.likestoC.wouldratherD.hadbetter6.ThecultureandcustomsofAmericaaremorelikeofEnglandthanofanyothercountry.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.those7.Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighthanthesamefoodpackedincans,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialcondition.A.fewB.fewerC.littleD.less8.ButshewouldratherstayathomealonethantoJane’sgossip.A.tolistenB.listeningC.listenD.listened9.Thenewmethodforrefiningaluminumwasthatitbecamepracticalformanypurposes,oneofthefirstofwhichwasformakingpotsandpans.A.somorecheaperB.somuchcheaperC.somanycheaperD.suchmuchcheaper10.livingthingsarelinkedtogetherasintimatelythanbeesandflowers.A.FewerB.FewC.LittleD.Less第四节非谓语动词作定语和状语非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。一般来说,动词不定式可充当除谓语以外的其他各种成分;动名词只可作句子的主语、定语、表语、宾语和补语;分词只能作定语、表语、状语及补语。即使是作同一种成分,不同非谓语形式之间仍然存在差异。不定式作状语时,可表示目的、原因、结果和方式等;分词作状语不仅可表示原因、结果方式,还可以表示时间、条件、伴随情况及让步等。因此考生在做题时应分析状语表达的是何种意思,才能做出正确的选择。非谓语动词的时态、语态的表达形式见下表。不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词一般时完成时进行时完成进行时todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingdoinghavingdone-havingbeendoingbeingdonehavingdone-havingbeendoingdone---不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词一般被动式完成被动式tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone____例题1.Thestudentsexpectedtheremorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.havebeen2.WhereshallIputmyboxes?Thedraweristheplace.A.toputthemB.puttingtheminC.toputinthemD.toputthemin3.Shehasnopencil.A.towriteaboutB.towritewithC.towriteD.towritein4.Thoughsmall,theroomiscomfortable.A.toliveB.toliveinC.livinginD.livein5.Thegirlwalkedquietlyintotheroomawakeherroommates.A.soastoB.inordernottoC.soastonotD.fortonot6.Weweresurprisedattheexam.A.himnotpassB.hispassingnotC.hisnotpassingD.himnottopass7.one’sworkproperlymaybeworsethannotdoingitatall.A.NottodoB.DoingnotC.DoingD.Notdoing8.Hepridedhimselfonatchess.A.havingneverbeatenB.havingbeenneverbeatenC.havingneverbeenbeatenD.neverhavebeenbeaten9.“Howdidyoulearntodrive?”“strictobediencetomytutor.”A.GivingB.bygivingC.GiveD.Togive10.Janewasscoldedbythedirectorbecausehelefttheofficewiththedoor.A.unlockingB.notbeinglockedC.unlockedD.notlocking11.inancienttimes,thebookstillappealstoreaderstoday.A.ThoughitwrittenB.ThoughwrittenC.ItwaswriterD.Writtenitwas12.Afterawholeday’sheavywork,theoldworkerreturnedhome,.A.hungryandfeltexhaustingB.hungerandexhaustedC.hungryandexhaustedD.hungryandhavingbeenexhausted13.Theoldwritercouldnotsleepatnight,hiswrongsandsorrowshimnopeace.A.gaveB.havegivenC.beinggivenD.giving14.Televisionhasbecomeamajorinstrumentofcommunication,ustoseeaswellastohearallkindsofprogrammers.A.topermitB.permittedC.beingpermittingD.permitting15.Thedecision,whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.A.beenmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havingbeenmadeD.havingbeenmaking16.Somepeoplearesittingonthegrass;othersarestrollingalongthelakeside,.A.chattingandtolaughB.tochatandtolaughC.chattingandlaughingD.chattingandlaughed17.Iwasoverjoyedatthenewsofmyhometownsomuchprogress.A.tomakeB.tohavemadeC.madeD.havingmade18.Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials,.A.onlydiffersindegreeB.onlyindegreeitdiffersC.differingonlyindegreeD.anddifferingindegreeonly19.Thatthebrain,onceoxygen,dieshasbeenproved.A.deprivingofB.deprivedC.beingdeprivedD.deprivedof20.TheRedCrosshelpforrefugees,overtwomilliondollarshavebeenraised.A.appealsforB.appealstoC.hasbeenappealingforD.appealingfor第五节非谓语动词作动词宾语和宾语补足语例题1.Nobodyenjoyshavingatooth.A.drillandfillB.drillingandfillingC.todrillandfillD.drilledandfilled2.It’snouseouranylonger.Hemaycomebyanytrain.Heisusedtofindinghiswayaround.A.towaitB.waitingC.tohavewaitedD.havingwaited3.Therevolutionaryfighterwouldratherdiewithhisheadhighthanwithhiskneesbent.A.toliveB.livingC.liveD.lived4.Iforgotherthatmycoatbuttonsneedtobesewnon.A.remindingB.havingremindedC.toremindD.tohavereminded5.It’snogoodremembergrammaticalrules.Youneedtopractisewhatyouhavelearned.A.tryingtoB.totrytoC.trytoD.triedto6.Ifeelliketotheownerofthehousetocomplain.A.writingB.towriteC.writeD.havingwritten7.Asweapproachedthevillagewesawmanynewhouses.A.builtB.buildC.beingbuiltD.building8.Timcannotbuthissupervisortohelphimsolvethedifficultyhehasindoinghisproject.A.toaskB.askC.askingD.asked9.Wouldyoumindquietforamoment?Iamtryingaform.A.keeping;fillingoutB.tokeep;tofilloutC.keeping;tofilloutD.tokeep;fillingout10.Idon’tremembertoprofessorBrownduringmylastvisittoHarvard.A.havingintroducedB.havingbeenintroducedC.tohaveintroducedD.tohavebeenintroduced第六节时态谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时间的各种形式称为时态。从时间上来看,英语的时态有现在、过去、将来及过去将来四种。从表现形式(或称“体”上来看,英语的时态有一般时态、过去时态、完成时态、完成进行时态四种。两者的结合构成了英语的各种时态。共有十六种,具体见下表:一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在dodoesisamdoingareHasDoneHavehasbeendoinghave过去didwasdoingwerehaddonehadbeendoing将来shalldowillshallbedoingwillshallhavedonewillshallhavebeendoingwill过去将来shoulddowouldshouldbedoingwouldshouldhavedonewouldshouldhavebeendoingwould例题1.Evenifitthisafternoon,Iwillgothere.A.hasrainedB.willrainC.rainsD.willhaverained2.lastyearandisnowearninghislivingasanadvertisingagent.A.HewouldleaveschoolB.HeleftschoolC.HehadleftschoolD.Hehasleftschool3.Weeachotherfortenyears.A.hadknownB.haveknownC.havebeenknowingD.know4.Theyfulfilledtheplanearlierthanthey.A.haveexpectedB.expectedC.wereexpectingD.hadexpected5.“Willshefinishtheworksoon?”“Yes,sheitbynextFriday.”A.shallfinishB.finishC.havefinishedD.willhavefinished6.Italmosteverydaysofarthismonth.A.israiningB.rainedC.rainsD.hasbeenraining7.Mywife.A.hasforevercriticizedmeB.forevercriticizingmeC.wasforevercriticizingmeD.isforevercriticizingme8.Heinasmallworkshop,butnowheistheheadofabigbusinesscompany.A.usedtoworkingB.wasusedtoworkC.usedtoworkD.wasusedtoworking9.Mygrandmotherrurallife.A.hasusedtoB.usedtoC.isusedtoD.usesto10.Imybreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.A.hadB.hadbeenhavingC.washavingD.havebeenhaving第七节语态英语动词有两种语态:主动语态(activevoice和被动语态(passivevoice。被动语态往往是各类考试中的侧重点。被动语态常用于下列几种情况:1.动作的执行者无需指出或不明确时。例如:PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.2.为强调动作的承受者时。例如:Fourpeoplewerekilledandthirty-onewereinjuredinthebombattack.Susanwassingledoutforpraiseyesterday.3.为了修辞的需要。例如:Hestartedtocomplainaboutthiswickedworldbutwasinterruptedbyaknockatthedoor.YesterdayhevisitedouruniversityandwaswelcomedbythePresident.例题1.Theprofessorwasknowledgeableandeloquentandwithenthusiasm.A.wasalwayslistenedB.wasalwayslistenedtoC.alwayswaslistenedD.alwayslistenedto2.Hereturnedaweeklaterandfoundhishouse.A.hadbrokenintoB.wasbrokenintoC.tobebrokenintoD.hadbeenbrokeninto3.TheUnitedKingdomGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.A.consistedofB.isconsistedofC.consistsofD.consist4.Theseorangesnice.A.aretastedB.tasteC.istastedD.tastes5.In1950,shewasthelargestshipthat.A.waseverbuiltB.haseverbuiltC.haseverbeenbuiltD.hadeverbeenbuilt6.Thehousesuddenlycollapsedwhileitdown.A.waspulledB.pulledC.wasbeingpulledD.hadbeenpulled7.“Howdoyoulikeyournewposition?”“I.”A.don’tsatisfyB.amnotsatisfiedC.can’tsatisfyD.haven’tsatisfied8.Sheinthefeetonherwayhomefromwork.A.washurtingB.ishurtC.hurtsD.gothurt9.Therearemorethanfiftyproposalsattheconference.A.discussedB.tobediscussedC.discussingD.havingdiscussed10.ThoughNewtonwasagreatscientist,manyofhisideastodayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkoftoday’sscientists.A.aretochallengeB.arechallengingC.maybechallengedD.havebeenchallenged第八节虚拟语气虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、怀疑、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况,以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。由于虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊表现形式,因而动词的变化形式体现出虚拟语气所包含的不同含义。虚拟语气用于非真实条件句时的构成如下表所述:If从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be为werewould(should+动词原形与过去事实相反动词的过去完成式would(should,could,might+have+动词的过去分词与将来时间相反1动词的过去式(be为werewould(should,could,night+动词原形2were+不定式3should+动词原形例句:IfIhadtime,Iwouldgotothemovieswithyou.Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thegamewouldbeputoff.例题1.Ifyouthatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbedozy(困倦的now.A.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’thavewatched2.HadIknowit,Iyou.A.havetoldB.andtoldC.wouldn’tbetoldD.wouldhavetold3.thestorm,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.A.ForbutB.ButforC.InspiteofD.Incaseof4.Sheinsistedthatwhatshehaddoneright.A.wasB.isC.beD.hadbeen5.Iwishyoumeyesterday.A.tellB.couldtellC.wouldtellD.hadtold6.itlefttometodecide,Iwouldnothesitatetopreferthelatter.A.IfB.WereC.HadD.Should7.Itisimportantthatyoutothedeanbeforeleavingforyouvacation.A.speakB.spokenC.haveD.speaks8.It’sabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.tookB.takeC.havetakenD.willtake9.Hetalksasifhetheincident.A.hadwitnessedB.witnessedC.witnessD.havewitnessed10.Thebossaskedthattheletterimmediately.A.betypedB.typedC.witnessD.beingtyped11.Don’tyouthinkitistimethatyousmoking?A.giveupB.wouldgiveupC.gaveupD.mustgiveup12.Withoutcomputer,wethetremendousmedicaladvancementinthelastfewdecades.A.wouldnotmakeB.willnothavemadeC.couldnotmakeD.couldn’thavemade13.foryourlaziness,youcouldhavefinishedtheassignmentbynow.A.HaditnotbeenB.Weren’titC.ItwerenotD.Hadnotitbeen14.I’dhavecomewithyouIamsobusy.A.exceptforB.providedthatC.butthatD.solongas15.Itisstrangethatsuchathinginyourcompany.A.willhappenB.happensC.happenedD.shouldhappen16.It’sessentialthattheseapplicationformsbackasearlyaspossible.A.mustbesentB.willbesentC.aresentD.besent17.Wemovethatheforhisseriousmistake.A.willbedischargedB.bedischargedC.isdischargedD.mustbedischarged18.Itwasarrangedthattheythefollowingweek.A.leaveB.mustleaveC.willleaveD.shallleave19.Hemadethesuggestionthatadeadlineforhandingintheplan.A.besetB.mustbesetC.issetD.willbeset20.IwishItoseethefilmlastnight.A.wentB.willgoC.shouldgoD.hadgone第九节倒装例题1.Onlyrecentlytorealizethedangerscaffeine(咖啡因mightbringtoourhealth.A.thatscientistsbeganB.havescientistsbegunC.scientistshavebegunD.thatdidscientistsbegin2.Notuntiltheyearof1954madethecapitalofthiscountry.A.thecitywasB.wasthecityC.whenthecitywasD.waswhenthecity3.thedoctorrightaway,hemightbealivetoday.A.ShouldhehavegonetoB.IfhewenttoC.WerehetogoD.Hadhegoneto4.“Doesyourfathercallyouveryoften?”“Yes,myfathercallsaboutonceaweekand.”A.somybrotherdoesB.mybrotherdoessoC.sodoesmybrotherD.doessomybrother5.Hardlyanythingmorethanthehappinessofseeingsomeoneusinghisdevicefortreatment.A.pleasehimB.doespleasehimC.pleaseshimD