国际商法简答题

Whatisinternationallaw?Defined:ThebodyofrulesandnormsthatregulatesactivitiescarriedonoutsidethelegalboundariesofnationsItregulatesthreeinternationalrelationships:ThosebetweenstatesandstatesThosebetweenstatesandpersonsThosebetweenpersonsandpersonsSourcesofinternationallaw?AuthorizedSources:1)Internationalconventions,2)Internationalcustom,3)Generalprinciplesoflaw.4)JudicialdecisionsandTeachingsofpublicists.TreatiesandConventions条约，公约？Treatiesarelegallybindingagreementsbetweentwoormorenations.Conventionsarebindingagreementsbetweenstatessponsoredbyinternationalorganizations.CustomRulesthathavebeenaroundforalongtimeorwhicharegenerallyaccepted.GeneralPrinciplesGeneralprinciplesoflawthatarecommontoboth(orall)thestatepartiestoadispute3.Productliabilitylaws?产品责任法Productliabilitylawsattempttodiscouragemanufacturersfromputtingdefectiveproductsintothemarketplacebyrequiringthemtoassumeliabilityfortheinjuriestheirproductscause.Theretheoriesarecommonlyreliedupontodothis:(依据)1).breadofcontract2).negligence3).strictliabilityCopyrights,Patents,Trademarks?Acopyrightisastatutoryrightthatgivestheauthorofanartisticwork,foralimitedperiod,theexclusiveprivilegeofmakingcopiesoftheworkandpublishingandsellingthecopies.A].PecuniaryRights B]MoralRights C]WorksCovered D]NeighboringRightsAstatutoryprivilegegrantedbytheGovernmenttoinventors,andtoothersderivingtheirrightsfromtheinventor,forafixedperiodofyears,toexcludeotherpersonsfrommanufacturing,using,orsellingapatentedproduct,orfromutilizingapatentedmethodorprocess.A]Designpatents B]Plantpatents C]UtilitypatentsAnyword,name,symbol,ordevicethatmerchantsandothersusetoidentifythemselvesandtheirproductsA]trademarksB]tradenames;C]servicemarks;D]collectivemarks;E]certificationmarksDumpingSubsidy？倾销？补贴？Theanti-dumpingduty?Theanti-Subsidyduty?反倾销税？反补贴税？Theexportpriceoftheproductexportedfrom onecountrytoanotherislessthanthecomparableprice,intheordinarycourseoftrade,forthelikeproductdefinesdumping.Thesubsidyisafinancialcontributionmadebyagovernmentorotherpublicbodythat confersabenefitonanenterprise,groupofenterprises,oranindustry.Theanti-dumpingdutyusedtocounterthedumpingofimports.Ifsubsideshaveanunreasonableimpactonanothercountry’sinternalmarket,thatcountrycanimposecountervailingdutiestooffsettheirimpact.Nationalmonetarysystems?Therearethreetypesoforganizationsthatoperateonthenationalplanetoimplementnationalmonetarypolicies.1).Thehighestlevelisapoliticalagencyofthenationalgovernmentthatsetsnationalfiscalpolicyandcarriesonfinancialfunctionsofthegovernment.2).Thenextlevelisacentralbank.3).Thethirdlevelarethecommercialbanksthatacceptandmanagedeposits,makeloans,andoffertrustservices.ThreemethodsofDiplomcaytosettlementofdisputes?Negotiation谈判istheprocessofreachinganagreementbydiscussion.Mediation调解involvestheuseofathirdpartywhotransmitsandinterpretstheproposalsoftheprincipalpartiesandsometimesadvancesindependentproposals.(调解可以解决全部争议)Inquiry调查isaprocessusedtodetermineadisputedfactorfacts.(针对某一特定事件)WhatistheIntellectualProperty知识产权?Defined:UsefulinformationorknowledgeArtisticproperty:Artistic,literaryandmusicalworks.Industrialproperty:A]Inventions;B]TrademarksWhatisfreetradetypes?VirtuallyallstatesencouragemultinationalenterprisestoinvestintheireconomiesbysettingFreezones.ThelargestFreezonesarecalledfreetradeareas(FTAs)andaremadeupoftwoormorestates.②Exportprocessingzones(EPZs)出口加工区②Freeretailzones免税零售区ThemainprinciplesofGATT1947?（GATT1947的主要原则）Tradediscriminationforbidden.Eachstatehadtoaffordmostfavored-nationstatustoallothercontractingstatesequally;foreigngoodstreatedthesameasdomesticgoodsaccordingtothenationaltreatmentprinciple.Onlybarriersthatonecontractingstatecouldusetolimittheimportationofgoodsfromanothercontractingstatewerecustomstariffs.ThetraderegulationsofcontractingstateshadtobetransparentCustomsunionsandfreetradeagreementsbetweencontractingstateswereacceptableforliberalizingtradesolongastheydidnotdiscriminateagainstthird-partyGATTstates.GATTstateswereonlyallowedcertainchargesa]ImporttaxequaltointernaltaxesAntidumpingdutiesCountervailingdutiestocounteractforeignexportdutiesd]FeesandproperchargesforservicesrenderedBankforinternationalsettlement(BIS)国际清算银行Theoldestinternationalorganizationinvolvedinmonetarycooperation.Its3mainpurposes:1_toactasabankfortheworld’scentralbanks.2_topromoteinternationalmonetarycooperation3_toactasanagentforinternationalsettlements.What’sdoctrineofimputability?Astateisonlyresponsibleforactionsthatareimputableorattributabletoit.Themostlycommonlyacceptedinterpretationofthistheoryisthatthestateisresponsibleforactsdonebyofficialswithintheirapparentauthority.Thisincludes(1)actswithinthescopeofofficials’authority.(2)actsoutsidetheirscopeofauthorityifthestateprovidedthemeansorfacilitiestoaccomplishtheact.Internationalpersons(主体)? 13.Whatisstate?Thetypesofstate? {}Statesandtheirsubdivisions,internationalorganizations,businesses,andindividuals.{1.Statesarepoliticalentitiesthathaveaterritory,apopulation,agovernmentcapableofenteringintointernationalrelations,andagovernmentcapableofcontrollingitsterritoryandpeoples.Threekindofstates:independentstates（独立国家）,dependentstates(附属国),inchoatestates.}2.Internationalorganizations:(1)publicorintergovernmentalorganizations(IGOs);(2)privateornongovernmentalorganizations(NGOs)Whatiscorporation？Types?公司？种类？Acorporationisacompanyofcapitalwhoseownershavelimitedliability;investorsareresponsibleonlytotheextentoftheirfinancialinvestment.Incivillawstates:1）shockcorporation股份公司2)limitedliabilitycompanies有限责任公司Incommonlawstates:publiccorporation公众公司,privatecorporation私人公司,andlimitedliabilitycompanies有限责任公司.Homestateregulationofmultinationalenterprises?跨国公司的母国规制Totheextentthatamultinationalenterprisesoperateswithinthedomesticmarketplaceofitshomecountry,thehomecountryregulatesitinthesamewaythatnationalenterprisesareregulated.Theformsofhomestate