新编英语教程6 U2 the fine art of putting things off

新编英语教程6U2thefineartofputtingthingsoff新编英语教程6U2thefineartofputtingthingsoff新编英语教程6U2thefineartofputtingthingsoffxxx公司新编英语教程6U2thefineartofputtingthingsoff文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度TheFineArtofPuttingThingsOffMarch15,2010AboutthetitleThebestskillormethodofdelayingthings.Art(here)—skillormethod拖延(v)拖延(n)拖延者delaydelaydelayer;postponepostponementpostponer;procrastinateprocrastinationprocrastinator;putoffProverbsabouttime:“Procrastinationisthethiefoftime.”拖延就是浪费时间。“Neverputofftomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.”今日事，今日毕。Puttingthingsoffisthewasteoftime.Justdowhatyoushoulddoasquicklyaspossible.ConsolationisthethiefoftimeConstantenjoymentisthewasteoftime.Songoftomorrow

byQianHetanTomorrowupontomorrow,Somanytomorrowshavegone!Ifweonlyeyeontomorrow,Nothingintheworldcanbedone!Peoplearecumberedbytomorrow,Asseasonsalternate,oldtheygrow.Inmornings,weseeriverseastwardflow.Atnightfalls,weseesunsetswestwardglow.Thislife,howmanytomorrowsdoyouknowPleaselistentomy"SongofTomorrow".明日歌明日复明日，

明日何其多。

我生待明日，

万事成蹉跎。

世人若被明日累，

春去秋来老将至。

朝看水东流，

暮看日西坠。

百年明日能几何？

请君听我《明日歌》！ ——清¡¤钱鹤滩(1461—1504)SongoftodayTodayagaintoday,howmuchwillbefortoday.

Doingnothingtoday,whenwillyoudothen?

Howmanytodaysinalife

Whatapitydoingnothingtoday!

Don'twaitfortomorrow,thingsmustbedoneineachday.

Let'ssingthesongoftodayanddomattersfromtoday!

《今日诗》今日复今日，

今日何其少！

今日又不为，

此事何时了！

人生百年几今日，

今日不为真可惜！

若言姑待明朝至，

明朝又有明朝事。

为君聊赋今日诗，

努力请从今日始。 ——明¡¤文嘉《昨日谣》昨日兮昨日，

昨日何其好！

昨日过去了，

今日徒烦恼。

世人但知悔昨日，

不觉今日又过了。

水去汩汩(gugu)流，

花落日日少。

万事立业在今日，

莫待明朝悔今朝！Dictionarywork1.coolone’sheels:beforcedtowait;bekeptwaiting2.attestto:(v.)testifyto;serveasanevidencetoaffirm/tobeproofof证实,证明3.apocalyptic:(adj.)forebodingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom预示灾难或最后毁灭的4.proconsul:(n.)anadministratorinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers地方总督5.ruminate:(v.)gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly反刍,沉思6.nattering:(adj.)chattering;hence,noisyrel.natter:chatter;totalkforalongtime,especiallyaboutunimportantthings唠叨;闲聊7.echelon:(n.)rank,level等级，阶层e.g.ajobinthelowerechelonofthecorporation一份公司底层工作8.fortify:(v.)encourage;support鼓励；支持e.g.Faithfortifiedusduringourcrisis.在关键时刻信念使我们变得坚强。fortifycouldalsomeantostrengthen,toreinforce,etc.9.reappraisal:(n.)re-evaluation10.academe:(n.)theacademiccommunity;academics学术界；学术11.shrink:(slang)(n.)psychoanalystorpsychiatrist心理分析学者或神经科医生12.subliminal:(adj.)existingorfunctioningoutsidetheareaofconsciousawareness潜意识的13.truism:(n.)anundoubtedorself-evidenttruth不言而喻的道理；自明之理14.mellowandmarinate:(v.)tomellowistobecomeripeorfullydeveloped,andthemarinateistosteep(浸)(meat,fish)inasavorysaucetoenrichitsflavor;here,ripenandmature成熟及完善LordChesterfieldLordChesterfield(1694—1773):EnglishStatesman,oratorandauthor;ButChesterfield'sfameasaletter-writermustrestonhisLetterstohisSonandthosetohisGodson.Hisdevotiontothesetwoyoungmenisaveryremarkableindicationofhistruecharacter.From1737(whenhisagewasforty-threeyears)totheyearofhisdeath,itbecamelittlelessthananobsession.HebeganwritinglettersofadvicetohisillegitimatesonPhilipStanhopewhenthechildwasonlyfiveyearsold.Whenhehadreachedtwenty-five,anotherPhilipStanhope(ofMansfieldWoodhouse)wasborn.ThiswasChesterfield'sgodsonandsuccessor,whoseeducationheundertook,andtowhomhebegantowriteeducationalletterswhenhewasfouryearsold.He,doubtless,wasledtoundertaketheselettersbytherecollectionoftheneglecthehadexperiencedfromhisownfather,andhissenseofitsconsequences.WhensittinginjudgmentonChesterfield'sletterstohisson,weshouldnotomittorememberthattheywereneverintendedforanyeyebutthatofthereceiver.Hewrote(21January,1751):

YouandImustnowwritetoeachotherasfriendsandwithouttheleastreserve;therewillforthefuturebeathousandthingsinmyletterswhichIwouldnothaveanymortallivingbutyourselfseeorknow.

TheLettersarewritteninEnglish,LatinandFrench,andcontainalargeamountofvaluableinformationonhistory,geography,andsoforth,putinaneasyandconvenientformforthepupil.PhilipStanhopewascensuredforbadwritingandbadspellingandforinattention.Hisfathertoldhimthatnothingwastoosmallforattentiveconsiderationandthatconcentratedattentionononesubjectatatimewasofparamountimportance:“Thereistimeenoughforeverythinginthecourseofthedayifyoudoonethingatonce,butthereisnottimeenoughintheyearifyouwilldotwothingsatonce（假如你一时只做一件事，那么一天当中就有足够时间做每件事情；但假如你一次做两件事情，一年当中也没有足够时间）."

Honourandmorality,theneedofwhichisstronglyurgedintheLetters,donotincludesexualmorality:thewriterrecommendshissontoseekintimateassociationwithmarriedwomenoffashion,inordertoimprovehismanners,which,bynature,weresomewhatboorish.ThegeneralprinciplesofgoodbreedingcontinuallyurgedintheLettershavebeenstrangelymisunderstood.Theobjectoflifeistobepleased,and,inordertoattainthis,wemustpleaseothers;butitisquiteevidentthatmorethansurfacepleasingishereintended.Bothrespectforthefeelingsofothersandsympathywiththemareenjoined.Theyoungmanistold"nevertobeashamedofdoingwhatisright,"buttousehisownjudgmentinsteadofblindlyfollowingothersinwhatthefashionableworldconsiderstobepleasure.SuchisasampleofChesterfield'swisesaws,manyofwhichhavebecomefamiliarquotations,andwhichshowhisrecollectionofhisownbitterlyrepentedmistakesinearlylife.WhenPhilipStanhopewentoutintotheworldandhisearlyeducationwascompleted,hisfathercontinuedtosendhimlettersofadvice;but,in1768,theyoungmandied,andthefatherlearnedthathehadbeenmarriedandhadtwosons.Chesterfieldreceivedthisunexpectednewswithcomposure,andwrotekindlytothewidow,EugeniaStanhope,sayingthathewouldundertakealltheexpensesconnectedwiththebringingupofherboys.Hedidnotremovethemfromhercare,buttookmuchinterestinthem,andbecameattachedtothem,observingtheirdifferentcharactersandadvisingastothem.

TheseLettersfollowverymuchtheplanoftheirpredecessors.TheyaresometimesinEnglish,andmoreofteninFrench.Theycontainthesameformofinstructionandanecdote,arewrittenwiththesamemixtureofwitandwisdom,andbreathethesameaffectionateinterestofthewriterinthedoingsofhiscorrespondent.Oneofthelettersmaybespeciallymentioned,sinceitinculcatesthespiritoftwocommandments,onwhich,accordingtothehighestauthority,“hangallthelawandtheprophets(是律法和先知一切道理的总纲）."Chesterfieldwrites:“Myobjectistohaveyoufittolife;which,ifyouarenot,Idonotdesirethatyoushouldliveatall.’SowroteLordChesterfieldinoneofthemostcelebratedandcontroversialcorrespondencesbetweenafatherandhisson.Chesterfieldwrotealmostdailytohisnaturalson,Philip,from1737onwards,providinghimwithinstructioninetiquetteandtheworldlyarts（处世艺术）.Praisedintheirdayasacompletemanualofeducation,anddespisedbySamuelJohnsonforteaching‘themoralsofawhoreandthemannersofadancingmaster’,theselettersreflectthepoliticalcraftofaleadingstatesman,andtheurbanewitofamanwhoassociatedwithPope,Addison,andSwift.ThelettersrevealChesterfield’spoliticalcynicismandhisbeliefthathiscountryhad‘alwaysbeengovernedbytheonlytwoorthreepeople,outoftwoorthreemillions,totallyincapableofgoverning’,aswellashisviewsongoodbreeding.Notoriginallyintendedforpublication,thisentertainingcorrespondenceilluminatesfascinatingaspectsofeighteenth-centurylifeandmanners”Imustfromtimetotimeremindyouoftwomuchmoreimportantduties,whichIhopeyouwillneverforgetnorneglect.ImeanyourdutytoGodandyourdutytoMan….YourdutytoManisveryshortandclear,itisonlytodotohimwhateveryouwouldbewillingthatheshoulddotoyou.AndrememberinallbusinessofyourlifetoaskyourconsciencethisquestionShouldIbewillingthatthisshouldbedonetomeIfyourconsciencewhichwillalwaystellyoutruthanswerNo,donotdothatthing.Chesterfieldtookimmensepainstoshowhistwopupilshowtolive;anditevidentlygavehimgreatpleasuretowatchoverthem,andtoexpresstoeachofthemhissatisfactionintheirprogress.Hemust,however,havesuffereddisappointmentwhenhefoundthat,inpointofmanners,neitherofthemdidjusticetohisintentions.Hisson,welearnfromothers,was"loutish,"andFannyBurneysaysofhisgodsonthat"withmuchshareofhumour,andofgoodhumouralso,[he]hasaslittlegoodbreedingasanymanIevermetwith."GuidelinesforReadingFindouthowDemarestdevelophisideasandhowheproducesthecohesiveeffectindealingwithsomanydisparatethings.DecidethetoneofDemarest’swritingandtrytounderstandhishumor.TrytofindfaultwithDemarest,seewhetheranyexamplesgivenbyhimcanbeusedtosubverthisownideas.Thesis:Itcanalsobeexpressedasfollows:Youcanwellputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.Procrastinationisnotaltogetherabadpractice.Sometimesitisrecommendable..Comparedwithconventionalideas:Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.ProcrastinationisthethiefoftimeOrganizationofthetextI.Introduction:Itisevidencedthatpeopledodelay(paras.1-2).A.Historicalfiguresfamousfortheirdelay(para.1).1.__________a.puttingoffmarryinghisson’smotherb.keepingimportantpeoplelikeDr.Johnsonwaitingforhours.2.QuintusFabiusMaximusa.____________b.puttingoffabattle3.________puttingoffdeliveringJehovah’sedicttoPharaoh4.Hamlet:puttingofftakingrevengeB.Twocontrastiveviewsontheworld1.__________a.preparingincometaxesearlyb.____________2.delayersa.havingdinnerlateb.misplacingbillsandpayingincometaxlatec.______________d._______________II.Mainbody:peopleineveryfielddelayandbenefitfromthedelay.(Para.3-7)A.Inliterary—creativityinspiredandrevived(para.3)1.JeanKerr,_________________2.Manyawriter,focusingontriflesbutwritingB.Inmilitary,diplomacyandthelaw–conflictdelayedorresolved(para.4)1.ABritishproconsul,drinkingratherthanshootingwhenfacedwithanuprising2.AUSgeneralinworldwarII,__________________________________3.Lawyers,postponingtowriteawillC.Inbusiness,embarrassmentandcostlypaysavedAbankvicepresident’sexperience—abundantdatatobeexplored(para.5)D.In_______________,hastydecisionsprevented1.Thedesignitself—legalism,compromiseandreappraisal2.themodel–concentrationE.In_______________,theneedreflected1.Spanish–manana2.Arabic–bukrafulmishmishF.In_________,uponfacingablankpage,agoniesavoided1.Asociologist,writing3to5pagesaday2.Manyofhisfriends,resortingtoavarietyofexcusestoavoidfacingablankpageG.Amongmanypeople,especiallywomen1.Allfrightenedpeoplewillthenavoidthemomentoftruthentirely,orevadeorpostponeituntilthelastpossiblemoment.2.Procrastinationmaybeakindof23subliminalwayofsortingtheimportantfromthetrivialIII.Conclusion:Aseitherpurposefulorsubconsciousprocrastinationisjustifiable,weshouldsometimesputofftilltomorrowwhatwecandotoday.(Para.9)A.Passivereasons1.Avoidingproblems2._____________B.Positivereason:moretimefordeliberationandimprovement1.theparliamentaryprocess2.avarietyofcreations–theconstructionofBlenheimPalaceC.Conclusion1.QuotationfromT.H.White2.StatementrefutingLordChesterfieldThestyleandthetone1.Formalstyle:formalwords;longorcomplexsentencesexhortattesttodubungodlyruminateaboutechelonstuddedwith…2.Humoroustone:achievedthroughunusualcombination:marryhisson’smotherchurnout3-5pagesadaycreatingofagreatpaintandcreationofanentree3.Serioustopicjokingsupportingdetails(para.4,5)Paragraph1HowdoesDemarestbeginhisessayIsitaneffectivebeginning

Dr.SamuelJohnsonApoet,critic,lexicographer,andtheauthorofthefamousDictionary,whichhebeganin1747.Heworkedforeightyearswiththeproject.JohnsonoriginallyapproachedLordChesterfieldasapotentialpatron,butChesterfieldgaveJohnsononlyatokensum(10pounds).LaterJohnsonwrote:"ThismanIthoughthadbeenaLordamongwits;butIfind,heisonlyawitamongLords."ApatronwasinhisDictionaryas"onewhocountenances,supportsorprotects.Commonlyawretchwhosupportswithinsolence,andispaidwithflattery."Dr.JohnsoninLordChesterfield'sWaitingRoomHewasequallycelebratedforhisbrilliantandwittyconversation.Hisrathergrossappearanceandmannerswereviewedtolerantly,ifnotwithacertainadmiration.Thesonofabookseller,Johnsonexcelledatschoolinspiteofillnessandpoverty.HeenteredOxfordin1728butwasforcedtoleaveafterayearforlackoffunds.Hesustainedhimselfasabooksellerandschoolmasterforthenextsixyears,duringwhichhecontinuedhiswidereadingandpublishedsometranslations.JohnsonsettledinLondonin1737andbeganhisliterarycareerinearnest.Hispoem“London,”publishedanonymouslyin1738,waspraisedbyPopeandwonJohnsonrecognitioninliterarycircles.Johnson’sfirstworkoflastingimportance,andtheonethatpermanentlyestablishedhisreputationinhisowntime,washisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755),thefirstcomprehensivelexicographicalworkonEnglisheverundertaken.Dr.Johnson,asheisuniversallyknown,wasEngland’sfirstfull-dressmanofletters（学者）,andhismindandpersonalityhelpedtocreatethetraditionsthathaveguidedEnglishtasteandcriticism.QuintusFabiusMaximusARomanpoliticianandsoldier(c.275BC-203BC).HisnicknameCunctatormeans"delayer"inLatin,andreferstohistacticsindeployingthetroopsduringtheSecondPunicWar.Fabiuswaswell-awareofthemilitarysuperiorityoftheCarthaginians,andwhenHannibalinvadedItalyherefusedtomeethiminapitchedbattle.InsteadhekepthistroopsclosetoHannibal,hopingtoexhausthiminalongwarofattrition.FabiuswasabletoharasstheCarthaginians,limitingHannibal'sabilitytowreakdestructionwhileconservinghisownmilitaryforce.TheRomanswereunimpressedwiththisdefensivestrategyandatfirstgaveFabiushisnicknameasaninsult.伟大领袖毛主席的作战方针政策敌进我退敌驻我扰敌疲我打敌退我追MosesHebrewprophetandlawgiverandfounderofIsrael,ortheJewishpeople.ThestoryofhislifeissetforthprincipallyintheOldTestamentbooksofExodus出埃及记andDeuteronomy申命记.Accordingtothisaccount,MoseshadtheexperienceofseeingGod,whocommandedhimtoleadtheHebrewsoutofEgypttothelandCannan.MoseswastogivethismessagetoPharaoh,rulerofancientEgypt.MosessaiduntoJehovah,Oh,Lord,Iamnoteloquent,neitherheretofore,norsincethouhastspokenuntothyservant;forIamslowofspeech,andofaslowtongue.exhort(Line1)=entreat;≈advise：(fml.)tourgeoradvisestronglyIfyouexhortsomeonetodosomething,youtryhardtopersuadethemtodoit.e.g.Thegeneralexhortedhismentofightwell.Weareexhortednottowasteourtimeonthechatroomonline.Iexhortmyfriendnottodrinktoomuch.elegant:havingthequalitiesofgrace,beauty,andfashion文雅的，雅致的；讲究的E.g.:elegantmanners优雅的风度anelegantdress漂亮雅致的女服asetofbookswithelegantbindings一套装帧精美的书籍Thetitleofnobility:(Line2)duke公爵,duchess公爵夫人marquis侯爵,marchioness侯爵夫人earl伯爵,countess伯爵夫人viscount子爵viscountess子爵夫人baron男爵,baroness男爵夫人getaroundtosth./doingsth.(Line2)Ifyougetaroundtosomething,youeventuallydosomethingthatyouwouldhavelikedtoavoiddoingorthatyouwereunabletodobeforebecauseyouweretoobusy.抽出时间(做某事)e.g.Ionlygotaroundtodoingthisafewdaysago.Hefinallygotaroundtosortingoutthosebooksandmagazinesyesterday.worthyworthy:(sometimeshumorous)apersonofimportance知名人士；杰出人物E.g.:localworthies地方名流Hehadbeenacollegeworthy.他曾是学院里大名鼎鼎的人。cool/kickone’sheels:≈wait(Line3)Ifyouarekickingyourheelsorcoolingyourheels,someoneisdeliberatelykeepingyouwaiting,sothatyougetboredorimpatient(aninformalexpression).e.g.Thetwoyoungermenwerecoolingtheirheelsintheouteroffice.“Lethimcoolhisheelsinthemeetingroomforawhile,”saidthedean.anteroom:(alsoantechamber)aroominwhichpeoplewait,asbeforeseeingadoctor(连接正厅的)前厅，候见室attestto:testifyto;serveasanevidencetoaffirm/tobeproofof证明，表明E.g.:Hissuccessatteststohisability.他的成功表明他有能力。ever:(olduseorincombination)always总是，不断地；永远，始终E.g.:Warandsufferinghaveevergonehandinhand.战争和苦难总是结伴而行的。Heisevermakingthesamemistake.他老是犯同样的错误。ever-risingcostsandprices不断上涨的费用和物价Thattheelegantearlnevergotroundtomarryinghisson’smotherandhadabadhabitofkeepingworthieslikeDr.Johnsoncoolingtheirheelsforhoursinananteroomatteststothefactthateventhemostwell-intentionedmenhavebeenpostponersever:这是一个多重复合句，包含了主语从句和同位语从句。thattheelegantearlnever…inananteroom是主语从句，其中用and连接了两个谓语；getaroundto意为“花时间和精力去做”，后接动名词；worthy作名词时意为“知名人士，杰出人物”；词组coolone’sheels意为“久等，空等”。整个句子的谓语是attestto,宾语是thefact,其后的that从句是解释thefact内容的同位语从句。dub:give(someone)anunofficialnameornickname给…起绰号；把…称为；授予…称号E.g.:HewasdubbedShortybecauseofhissize.他因身材短小被人取了个矮子的绰号。Theregionisdubbedtheparadiseonearth.这地方被称为人间天堂。bedubbed:begiventhenameofMosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovah’sedicttoPharaoh.(Line6-7)plead:toappealearnestly;toofferasdefenseorexcuse恳求;为...辩护,借口(SeeNote6,P19formore)e.g.pleadformoretime恳求更多的时间pleadillness以生病作为理由defectdefect:n.deficiencye.g.birthdefect出生缺陷avisualdefect视觉缺陷speechdefect语言缺陷v.aChinesecitizenwhodefectedtoJapan一个叛逃到日本的中国公民defectedfromthepartyovertheissueoffreetrade在自由贸易的问题上背叛了自己的政党rationalizerationalize:tomakerational;attempttoexplainorjustifyone’sactionwithplausiblereasons,eveniftheyarenottrueorappropriate理性化;阐释：从理性角度出发进行解释;自圆其说e.g.Don’trationalizeyourincompetencebyfindingfaultwiththemethod.Paraphrase:MosesjustifiedhisunwillingnesstopassJehovah’sordertoPharaoh,sayingthathewas“slowofspeech”.Or:MosesexplainedhisunwillingnesstopassJehovah’sordertoPharaohasbecauseofhisspeechdeficiency.Summary:TheauthorbeginswiththefamoussayingofChesterfield’sandexamplesoftheprocrastinationofsomehistoricallywell-knownfigures.Thiseffectivelyremindspeoplethatsometimespeopledohaveagoodreasontodelay.Para.2mortgage(Line10)抵押Cf.installment:oneofanumberofsuccessivepaymentsinsettlementofadebt分期付款ungodly(Line10):impious;here,unpleasant,unreasonableleftovers(Line11)Leftoversarethefoodthatremainsuneatenafterameal.e.g.Theleftoverswerethrowntothevillagedogs.Don’tworry.I’llwarmuptheleftoversandtheyareenoughforme.filefor:toformallyapplyfor申请e.g.filefordivorce/bankruptcy申请离婚/破产apocalyptic(Line13)apocalypticmeans(A)(≈catastrophic)relatingtothetotaldestructionofsomething,especiallyoftheworld.;(B)(≈prophetic)relatingtoorinvolvingprophecyaboutfuturedisastersandthedestructionoftheworld.e.g.Peopleoftheworldarefirmlyagainsttheapocalypticnuclearwar.Thereissomethingapocalypticaboutthetoneinhiswritings.Faustianencounters“Faustianencounters”refertoFaust’sencounterswiththedevilMephistopheles.Naturallytheyareundesirable.Similarly,mostpeopleareunwillingtovisitbarbers,doctors,anddentists,sotheauthorsayslike“Faustianencounters”.JeanCollinsKerr1923–2003,Americancomicauthorandplaywright.Kerrhadaknackforfindingwryhumorintheworldsofmarriage,suburbia,andshowbusiness.HernovelPleaseDon'tEattheDaisies(1957)wasmadeintoamovieandatelevisionseries.HerotherbooksincludeTheSnakeHadAlltheLines(1960)andHowIGottoBePerfect(1978).AmongherplaysareMary,Mary(1961),PoorRichard(1964),FinishingTouches(1973),andLunchHour(1980).TheCoastandGeodeticSurveyItbeganservingtheUSAintheearly1800's.Sincethattime,CoastSurveyorsandtheirdescendantshavechartedAmericancoastline;conductedgeodeticsurveysthroughouttheUnitedStates,itsterritories,andmanypartsoftheWorld;surveyedthepioneercoastsofthePacificbeginningin1849andcontinuingthroughtheAlaskasurveysoftoday;surveyedthePhilippineIslandsfollowingtheSpanish-AmericanWar;andconductedoceanographicobservationsthroughouttheoceansoftheEarth.Paragraph3allthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur:Delayleadstoproblems.However,inmanycases,itcanoftenstimulatecreativity.incur:becomesubjectto(somethingunpleasant)asaresultofone’sownaction招致,引起,带来;遭受,受到E.g.:Thecompanyincurredaheavylossduetomismanagement.incursomebody’sdispleasure(envy)招致某人的不悦(妒忌)incuraprotest惹起抗议incurgreatexpense招致巨额花费SingaporeSlingwascreatedatRafflesHotel,Singapore,attheturn-of-the-centurybyHainanese-ChinesebartenderMrNgiamTongBoon.Originally,theSingaporeSlingwasmeantasawoman'sdrink,hencetheattractivepinkcolour.DrinkBoysays:Ihighlyrecommendthiscocktailforanybodylookingforanicecooldrinkonahottropicalday.IsDemarestserioushere?IswhathesaysabouttheprocrastinationinthearmyseriouslymeantPara4proconsul:(inancientRome)agovernorofapartoftheRomanEmpire;(formalorpompous)anadministratorinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers总督ruminate:(formal)gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly反刍；沉思；反复思考E.g.:Heruminatedover/onthesituationbeforehemadethefinaldecision.Sheruminatedforalongtimebeforesheexpressedheropinion.nattering(natterv.):(BrEinformal)chattering;hence,noisyE.g.:Theynatteredawayforanhouraboutnothing.他们空谈了一个小时。orderinsth./ordersth.in=ordersth.(AmericanEnglish)(Line25)e.g.Westayedinlastnight,watchedavideoandorderedinapizza.Here“blessedly”means“fortunately/luckily”:thenatteringTelexwouldhavefacilitatedthesupplyofweaponsanddispatchoftroops,deprivingtheproconsuloftheexcusetodelayaction.theworld’smostaddicted(不可救药地）postponers:theworld’sworstpostponerswhojustcouldnotfreethemselvesfrompostponingThenumberofattorneyswhodiewithoutawillisamazing:Itisausualpracticeforpeopletomakeawill,anofficialstatementofthewaytheywishtheirpropertytobesharedoutaftertheirdeathbeforetheydie.Anditisgenerallytheattorneys(AmE)orlawyerswhoadministerthewills.Butattorneysthemselvespostponemakingtheirownwills.lawyer,attorney,barrister,counsel,solicitor(L28)Thesewordsalldesignatepersonswhohadlegaltraining,andarequalifiedtopracticelaw.Lawyeristhegeneraltermforanyoneversedinthelawanddulyadmittedtopractice.Lawyer是最普通和广泛的术语，用来指授权给委托人提供法律咨询并在法庭上为其辩护的人Attorneyisoftenusedassynonymforlawyerinageneralsense.Initsstrictsenseitdenotesanagent(whoisnotnecessarilyalawyer)empoweredtoactinalegalcapacityforanotherperson.Attorney通常可与lawyer互换，但从更狭的意义上说，它指在商业事务中代表委托人的法律代理Aqualifiedlawyerwhois“calledtotheBar”isknownasabarristerHeiscompetenttoconductcourtcasesand,asaspecialistinoneofthebranchesofthelaw,iscalleduponfortechnicallegalopinionsandadvice.出庭律师Asolicitorsimilarlyqualifiedbutis“admittedasaSolicitor”.Solicitorscanconductcourtcasesbutthemajoritydonotoftendoso.Ingeneral,asolicitoradvisesandassistsclientsintheorderingoftheiraffairs,and,whenrequired,hepreparesthematerialstobeusedbyabarristerinthecourt.事务律师，讼状律师Counselisageneraltermappliedtobarristers.Butcounselmayconsistofonelawyeronlyorofalegalstaffworkingasaunittoadviseaclientortoconductacaseincourt.提供法律咨询并担任出庭律师的人e.g.Lawyersconductlawsuits,adviseclientsoftheirlegalrightsandobligations,andmayactonbehalfoforpleadforthemincourt.WhileshewaslivinginEurope,herbrotherhadpowerofattorneyoverherproperty.Mr.Johnson,awell-knownbarrister,istoconductthecaseinthehighercourtoflawonbehalfoftheprosecution.Iwasadvisedtoputthematterintothehandsofasolicitor.Afterconsultingwithcounsel,thedefendantchangedhisidea.chronic(=habitual)(L32)Youdescribesomeone’sbadhabitsorbehavioraschronicwhentheybehavelikethatforalongtimeanddonotseemtobeabletostopthemselves.e.g.Everyoneknewthathewasachronicover-sleeper.大家都知道他总是睡过头。otherexamples:chronicmoneyproblems(长期的)chronicdisease(慢性的)Paragraph5echelon:(oftenpluralwithsingularmeaning)(inagroupofpeopleororganization)rank,level阶层E.g.:thetopechelonoftheCivilService文职官员中的最高层theleadingechelonsofagovernment政府的领导阶层thehigher(lower)echelons较高（低）职位的全体人员breedthecautionthatbreedsdelay:thegreatcarethatcausesdelay(L33)e.g.Ratsbreedrapidly.（toproduce）MyfriendJanebreedswaterlilies(荷花；睡莲).(tocultivate)Somepeoplebelievethatviolencebreedsviolence.（causetodevelop）Fadsbreedinemptyheadsandfullpurses.流行时尚从空虚的头脑和鼓胀的钱包中产生Paragraph6Watergate(1972)•

Politicalscandal•

PresidentRichardNixon•

TheburglarisingoftheDemocraticPartynationalheadquartersintheWatergateapartmentcomplexinWashington,D.C.•

ThefirstresignationofaU.S.presidentdesignationofamajorUnitedStatespoliticalscandalthatbeganwiththeburglaryandwiretapping窃听oftheDemocraticParty’scampaignheadquarters,laterengulfedPresidentRichardM.Nixonandmanyofhissupportersinavarietyofillegalacts,andculminatedinthefirstresignationofaU.S.president.TheburglarywascommittedonJune17,19