思维导图梳理高中语法(6)：非谓语动词

思维导图梳理高中语法（6）：非谓语动词-ByRobinlo非谓语动词-Ved非谓语动词-Ving=1\*ROMANI.ving的3种形式基本式：doing/beingdone完成式：havingdone/havingbeendone否定式：not+ving基本式doing/beingdone：强调该非谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时发生。完成式havingdone/havingbeendone：强调该非谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前，两者有明显先后关系。=2\*ROMANII.Ving的句法功能：ving在句中做主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语，状语一．Ving做主语1.Ving做主语，强调一般或抽象的重复多次的行动。Seeingisbelieving.2.It做形式主语Itisnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsthVing做宾语1.注意动词短语搭配：imagine/mind/admit/avoid/escape/delay/practice/insist/risk...+doing/beingdone2.注意某些to为介词：devoteto/adaptto/adjustto/thekeyto/theapproachto/getusedto/lookforwardto/stickto/objectto/contributeto...+doing/beingdone3.注意介词（in）（from）的省略：havetrouble/difficulty/hardtimes(in)doingsthspend...(in)doingsthstop/prevent/protect...(from)doing4.注意it做形式宾语：finditnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsth注意need/deserve/require+doing(以主动表被动)=need/deserve/require+tobedoneVing做表语1.ving做表语，表示主语的内容或主语的性质，特征等。HisjobisteachingEnglish/Itisboring=1\*GB3①ving做表语，表示一种习惯性，反复，多次的动作。todo做表语表偶尔一次动作=2\*GB3②由某些表示人的情感的动词变adj时有：ved/vingamazed/amazingVing:说明主语的特征，令...的(修饰物）Ved：说明主语所处的状态，感到...的(修饰人，人的声音，人的表情）四.ving做定语n/pron+ving1.ving做定语，表用途或表性质特征：areadingroom/adevelopingcountry2.形式：前置定语（单个ving）,后置定语（ving短语），分隔式后置定语（，ving）developingcountry/peoplelivingthere/Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesthere.考点：考虑v与前面n/pron关系/考虑vi注意thebridgebeingbuilt/thebridgebuilt/thebridgetobebuilt三种后置定语的区别五.ving做宾补：prep/v+n+vingVing做宾补表示一个正在进行的主动性动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。形式：prep/v+n+vingfind/keep/leave+n+ving/ved/adj感官动词+n+ving/ved/(to)doseesbdoingsth（正在进行）/sbbeseendoingseesbdosth（全过程）/sbbeseentodosthhavesbdoingWith+n+ving/ved/todo/adj/adv/介词短语非谓语动词-todo不定式的4种形式：一般式：(not)todo/(not)tobedone(与谓语动词同时发生，或发生在谓语动词之后）完成式：(not)tohavedone/(not)tohavebeendone（发生在谓语动词之前）进行式：(not)tobedoing（与谓语动词同时发生）Heseemstoknowthis.Shehatedtobelaughedat.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.不定式的句法功能：不定式可在句中做：主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、和状语(分析下列句中不定式做什么成分）Tofinishtheworkintimesisveryhard-It’shardtofinishtheworkintimes.Shewishestobeamusician./Ihavenochoicebuttogiveup./HefoundithardtostudyChinese.Mydesire/hope/purpose/jobistoteachEnglish.Withalotworktodo,hedidn’tgoout./Isawhim(to)crosstheroad.Ihavealotofworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Haveyougotalettertobetyped?Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans./Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.Theywereverysadtohearthenews.Thequestionissimpletoanswer.不定式做主语和表语时：表示一次，偶尔的动作；做宾语时，注意短语搭配不定式在句中做定语①不定式可修饰名词、代词，位于其后做后置定语，多表示将来的动作②the+序数词/adj最高级/only/very+n+todosth/to+vi+prep③theability/ambition/attempt/chance/courage/time/decision/effort/failure/promise/right/way/wish/reason/+todosth④注意：不定式与前面n之间是动宾关系，且与句子主语是主谓关系时，不定式做定语时以主动形式表被动含义。如果与句子主语无主谓关系，不定式作定语时则用被动形式。Ihavealotofworktodo.Doyouhaveclothestobewashed?Theoldladyhasalettertobewritten.不定式在句中做状语①不定式做目的状语todo/inordertodo可位于句首或动词短语之后做目的状语，表“为了”，这时不定式的逻辑主语就是主句主语；soasto做目的状语不能置于句首。Weworkhardtobeadmittedtoakeyuniversity.Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.②不定式做结果状语(only)todo/(only)tobedone做结果状语时，强调该结果是意料之外so/such...astodosth太...以至于做某事too...todosth太...以至于不能做某事...enoughtodosth足够做某事③不定式做原因状语sb+系动词+adj/ved(情绪类：sorry/surprised/excited/glad/anxious/delighted)+todosth+系动词+adj(easy/hard/cheap/comfortable/important/impossible)+todo(以主动形式表被动含义）非谓语动词综合练易错点整理Robinloving的复合结构Tom’s/my+ving做主语Tom’s/Tom/My/me+ving做宾语Mary’s/Hisbeinglatemadethemanagerangry.Weappreciateyour/youcoming.独立主格：n/pron+ving/ved/todo/adj/adv/介短（考虑非谓语动词与前面n关系）独立主格在句中只能做状语，与主句主语无任何逻辑关系Hismotherbeingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Springcoming,thefieldsarefulloflife.Allthingsconsidered,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoMary.注意be+ved考察形式：=1\*GB3①考察ving做主语：Beingexposedtothesunlightforalongtimewilldoharmtotheskin.Beingadmittedtouniversityisthedreamofmanystudents.=2\*GB3②省去be,以ved形式做定语，宾补，或状语（注意某些be+ved表状态，egbeseated...）Exposedtothesunlight,hefeltsohot.Absorbedinpainting,hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.固定结构：Itisnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsthfinditnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsthneed/require/deserve+doing(以主动表被动）/tobedonebeworthdoing(以主动表被动）seesbdoingsth/sbbeseendoingseesb(to)dosth/sbbeseentodosthThereisnodenyingthatescapebeingpunished/punishmenthavenochoicebuttodosth/couldn’tdoanythingbutdoregretdoingsth后悔做过regrettotell/inform/say遗憾告知findsbdoingsth=sthbefounddoingsthmightaswelldosth=hadbetterdosthbefacedwith/facesth(Facedwithsth,=Facingsth)bedevotedto/devoteoneselfto(Devotedtodoingsth,=Devotingoneselftodoing)havingdone用法：强调非谓语动词发生在主句谓语之前，有明显的先后关系。或者在状语部分出现for+时间段/manytimes等Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyforexamination.Havinglivedthereformanyyears,hegotusedtothelifethere.注意v/prep+doing/beingdone(注意介词和动词后加ving时的被动语态）Canyouimaginebeingleftstandingoutsideforawholenight.Ican’tstandbeingtreated.Weshouldpreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.With复合结构with+n+ving/ved/todo/adj/adv/介短（考虑v与前面n关系，注意vi）Withtimepassingby,wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.Withahealthwarningattachedtothedoor,hechangedhisbadhabitsgradually.2种结果状语区别：Ving/,thusdoing做结果状语，强调该结果是意料之内，合乎情理的。（only）todo/tobedone做结果状语，强调该结果是意料之外，不合乎情理的。Hecametothestation,onlytobetoldthebushadleft.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.状语从句连词wh-+__________(v)：直接考虑该非谓语动词与主句主语的关系。Oncelost,suchachancewillnevercomeagain.Whenvisitingthecity,youwillfinditamazing.非谓语动词强化训练（1）一、单句语法填空1.Peterwassoexcitedwhenhereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriend(visit)Chongqing.2.Hegavealameexcusefor(absent)whichmadehimveryembarrassed.3.Whenthemoonhadrisen,welayonthegrass,listeningtothewind(whisper)inthetrees.4.Helenwaskindertoheryoungestson,whichmadetheothers(envy)him.5.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinthemorningbecausethemorningairissogood(breathe).6.Theman________(circulate)thefakenewsthat18firefighterslosttheirlivesintheexplosionwasarrested.7.Thelittleboystaredatthestrangemanquestioningly,not________(know)whethertobelievewhathehadsaid.8.FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChina,________(reduce)thetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritycheck.9.Actorsshouldbegoodobservers,watchingpeople’sbodylanguageandspeakingstyle,________(transmit)andthisintotheirownabilitiestoprogressinacting.10.Wehadbetterputoffinterviewingtheathlete,forheisbusypreparingforaninternationalcontest________(hold)inShanghainextmonth.11.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______(enter)agoodcollege.12.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-yearoldboy,(say)thathewasnottheonetoblame.非谓语动词强化训练（2）1.（2020·全国II卷）Theyrepresenttheearth(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.2.（2020·全国II卷）Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.3.（2020·全国II卷）Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.4.（2020·全国III卷）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(find)thewell-knownpainter.5.（2020·全国III卷）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreduc