新视野大学英语第三版第四册重点段落课文翻译

新视野大学英语第三版第四册重点段落课文翻译新视野大学英语第三版第四册重点段落课文翻译新视野大学英语第三版第四册重点段落课文翻译xxx公司新视野大学英语第三版第四册重点段落课文翻译文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度unit3TextAFredSmithandFedEx:Thevisionthatchangedtheworld弗雷德•史密斯与联邦快递：一个改变了世界的创想1Everynightseveralhundredplanesbearingapurple,white,andorangedesigntouchdownatMemphisAirport,inTennessee.Whatprecedesthislandingarepackagepick-upsfromlocationsallovertheUnitedStatesearlierintheday.Crewsunloadtheplanes'cargoofmorethanhalfamillionparcelsandletters.Therectangularpackagesandenvelopesarerapidlyreshuffledandsortedaccordingtoaddress,thenloadedontootheraircraft,andflowntotheirdestinationstobedispersedbyhand—manywithin24hoursofleavingtheirsenders.ThisistheculminationofadreamofFrederickW.Smith,thefounder,president,chiefexecutiveofficer,andchairmanoftheboardoftheFedExCorp.—knownoriginallyasFederalExpress—thelargestandmostsuccessfulovernightdeliveryserviceintheworld.Conceivedwhenhewasincollegeandnowinits28thyearofoperation,Smith'sexquisitebrainchildhasbecomethestandardfordoor-to-doorpackagedelivery.每天夜晚，在田纳西州的孟菲斯机场，都有几百架带着白、紫、桔色图案的飞机降落。而在每天此前的早些时候，这些飞机都在美国各地收集包裹。工作人员从飞机上卸下的包裹及信件数量超过五十万之巨。长方形的包裹和信封又在这里依据收件地址被迅速整理分拣，然后装载上其他飞机，飞往各自的目的地，在那儿再由人工投递——到这时很多邮件离开寄件人之手还不到24小时。这是弗雷德里克·W.史密斯的终极梦想，他就是联邦快递集团（最初为联邦快递）这一全球最大、最成功的隔夜送达服务企业的创始人、总裁、首席执行官及董事会主席。如今，史密斯这一源于大学时代的妙想已在现实中经营到了第28个年头，并已成为包裹快递入户行业的标杆。2Recognizedasanoutstandingentrepreneurwithanagreeableandwinningpersonality,Smithisheldinhighregardbyhiscompetitorsaswellashisemployeesandstockholders.FredSmithwasjust27whenhefoundedFedEx.Now,somanyyearslater,he'sstillthe"captainoftheship".Heattributesthesuccessofthecompanysimplytoleadership,somethinghededucedfromhisyearsinthemilitary,andfromhisfamily.史密斯被公认为是一位和蔼可亲、性格迷人的杰出企业家。无论是他的竞争者、员工，还是他公司股票的持有人，都对他十分敬重。弗雷德·史密斯创建“联邦快递”时只有27岁。现在多年过去了，他仍然坐在“掌门人”的位置上。他将公司的成功简单地归因于领导力，而这一推论则来自于他的军旅生涯及其家庭的影响。7SmithcompletedtwotoursinVietnam,eventuallyflyingmorethan200missions."Inthemilitary,leadershipmeansgettingagroupofpeopletosubordinatetheirindividualdesiresandambitionsfortheachievementoforganizationalgoals,"Smithsays,fusingtogetherhismilitaryandbusinessexperiences."Andgoodleadershiphasverymeasurableeffectsonacompany'sbottomline."史密斯在越南战场上服役两期，完成了两百多次飞行任务。“在军队中，领导力意味着能使团队中所有成员将个人的期望与抱负置于从属地位，而以实现集体目标为重，”史密斯说道，这其中融合了他军旅生涯和经营管理的经验。“而优秀的领导力对控制一个公司的盈亏底线来说具有相当重要的作用。”12AlthoughSmithavoidsthemediaandthetrappingsofpubliclife,heissaidtobeafriendlyandaccessibleemployer.Hevalueshispeopleandnevertakesthemforgranted.HereportedlyvisitsFedEx'sMemphissiteatnightfromtimetotimeandaddressessortersbyname.Foryearsheextendedanoffertoanycourierwith10yearsofservicetocometoMemphisforan"anniversarybreakfast".ThatembodiesFredSmith'sphilosophy:People,Service,Profit(P-S-P).Smithsays,"TheP-S-Pphilosophyislikeanunbrokencircleorchain.Therearenoclearlydefinablepointsofentryorexit.Eachlinkupholdstheothersandis,inturn,supportedbythem."Inarticulatingthisphilosophyandinpersonallyinvolvinghimselfinitsimplementation,FrederickSmithistheforerunnerofthenewsphereofleadershipthatsuccessinthefuturewilldemand.尽管史密斯回避媒体采访和公众生活的荣耀，但他却被称为是一位友善而平易近人的雇主。他重视自己的雇员，从不认为他们理所应当该为自己工作。有报道称，他会时不时在晚上造访联邦快递位于孟菲斯的基地，并且称名道姓地与包裹分拣人员打招呼。他会主动发邀请给任何一位已在公司服务十年的快递员，请他们到孟菲斯出席“周年庆典早餐”，这已经持续了很多年。而这其中包含了弗雷德·史密斯自己的哲学：人员，服务，利润（P-S-P）。史密斯说，“P-S-P的哲学理念就好像一个不可分割的循环，没有清晰可辨的入口或出口，每一个环节都支持着其他环节，同时也反过来受其他环节支撑。”通过明确表达并亲身践行这一理念，弗雷德里克·史密斯已成为未来成功所必需的新领导领域的开拓者。近年来,随着互联网技术的迅猛发展,互联网经济已成为一个热门话题。以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已成为经济发展的重要引擎。我国政府高度重视发展互联网经济,提出了“互联网+”的概念,以推动互联网与医疗、交通、教育、金融、公共服务等领域的结合。这将为互联网经济的发展提供极大的发展潜力和更广阔的发展空间。随着“互联网+”战略的深入实施,互联网必将与更多传统行业进一步融合,助力打造“中国经济升级版”。

In

recent

years,

with

the

rapid

development

of

Internet

technology,

the

Internet

economy

has

become

a

hot

issue.

As

represented

by

the

promising

E-commerce,

the

Internet

economy

has

become

a

strong

driving

force

for

the

economic

development.

Our

government

attaches

great

importance

to

developing

the

Internet

economy

and

proposes

the

concept

of

"Internet

Plus",

aiming

to

integrate

Internet

with

other

industries,

such

as

health

care,

transportation,

education,

finance,

and

public

service.

This

will

create

great

potential

and

broad

prospects

for

the

development

of

the

Internet

economy.

With

the

implementation

of

the

"Internet

Plus"

strategy,

the

Internet

is

certain

to

be

integrated

with

more

traditional

industries

and

help

build

"the

upgraded

version

of

the

Chinese

econom

y".unit4TextAAchievingsustainableenvironmentalism实现可持续性发展的环保主义2Thereisasimpleway.First,differentiatebetweenenvironmentalluxuriesandenvironmentalnecessities.Luxuriesarethosethingsthatwouldbenicetohaveifcostless.Necessitiesarethosethingswemusthaveregardless.Callthisdistinctionthedefinitiveruleofsaneenvironmentalism,whichstipulatesthatcombatingecologicalchangethatdirectlythreatensthehealthandsafetyofpeopleisanenvironmentalnecessity.Allelseisluxury.有一种简便的方法。首先要区分什么是环境奢侈品，什么是环境必需品。奢侈品是指那些无需人类付出代价就能拥有的给人美好感受的东西。必需品则是指那些无论付出什么代价，都一定要去拥有的东西。这一区分原则可以被称为理性环保主义的至高原则。它规定，对那些直接威胁人类健康与安全的生态变化采取应对措施是环境保护的必需品，而其他则都属于奢侈品。9Ilikethecaribouasmuchasthenextperson.AndIwouldberathersorryiftheirmatingpatternsweredisturbed.Butyoucan'thaveyourcakeandeatittoo.Andinthestandoffofthewelfareofcaribouversusreducinganoilreliancethatgetspeoplekilledinwars,Ichoosepeopleovercariboueverytime.我像别人一样喜欢驯鹿。如果他们的交配模式受到干扰，我会感到非常遗憾。但是，鱼和熊掌不能兼得。是要保护驯鹿，还是要为了避免人们在战争中丧生而减少对石油的依赖，面对这一僵局，我每次都会选择人类而不是驯鹿。10IfeelsimilarlyaboutthespottedowlinOregon.Iamnoenemyoftheowl.Ifitcouldbepreservedatanegligiblecost,Iwouldagreethatitshouldbe—biodiversityisafterallnecessarytotheecosystem.Butwemustrememberthatnoteveryspeciesisneededtokeepthatdiversity.Sometimesaestheticaspectsoflifehavetobesacrificedtomorefundamentalones.Ifthecostofpreservingthespottedowlisthelossoflivelihoodfor30,000loggingfamilies,Ichoosethefamilies(withtheirsawsandchoppedtimber)overtheowl.我对俄勒冈州的斑点猫头鹰的态度也是一样。我绝不是仇视猫头鹰。如果花很少的代价就可以保护猫头鹰，我会赞同它应受保护——毕竟，生物多样性对生态系统是非常必要的。但是，我们必须记住，保持生物多样性并不意味着要留住每一种物种。有时候，为了更加根本的利益，我们不得不牺牲一部分生活中美的东西。如果为了保护斑点猫头鹰而让三万伐木工家庭失去生计，我会选择伐木工家庭（包括他们的锯子和砍伐的木材），而不是猫头鹰。11Theimportantdistinctionisbetweenthoseenvironmentalgoodsthatarefundamentalandthosethatarenot.Natureisourward,notourmaster.Itistoberespectedandevencultivated.Butwhenhumanshavetochoosebetweentheirownwell-beingandthatofnature,naturewillhavetoaccommodate.重要的是，我们要区分哪些东西对环境保护是根本性的，哪些是非根本性的。自然受我们的监护，而不是我们的主人。我们应该尊重自然，也可以开发利用自然。但是，如果人类必须在自身的福利和自然的福利之间作出选择，自然则必须作出让步。苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表,大部分为私家所有。苏州园林始于春秋,兴于宋元,盛于明清。清末苏州已有各色园林170余处,为其赢得了“园林之城”的称号。现保存完好的园林有60多处,对外开放的有十余处。其中沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格,被称为“苏州四大名园”。苏州园林宅园合一,可赏,可游,可居,其建筑规制反应力中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪习俗。苏州园林不仅是历史文化的产物,同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。1997年,苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”Suzhou

gardens

are

the

most

outstandingrepresentatives

of

classical

Chinese

gardens.Most

of

them

were

privately-owned.

The

gardensfirst

appeared

in

the

Spring

and

Autumn

Period,developed

in

the

Song

and

Yuan

dynasties,

andflourished

in

the

Ming

and

Qing

dynasties.

Bythe

late

Qing

Dynasty,

Suzhou

had

got

as

manyas

over

170

gardens

of

diverse

styles,

Winning

itthe

name

“The

City

of

Gardens”.

Now,

over

60gardens

are

kept

in

good

condition,

of

which

morethan

10

are

Open

to

the

public.

The

Surging

WavePavilion,

the

Lion

Grove

Garden,

the

HumbleAdministrator’s

Garden

and

the

Lingerin

g

Gardenare

called

the

four

most

famous

gardens

in

Suzhourepresenting

the

artistic

styles

of

the

Song,

Yuan,Ming

and

Qing

dynasties

respectively.Suzhougardens

are

assemblies

of

residences

and

gardens,which

makes

them

suitable

places

for

living,

visitingand

appreciating.

The

architectural

principles

of

lthe

gardens

are

a

demonstration

of

the

lifestylesand

social

customs

of

the

ancient

Chinese

peoplein

the

south

of

the

Lower

Yangtze

River.

Suzhougardens

are

not

onlya

product

of

Chinese

historyand

culture,

but

also

a

carrier

of

traditional

Chinese

ideology

and

culture.In

1997,Suzhou

gardens

were

inscribed

on

the

World

Heritage

List

by

UNESCO.unit5TextASpeakingChineseinAmerica在美国说中文12Asanychildofimmigrantparentsknows,thereisaspecialkindofdoublebindattachedtoknowingtwolanguages.Myparents,forexample,spoketomeinbothChineseandEnglish;IspokebacktotheminEnglish.生于移民家庭的孩子都清楚，有一种特殊的两难境地与说两种语言的生活联系在一起。比如我父母，他们和我说话时中文和英文都用，但我和他们说话时只用英文。20HavinglistenedtobothChineseandEnglish,I'msuspiciousofcomparisonsbetweenthetwolanguages,asInoticethereciprocalchallengestheyeachpresent.EnglishspeakerssayChineseisextremelydifficultbecausedifferentwordscanbedenotedbyverysubtlevariationsintone.Englishisoftenbracketedwiththelabelofinconsistency,alanguageoftoomanybrokenrules.由于一直同时听着中英文两种语言，故而我对它们之间的任何对比总是心存怀疑，因为我注意到它们各自都有对方所没有的难点。说英文的人会认为中文极其难，因为中文用非常微妙的声调变化就可以表示不同的词语。而英文则常常被认为缺乏一致性，因为英文具有太多不合规则的用法。22IworrythatthedominantsocietymayseeChinesepeoplefromalimitedperspective,hedgingusinwiththestereotype.IworrythattheseeminglyinnocentstereotypemayleadtoactualintoleranceandbepartofthereasonwhytherearefewChineseintopmanagementpositions,orinthemainjudiciaryorpoliticalsectors.Iworryaboutthepoweroflanguage:Ifonesaysanythingenoughtimes,itmightbecometrue,withorwithoutmaliciousintent.我担心主流社会可能会从一个狭隘的角度、以一种成见看待中国人。我担心这种看似无害的成见实际会导致人们对中国人难以容忍，并成为中国人在高层管理职位或主要的司法及政府部门寥寥无几的部分原因。我担心语言的力量，即如果一个人将一件事说了很多遍，无论其是否有恶意，这件事都会变成事实。中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重大影响。近年来,随着我国经济的发展和国际地位的提升,历史悠久的中国文化正引起世界新的关注。越来越多的中国元素为当今世界时尚、文学、影视作品等提供了创作灵感,成为热门题材。这一现象表明,世界需要中国文化。在这种背景下,我国决定实施文化“走出去”大力推动了我国文化产业的发展,正成为提升我国国家形象和综合实力的有效途径。Chinese

civilization

once

had

a

significant

influenceon

world

civilization.

With

the

development

of

ourcountry’s

e

conomy

and

the

rise

of

her

internationalstatus

in

recent

years,

Chinese

culture,

which

hasa

long

history,

is

once

again

attracting

globalattention.

More

and

more

Chinese

cultural

elementsprovide

inspiration

for

and

become

popular

subjectsof

fashions,

literature

and

movies

around

the

world.This

shows

that

the

world

needs

Chinese

culture.

Itwas

in

this

context

that

China

decided

to

implementthe

“Culture

Exporting”

strategy

so

as

to

enhanceher

cultural

exchanges

with

the

rest

of

the

world.After

several

years’

efforts,

great

achievements

havebeen

made

in

this

respect.

“Culture

Exporting”

hasgreatly

promoted

the

development

of

our

culturalindustries.

It

is

becoming

an

effective

approachthrough

which

China

enhances

her

nationalimageand

comprehensive

strength.

unit8TextAAmeaningfullife有意义的人生3IleftNewYorksoonafterthat,butonedaygotacallfromHenry.Hetalkedwithmeabouthiswork.Iknewthatforoveracentury,theanimalrightsmovementhadbeenputtingoutgraphicbrochures,leaflets,andaudiopropaganda,alertingpeopletothedreadfulexperimentsonanimals.Butinallthattime,thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshadrisenfromasmallbatchofafewhundredtomorethan30million.Noactivisthadmanagedtostopasingleexperimentorimprovethelivesofanimalslivingintiny,constrictedenclosures.Henrychangedthat.Oneofhisearliestcampaignspermanentlycloseddownalaboratoryconductingexperimentswithtoxicvaporonabout60rabbits.在那之后，我很快就离开了纽约。但是有一天，我接到了亨利的电话。他和我聊起了他的工作。我知道，一个多世纪以来，动物权益运动的倡导者一直通过散发带图画的手册、传单以及音频宣传材料，来引起公众对那些可怕的动物实验的关注。但与此同时，用于实验的动物数量从原来区区几百骤增到三千多万。没有哪位活动家曾成功阻止过一项实验或改善了蜗居在狭小困笼中的动物的生活。亨利却改变了这一切。他早期的运动之一就是使一间用毒蒸汽在大约60只兔子身上做实验的实验室被永久关闭。6Weoftenassumethatsocietyhasbecometoobigandtoobureaucraticforindividualstomakeadifference.Howcouldoneindividual,howeverhumaneandpassionate,possiblybringaboutchangeinthefaceofpowerfulglobalcorporations,ministerialindifferenceandcomplicatedparliamentaryrules?我们经常认为社会已经变得太大、太官僚，从而个体不可能改变它。在面对强大的跨国公司、冷漠的执政部门和众多复杂的议会规则时，单单一个人，不管他多么具有人道主义，多么富有激情，又如何能促成改变呢？13Oneessentialmarkoflivingwellistobesatisfiedwithone'saccomplishmentswhentakingaretrospectivelookatlife,andtobeabletoacceptdeathandfaceinfinitycalmly.Henry'slifeseemedtolackmanyofthethingsthatmostofustakeforgrantedasessentialtoagoodlife.Henevermarried,orhadalong-term,live-inrelationship.Hehadnochildrenorsuccessors.Heneverwenttoconcerts,tothetheater,ortofinerestaurants.Hedidn'tbringantibioticstotheneedyorvaccinatethepoor.Hewasnevercalledaherolikethecapedcrusadersofourcomicbooks.Thereisnofancystoneforhimatthecemeteryafterhisdeath.Hejustcaredfortheweakestcreaturesinhissoc