医学科研伦理-(上)课件

ScientificIntegrity

科学研究的诚信刘永坚教授，博导南医大生理系讲座内容自我介绍科学研究科学家的训练科学诚信国外院校的研究生培养国外院校的科研的实验室人员基本要求国内科研的几个误区What’sgoingonbehindthisproposal?WhatIsScienceScienceisaprocessweusetogainnewknowledgeabouttheworldaroundus.科学是获取有关我们生活的世界的新知识的过程科学家

DoctorofPhilosophy,Ph.D.哲学博士必须是带着求知的欲望，永不放弃的意志及对世俗的淡定。科学是追求真理的，应该是远离政治，经济影响的人间的净土，俗称象牙塔。科学对世界有绝对的指导，导航的作用。科学家应该有责任感，使命感。医学研究的基本分类

临床与基础研究

技术性较强和理论性较强的研究

调查性与机制性临床与基础研究临床医学研究：临床问题，疾病，对其机制，治疗的研究；基础研究：对生命过程在不同水平的现象的描述，机制的探讨；疯牛病及诺贝尔奖：StanleyPruisner-UCSF调查性与机制性调查性是描述性，对象往往是人群或自然界提供的标本，机制性是根据需要找到合适的模型，方法；前者需机制性的研究来证实，机制性常常需调查研究提供线索；巴金森氏病；巴金森氏病基因及机制研究；Criticalthinking(criticallyreviewliteratures,reportsandothercommunicatedmaterials);Definequestions(beabletodefinenovel,feasibleandsignificantquestionforstudyingasshorttermprogramorlongtermgoalofone’sscientificcareer);Designexperiments,performexperiments,AnalyzedataandTroubleshooting;Communication(writingandoralpresentation);Teachingandsupervisingstudents,researchassociatesandstaff;Fundraising(grantsmanship,beabletogetgrant,fellowshipandotherfinancialsupportforpursuingyourscientificgoal);SixmostimportantabilitiesforasuccessfulscientistinthebiomedicalfieldDefinitionsofmisconductResearchmisconductisdefinedasfabrication,falsification,orplagiarisminproposing,performing,orreviewingresearch,orinreportingresearchresults,accordingto42CFRPart93. IMPORTANT:ResearchmisconductdoesNOTincludehonesterrorordifferencesofopinion

TheOfficeofResearchIntegrityFabrication:

Definition:MakingupdataorresultsandrecordingorreportingthemAnpossibleexampleoffabrication:Inordertomeetrecruitmentpressureandexpectations,astudycoordinatorcompletedtrialenrollmentformsusingfakednamesandparticipants'information.VermontinvestigatorEricPoehlmanmadeuppatients'datathatneverexistedtosupporthisscientificclaims.ReadaboutPoehlman'scaseintheNewYorkTimesReadJune2012article"Parkinson'sResearcherFabricatedData"inTheScientist EricT.PoehlmancaseGranteeMisconduct:Dr.EricT.Poehlman

Dr.EricT.Poehlman,aformertenuredresearchprofessorattheUniversityofVermont(UVM)CollegeofMedicineinBurlington,Vermont,hasagreedtoacomprehensivecriminal,civil,andadministrativesettlementrelatedtohisscientificmisconductinfalsifyingandfabricatingresearchdatainnumerousfederalgrantapplicationsandinacademicarticlesfrom1992to2002.AnumberoftheseapplicationsweresupportedbyNIHandNIHwascitedasthesponsorwithinmanyoftheresultingpublications. TheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)fundsmeritoriousbiomedicalresearchwiththefullexpectationthatitsfundedresearcherswillmeetthehigheststandardsofresearchintegrity.NIHconsidersthescientificmisconductadmittedbyDr.PoehlmandeplorableandanaffronttotheAmericanpeopleandthevastcommunityofscientistswhoconducttheirresearchinanhonorableandethicalmanner. Dr.Poehlmanhasagreedtoretractorcorrect10scientificarticleswhichheauthored,publishedfrom1992-2002,becauseoffalsifiedorfabricateddata.Theretractionsandcorrectionsareanecessaryandappropriatewaytoinformthescientificcommunityofinformationthatmayinfluencetheirresearch.Manyofthesearticlesappearedinprominent,peer-reviewedmedicaljournalsandhavebeencitedinsubsequentresearchandgrantapplicationsbyDr.Poehlmanandothers.Theworkspannedareasofscienceincludingmetabolismandaging,energyexpendituresduringthemenopausaltransition,andenergybalanceandbodyfatdistribution.Currently,therearenofundedgrantssupportingtheworkofDr.Poehlmanand,underthetermsoftheagreement,hewillnotbeeligibleforfutureNIHfunding.NIH资助有价值的生物医学研究并期望其资助的研究者遵循科学诚信的最高标准，NIH认为Poehlman博士在科研上的不端行为羞辱了全体美国公民及遵守诚信的广大科研领域的科学家，应受谴责。在联邦的基金申请书中加有造假材料是犯罪，2005年,EricPoehlman因造假被判处

一年牢狱。Falsification:

Definition:Manipulatingresearchmaterials,equipment,orprocesses,orchangingoromittingdataorresultssuchthattheresearchisnotaccuratelyrepresentedintheresearchrecord.Investigatorsmightfalsifyresultsby'splicingandpasting'togetherdifferentsegmentsofwesternblotimagessothatthefinalimagepresentedappearedtohavecomefromasingle