2021年广东中考英语短文填空技巧分类训练学案(一)

2021年广东中考英语短文填空技巧分类训练学案（一）短文填空技巧依据上下文语境填词Columbusandhismentookgold,spices,andotherriches.Latervisitorswerecruellyunkindtothelocalpeople,even9.causingtheirdestruction（毁灭）.Manyyearsago,therewerefewtreesinthatareaandthewindsusedtobeverystrong.Itwas5.___harmfultothefields.Also,therewaslittlerain,so6.plantscouldgrowandmanypeoplewenthungry.An11-year-oldschoolboyGabrielMuniz,whowas1.bornwithoutfeet,willflyfromhishomeinBraziltotake2.__partintheSpanishclub'ssummertrainingcamp.Althoughheis3.__disabled,Munizisoneofthetopplayersattheschoolandcaptainofhisgymclass.Thereismuchtraffic.Howbusythestreetis!Look!Afewchildrenare5.fromonesideofthestreettothe6.side.The3.___resultsofthesurveyshowthatnoteverybodywantstohavemanyholidays.WecanuseWeChattosendand5.receive/gethongbaoonthemobilephone.Hewas2.regarded/considered/treatedasanationalherobythepeopleinhiscountry.Beforelong,twopolicemencameand10.___caught/arrestedthethief.Maria,directoroftheschool,saidChinesewillbecomeaglobal（全球的）4.languageinthefutureandtheysetupthecoursebecausemanystudentshadaskedforit.Theprojectwhichbeganin2007issupposedto9.___costatotalof8,000,000,000dollars.动词短语、固定搭配、比较等级解题标志词than、ofall等Nexttimeyousmellacakemaking,stopforamomentandpay10.toyourmood.2.Ismiledandheldhishand.“Takeit6.___easy,Roy.Nowlet'sdosomethingtomakeitlooknice,”Hedoesn'tliketousehisheadandplaysall2.___thetimewhenhe'sfree.“Ithinkthemoonismoreuseful___thanthesun,”saidJames.Heexplainedthathisdietwas10.sostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfsometimes.3、句子结构分析1）句子结构成分完整f修饰词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、adj.&adv.）常考高频词汇形容词类：状态类，如:good\badfull,hungry,important,comfortable,relaxed，successful等情感情绪类，如：interested,worried,happy,angry，nervous/worried等人物性格类，如:honest,lazy,polite等畐ij词：however，finally,also，later，ago，instead等Theyaskedhimhowhewasabletocatch10.abigfish.TheChinesecoursehasbeentaughtatthisItalianschoolfor5years,and145of3.910studentshavechosentostudyChinese.Becauseyouhavebeendishonest,youwill9.__never/notbemyPrimeMinisteranymore.Whentheyfinishedthemeal,Mr.Smithcould5.___hardly/notwalk.Whenshecametohighschool,thetextbookswerethicker,andthewordswere69.longer.much3.Asweknow,Chineseisoneofthemostbeautifullanguagesallovertheworld,thewordsofwhicharealsomorebeautifulthananyotherlanguage's.2）不定代词t隐含数量关系或固定搭配复合不定代词something、anything、nothing、everything等，形容词后置Therearetreesandflowerson2.___eachsideoftheroad.Therearesomebuildingson2.___bothsidesofthestreet.Wedidn'thavee-mails,3.either.Thegatewasn'twideenoughtolettwomeninandoutatthesametime.But5.___neitherofthemwouldgivewaytotheother.5.Idon'tknowwhetherwe'llmeeteach10.___otheragain,buthissweetsmilewillstaythereinmymemoryanddeepinmyheart.NowpeopleallovertheworldenjoyhisMickeyMouseand3.othercartooncharacters.7.Onthatday,everybodyinthehouseknew9.___somethingspecialhappened.8.Somepeoplearedrivingcars,4.___somepeopleareontheirmotorbikes,andothersareridingbikes.3）句子成分不完整t填入主语或宾语，表语1、缺主语或宾语、表语Technology9.___makelifeeasierandsweeter,butitalsobringsusbitter（痛苦的）lessons.10.ItisnecessaryforusHetaught1.fiveforeignlanguages.WhenIasked9.___himwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.4）句子成分不完整T填入谓语1.OncearichwomaninvitedMartinBrown,afamoussinger,toherhouse.Shewantedhimtosingforherfriends.Butshedidn't___invite/askhimtohavesupperwiththem.Shetoldhimtoeatdownstairswiththeservants（仆人）.“Itisn'teasyto74.___beassmartaseveryonethinksyouare,isit?”4）两个谓语间缺连接词缺并列连词Johnwastheonewhobeatallthedifficulties,10.__andhewasthefirstpersontoreceiveanhonorarydegree（荣誉学位）fromGallaudet（加劳德特大学）andbecameasuccessfulman.缺状语从句连接词when/while/as；assoonasbefore/afteruntil/till；sinceif；unlessbecause主句+sothat/inorderthat+从句so+adj./adv+that；suchnthatthough/although；evenif/though注：从句+逗号+主句=主句+从句werememberthefollowinginformation,ourlifewillbemuchsafer.IfThatevening,shewenttoabirthdaypartywhichlasted1.__until/tilltwoo'clockinthemorning.Hecan'tdoanything1.because/as/forhedidn'tstudyhardwhenhewasatschool.定语从句缺主语或宾语TherewereonlyafewschoolsinItaly5.___which/thatprovidedChinesecourses宾语从句缺主语或宾语1、不缺句子成分主语+及物动词+that只做连词，无意义+whether/if从句做连词表是否2、缺主语或宾语主语+连接代词（what、who、whom、which）+从句Scienceandtechnologyisdevelopingquicklythesedaysandit'shardtoimagine10.whatwillhappeninthefuture.Peoplesometimessay,“Youdon'tneedtotellme10todo.I'veknownitalready!”ThenthesitedecideswhetherCastlehaseatenhealthilyanddoneenoughexerciseornot.4、高频介词的基本含义考查with：1）带有、带着；2）和；3）随着4）用without：没有between：在两者之间/a—、土p—tamong：在三者之间for：1）持续一段时间2）为了3）因为4）对于about：关于from：来自to：去、往、到、向of：...的as：作为like：像by：1）被2）通过3）在之前except:除了…之夕卜besides：此外还有beside:在....对面across：（在表面）穿过through:（在内部）通过in：1）一段时间：世纪、年、月、季节；2）大地点3）在...里面on：1）具体一天2）在...上面at：1）具体时间点2）小地点beforeaftersince*during在…期间、off离开，脱离、towards朝着，against靠着；反对•Suddenly,thewavescameheavilyoverthekidandpulledthekidfarinthedeepersea5.withgreatstrength.InaminuteMr.Smithcameback8.withaboxfullofChristmascards.Theeclipse（月全食）waseasiertoseeinthewestoftheUnitedStatesandCanadabeforethemoonroseearly6.__onWednesdaymorning.Thedoctorcutthecast（石膏）6.__withalargesaw（锯）andtookthearmoutofthecast.4.Sohehadtogobackhome10.___withoutbuyinganything.Thisnewformofhongbaoisbecomingmoreandmorepopular6.___amongtheWeChatusers.Firsthestudieshislessons,andhereadChineseandEnglish6.foranhour.Thereisalsosomething8.thesmellofhomecooking.aboutIthasbecomethefirstschoolinthecountrytolistChinese1.___asagraduationexamsubject.What'smore,whileplaying,itencouragesplayerstotrytheirbestwithwords8.__like“Goodjob!”,“Comeon!”andsoon.Ho/tohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcel（包裹）underhisdesk.Manypeoplegiveparties5.___attheirhomesorattendfunctionsathotelsorrestaurants.（节选1）Thehumanbodycanlive2.___withoutfoodforalongtime,buttwoorthreedayswithoutwaterusuallyleadstodeath.Manypeopledonotunderstandhow3.___muchwaterthehumanbodyneedsatworkandmanypeopledonotdrink4.___enoughespeciallyincoldweather.Mostpeopledrinkenoughonlyin5.___hotweather.Mostpeopledrinkwhentheyare6.___thirsty,butweoftenneedmorewater,especially7.__afterdoingexercise.（节选2）lO.OnWednesday,January31,2018,muchoftheworldgottoseenotonlyabluemoonanda“supermoon”,butalsoatotallunareclipse（月全食）.Havingallthreeeventstakingplaceatthesametimeisreally1.__unusual.Astronomers（天文学家）saythishasnothappened2.__since1982.Anditwon'thappenagain3.__until2037.Ilookedather,amazingathowshewasencouragingme.“Whyareyouplayingthepianohere?”Iaskedher8.___withasmile.She9.explainedthatshesawalotofunhappypeoplearoundandshetriedtocheer10.___themupbymusic.综合运用（一）Oneday,twofishermenwerefishinginapond.66.ofthemwerelookingforwardtogettingabigcatch.The67.fishermancaughtabigandbeautifulfishwithinafewminutes.Hewasveryhappy.Heput68.fishinhisicebox.Hewoulditintheafternoon.Soon,thesecondfishermanalsocaughtalargefish.Surprisingly,he70.itbackintothepond.Later,hecaughtmanymorebigfish,onlytothrowthembackintothewateragain.Thefirstfishermanwas.“Whyareyouthrowingthefishbackintothewater?Theywerebeautifulandbig!”Thesecondfishermananswered,“Iknowthat,butmypanisnotbigtocookbigfish.SoI'mlookingfora73.fishthanthosetofitmycookingpan.”Thefirstfishermanlaughedandhetoldthesecondfishermanthathecouldjust74.thefishintopiecestofitthemintothesmallpan.Manyofusarejust75.thesecondfisherman.Wedon'tthinkcarefullyandthissometimescausesustoloseopportunities（机会）.答案详解Bothbothof...固定搭配,意为:两者都。指代前文twofishermen。句子第一个单词首字母大写,故填Both。first此处与下文thesecondfisherman对应,故填first。the此处特指前文提及的fish，故填the。cook此处词汇复现,与下文的tocookbigfish相对应,故填cook。threw此处词汇复现,与下文的throwingthefishback相对应,故事发生在过去,故用一般过去时,故填threw。surprised此处词汇复现,与前文的Surprisingly相对应,故填surprised。enough联系下文可知,第二个渔民的锅比较小,不够大,煮不了大的鱼。故填enough。smaller联系上下文可知,第二个渔民在寻找更小的鱼,可以在小锅里煮。后文than可知填比较级,故填opieces固定搭配，意为:把某物切成小块。故填cut。75.like句意:我们的许多人就像第二个渔民一样。根据句意以及联系下文,故填like。（二）Passage5短文填空。（主题:公益旅行）Voluntourism（公益旅行）isanewformoftravelwheretouristsvacationshelpinglocalcommunitiesinneed.Manypeoplefindittodovolunteerworkduringtheirtravel.Thehostwillwelcomeyouintotheirhomeandhelpyoubecomepartofthecommunity.Theymaysharetheirdailylivesandcustoms44.you.Forexample,somehostfamilies45.askyoutogoforapicnicorgotothechurch.Somevolunteersprovideenvironmentalhelplikehelpingsaveanimalsorplantingtrees.Othersoffermedicalcareinhospitalstoupsickkids.Voluntourismbecomes48..Nowmanytravelorganizations,mostofwhicharefor-profitcompanies,offeralotofchoicesofvolunteervacations.Forexample,youmightworkinanorphanage（孤儿院）fortwodaysandthengoonasafari（徒步旅行）fortherestofthetrip.OrspendafewweeksbackpackingthroughSoutheastAsiacompletingdifferentjobs