广东自考英语语言学真题版

2021年1月广东省高等教育自学测试英语语言学问卷课程代码06422)I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.The3branchesofphoneticsarelabeledarticulatoryphonetics,auditoryphonetics,andaphonetics.When2differentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,theyaresaidtobeinampair.Rmotivationreferstothefactthatlearnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurposes.LaterNoamChomskyprefersthisinnateendowmentasUG,i.e.UGrammar.In"NP—Deg)A(pp)",thedotsintheruleindicatethatothercoptionsareavailable.Thearticulatoryapparatusofhumanbeingarecontainedin3importantareas:thepcavity,theoralcavity,andthenasalcavity.Lreferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.Hreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.Thedescriptionofalanguageatagivenpointintimeisasstudy.Thestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunicationiscalledp.Thestructurecorrespondingtothefinalsyntacticoutputofthesentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformationsiscalledsstructure.Thetermd,firstusedbyFergusonin1959,referstoasociolinguisticsituationsimilartobilingualism.Learners'independentsystemofthesecondlanguagewhichisofneitherthesecondlanguageisknownasi.Thesound[p]inpitispronouncedwithastrongpuffofair,whichissaidtobea.Cmodelstatesthatinwordcomprehensionwordsareanalyzedbyhearersfrombeginningtoend.Sisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticformandisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.MajorlexicalcategoriesareNoun,Verb,Adjective,andP.Sisthesub-fieldoflinguisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlinguisticandsocietybetweentheusesoflanguageandsocialstructures.Pisconcernedwiththeprogressoflanguagecomprehensionandproduction.Linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesing.II.Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems._referstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.A.SyntaxB.EtymologyC.LexicologyD.Morphologyaimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.A.PhoneticsB.PhonemicsC.PhonologyD.PhonotacticsLanguagereferstoanaturalabilityforlearningasecondlanguage.A.aptitudeB.competenceC.performanceD.attitudeisapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.A.IdiolectB.PidginC.SociolectD.CreoleA(n)isawordformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords,e.g.smog.A.back-formationB.blendC.abbreviationD.clippingThetraditionalandtheonlywaytostudythebraininthepastwasthroughstudies.A.experimentalB.surgicalC.autopsyD.observationalreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.Differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.A.PolysemyB.SynonymC.HomophoneD.HomonymyThearrowinthephrasestructurerule"S一NPVP"isreadas.A.isequaltoB.generatesC.hasD.consistsof29.ofneighbouringsoundis,forthemostpart,causedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprogress.A.AssimilationB.FormalizationC.DerivationD.Patterning30.Thedrivethatpeoplelearnaforeignlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetcultureiscalledmotivation.A.instrumentalB.resultativeC.integrativeD.intrinsic31Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesprmorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa(n)__.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeformfalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzedthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobeA.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronic.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby__in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.KHalliday.Ofthefollowingsoundcombination,onlyispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A.mibleB.bmilC.imlbD.ilbmWhichofthefollowingEnglishwordsisformedbyclipping?A.smogB.UNESCOC.baby-sitD.discoOfthefollowingwords,belongstotheopenclassword.A.emaiB.butC.theD.theyThesenserelationforthepairofwords"doctorandpatient"is__A.synonymyB.hyponymyC.antonymyD.homonymyInlearningaforeignlanguage,instancesofmothertongueinterferencecanbefoundactthelevelof.A.pronunciationB.vocabularyC.syntaxD.alloftheaboveAccordingtoF.deSaussure,referstothesystemoflanguage.A.langueB.paroleC.competenceD.performance40.Theutterance"We'realreadyworking25hoursaday,8daysaweek"obviouslyviolatesthemaximofA.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.mannerIII.Trueoffalsejudgement(20%)Judgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTinyecorrespondingbracketforatruestatementandFforafalseone..Damagetopartsofthebraininfrontofthecentralsulcuswillcausefluentaphasia..D-structureisformedbytheXPruleinaccordancewiththehead'ssupercanonizationproperties..An川ocutionactistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.Itistheconsequenceoftheutterance..TheLADwasdescribedasanimaginary"blackbox"whichissaidtocontainrulesthatarespecificonlytohumanlanguages.ponentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuresemanticstoanalyzelexicalwordmeaning..Gardenpathsentenceisanawkwardsentencethatmisleadsthespeakersandtakesthemdownthegardenpathtoawrongdirection..Acronymsarewordsderivesfromtheinitialsandendingofseveralwords..Diglossiareferstothedialecthavingtodowithseparationbroughtaboutbydifferentsocialconditions.ndailylifepeopleoftenseethesituationinwhichadultspeakdifferentlywhentalkingtolittlechildren,theyuseaspecialspeechcalledmotherese.50.PhonologyisthestudyofhowspeechsoundsareproducedbyhumanspeechorgansIV.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)51.broadtranscriptionvsnarrowtranscription52.selectionrestriction53.speechacttheory.CriticalPeriodHypothesis.Drawatreediagramforthesurfacestructureof"Amanwillfindthedog"V.Writeapassageof120-150wordsonthefollowingtopic.(15%)56.Whatarethemajorviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning?局部参考答案：1.acoustic2.minimal3.Resultative4.Uplement6.pharyngeal7.Langue8.Hyponymy9.synchronic10.pragmatics11.surface12.diaglossia13.Interlanguage14.aspirated15.Cohort16.Sense17.Preposition18.Siciolinguistics19.Psycholinguistics20.general21.D22.C23.A24.A25.B26.C27.D28.D29.A30.C31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D36.A37.C38.D39.A40.A41.F42.F43.F44.T45.T46.F47.F48.F49.T50.F2021年10月广东省高等教育自学测试英语语言学问卷(课程代码06422)I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.Thetotalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshislinguisticr.Imotivationreferstolearnerslearningthesecondlanguageforenjoymentorpleasurefromlearning.Thephonetictranscription,ntranscription,isnormallyusedbyphoneticianstogiveminuteanddetaileddescriptionsofspeechsounds.Thewaythatnewwordsarecoinedfromalreadyexistingwordsby"sulthoughttobepartoftheoldwordiscalledb.Themeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponentscalledsemanticf.Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturaltacrossgenerations.Pisthestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideaparttoletairgothroughwithoutvibration,thesoundsthusproducedarev.Thesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyisnamedasthescommunity.AccordingtoN.Chomsky,creferstotheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.Preferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Thenotionofcisessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.Damagetopartsoftheleftcortexbehindthecentralsulcusresultsinatypeofaphasiacalledfaphasia.Thecviewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.Lexicaldtaskisakindofexperimentpsycholinguisticsemploytoinvestigatelexicalaccess.Atheorywhichexplicitlyemploysthenotion“concept"isthesemantictpropobyOgdenandRichardsintheirbookTheMeaningofMeaning.Clear[l]anddark[l]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/l/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeincdistribution.Sincethereareoftenintermediateformsbetweenthetwomembersofanantonymouspair,sotheyarecalledgantonyms.Sisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Atexperimentisatechniquethatisusedtostudythedeterminantsofsentenceprocessingdifficulty.II.Multiplechoice(15%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.phrasesB.sentencesC.morphemesD.utteranceTheconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:A.voiceless,bilabial,stopB.voiceless,labiodental,fricativeC.voiced,bilabial,stopD.voiced,labiodental,fricative23.ThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledununiversallinguisticscommonlinguisticsDD.generallinguisticsC.prescriptivelinguisticsInthephrasestructurerule“S一NPVPhearrowcanbereadasA.isequaltoB.consistsofC.hasD.generates.The川ocutionarypointofistoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.A.representativesB.commissivesC.expressivesDdeclarations.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyin1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.F.Halliday.motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.A.InstrumentalB.FunctionalC.IntegrativeD.Social.Whiledifferentwordsmayhavethesameorsimilarmeaning,thesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Thiskindofwordsarecalled.A.polysemicwordsB.homographsC.homonymsD.synonyms.Thetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangesovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative30.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherinthelate50century.B.L.BloomfieldCB.L.BloomfieldC.J.SearleD.J.Austinfthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesforcorrectandstandardbehaviorinusinglanguage,itissaidtobe.A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronicnthecaseofspit,theconsonant[p]issaidtobe.A.aspiratedB.voicedC.unaspiratedD.unprounceable33.Whattheelement-es"indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement-ed〞pasttense,and-ing"progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitsoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso.A.phonemesB.phonesC.allophonesD.morphemes34.Synoymousareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thiskindtowhich'lass'belonggislcalledsynonyms.A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocationalnaspeechcommunityPeoplehavesomethingincommon:alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit..A.sociallyB.linguisticallyC.culturallyD.pragmaticallyIII.Trueoffalsejudgement(20%)Theinteractionistviewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops.Acreoleissaidtobeformedwhenapidginhasbecometheprimarylanguageofaspeechcommunity,andisacquiredbythechildrenofthatspeechcommunityastheirnativelanguage.Gardenpathsentenceisanawkwardsentencethatmisleadsthespeakersandtakesthemdownthegardenpathtoawrongdirection.Aphonemeisthesmallestlinguisticunitofsoundthatcandistinguishtwowords.Registerreferstothetypeofutterancewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeoftypology.Phonologystudiesthefunctioningofthespeechsounds.PredicationanalysiswasproposedbytheBritishlinguistJ.Searletoanalyzethemeaningofutterance.Specifiershavebothspecialsemanticandsyntacticrolessincetheyhelpmakemoreprecisethemeaningoftheheadandmarkaphraseboundary.Differentlanguageofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisalsoknownaslinguisticrelativity.Metacognitivestrategiesdealwiththewaysidelearnersinteractorcommunicatewithotherspeakers,nativeornon-native.IV.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)derivationalmorphemeIPA(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)culturaltransmissionDeepStructurevs.SurfaceStructureThenamingtheoryV.Essayquestion(20%)AccordingtoAustin,whatarethethreeactsapersonispossiblyperformingwhilemakinganutterance?Giveanexample.参考答案1.repertoire2.Intrinsic3.narrow4.back-formation5.features6.transmission7.Phonology8.voiceless9.speechlOpetencell.Parole12.context13fluent14.contextualist15.dicision16.triangle"plementary18.gradable19.Sense2O.timed-reading21.C22.B23.D24.B25.C26.C27.C28.A29.B30.C31.B32.C33.D34.B35.B36.T37.T38.F39.T40.F41.T42.F43.T44.T45.F46.Morphemesthatchangethemeaningorlexicalcategoryofthewordstowhichtheyattach.47.Itisastandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemofphonetictranscription.48.Whilehumancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.,wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,thedetailsofanylanguagesystemarenotgeneticallytransmitted,butinsteadhavetobetaughtandlearned.Languageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinstinct49.Thefirst,formedbytheXPruleinaaccordancewiththehead'ssubcategorizationproperties,iscalleddeepstmcture.Thesecond,correspondingtothefinalsyntacticformofthesentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformations,iscalledsurfacestructureOneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,andalsoaveryprimitiveone,wasthenamingtheoryproposedbytheancientGreekscholarPlato.Thewordsusedinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zlocutionaryacttheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.It?sanactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexicon,andphonology.Namely.,theactofsayingsomething:theutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference.〔言内行为指的是用句子来表达,报告,描写.言内行为指话语过程本身,诸如：句法,词汇与发言等.〕illocutionaryact——theactofexpressingthespeaker?sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething;itsforceisidenticalwiththespeaker?sintention.Themakingofastatement,offerpromise,etc,inutteringasentence,byvirtueoftheconventionalforceassociatedwithit.theactofusingasentencetoperformafunctionsuchascommand,request,etc〔言外行为是指说话过程中通过话语的一些约定俗成的关联力量进行陈述,承诺等.说话带有目的性.〕perlocutionaryact---theactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething,it?stheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance;itistheactperfomedbysayingsomething,thebringingaboutofeffectsontheaudiencebymeansofutteringthesentence,sucheffectsbeingspecialtothecircumstances.theresultsoreffectsthatareproducedbymeansofsayingsth〔言后行为是指行为本身就是讲话的结果.即讲话所产生的情感,思想,行动等的某种反响.〕Illocutionaryforce:theintentionorpurposeunderlyingtheactofsayingsth.〔speaker?smeaning〕e.g.YouhaveleftthedoorwideopenThelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewords“youhave"door胸openetc.andexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.locutionary:utteranceofallthewordThe川ocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhatbymakingsuchanutterance,hehasexpressedhisintentionofspeaking,i.e.askingsb.toclosethedoor."omakingacomplaintTheprelocutionaryactreferstotheeffectoftheutterance.Ifthehearergetsthespeakersmessageandseesthespeakermeanstoasksomeonetoclosethedoor,thespeakerhassuccessfullybroughtaboutthechangeintherealworldhehasintendedto;thentheprelocutionaryactissuccessfullyperformed.perlocutionary:thehearerclosethedoororhisrefusaltocomplywiththerequest2021年10月广东省高等教育自学测试英语语言学问卷(课程代码06422)I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.Threebranchesofphoneticsarearticulatoryphonetics,aphonetics,andacousticphonetics.Thewordaroundwhichaphraseisformedistermedhead,andthewordsontherightsideoftheheadsarec.Hreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.Sreferstothelinguisticvarietycharacteristicofaparticularsocialclass.Therearetwotypesofadyslexia:phonologicaldyslexiaandsurfacedyslexia.Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisknownaslinguisticr.Themostbasicandthesmallestmeaningfulelementofmeaningistraditionallycalledm.Theiviewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichhedevelops.Cdeterminesthespeaker'suseoflanguageandalsothehearerwhatissaidtohim

correctandstandardIfthelinguisticstudyaimslaydownrulesforlanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,correctandstandardVibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled"vRmeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld.Areferstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisorderduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyvascularproblems,atumor,anaccidentandsoon.MinorLexicalCategoriesrefertoDDegreeword,Qualifier,AuxiliaryandConjunction.Linguisticsisascientificstudybecauseitisbasedonthesinvestigationoflinguisticdata.Grammaticaloffunctionalwordsarereferredtoasbeingcclasswords.Apisaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.Aarewordsderivedfromtheinitialsofseveralwords,suchasWTO.Imotivationreferstothedrivethatpeoplelearnaforeignlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.Chomskyusesthetermptorefertotheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.II.Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.Differentfromcontrastiveanalysis,gavelessconsiderationtolearnersnativelanguage.A.negativetransferB.mistakeanalysisC.positiveanalysisD.erroranalysisThesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyiscalledthe.A.publicsocietyB.commongroupC.speechcommunityD.speechgroupEnglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintwoways:oneisintermsofofarticulationandtheotherisintermsofplaceofarticulation.A.forceB.positionC.mannerD.patternnalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.A.ComponentialB.ContrastiveC.ComparativeD.InflectionChangesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.morphemesB.elementsC.segmentsD.constituentsmotivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.A.PositiveB.IntegrativeC.InstrumentalD.IntrinsicThewordsontheleftsideoftheheadsaresaidtofunctionas.A.modifiersB.qualifiersC.specifiersD.determinersThefollowingsoundsbelongtothesamenaturalclassEXCEPT.A.[t]B.[s]C.[p]D.[k]ThesentencethathasaNPandaPPcanbeshowninaformula"SfNPPPA.hierarchicalB.treediagramC.verticalD.linearIfalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe.A.prescriptiveB.descriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronicTherelationshipbetweenandllowerrose""is.A.homonymyB.hyponymyC.polysemyD.synonymyThepairofwordsan(east〞west"is.A.gradableantonymsB.co-hyponymsCplementaryoppositeD.relationalopposites.WhichofthefollowinghypothesisisputforwardbyEricLenneberg?A.CriticalPeriodHypothesisB.InputHypothesisC.Sapir-WhorfHypothesisD.LanguageAcquisitionDeviceHypothesis.X:JohnhastakenpartintheLondonOlympicGames.Y:Johnisasportsman.Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis.A.XentailsYB.XisinconsistentwithYC.XpresupposesYD.XissynonymouswithY35.Theword"unreasonablysts"ofconsimorphemes.A.4B.3C.5D.236.occurswhentheCooperativePrincipleisviolated.A.LocutionaryactB.IllocutionaryactC.ConversationalimplicatureD.IntralingualerrorWhentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thetwosoundcombinationsaresaidtoformaA.adjacencypairsB.minimalpairsC.complementarypairsD.similarpairs〞Brunch"isawomedby.A.clippingB.back-formationC.c