(完整版)2018高考英语全国1卷

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30分）做题时， 先将答案标在试卷上。 录音内容结束后， 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共 5小题：每小题 1.5分，满分 7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后， 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅谈一遍。例： Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.153. £9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。C.Writeareport.C.SheC.Writeareport.C.She’shelpful.A.WatchaTVprogram.B.Giveatalk.Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She’sgenerous. B.She’scurious.Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30.B.At8:30.C.At10:30.C.Changinghermajor.C.Changinghermajor.C.Chemistry.C.Ataxidriver.C.Atarestaurant.Howdocsthewomangotowork?A.Bycar. B.Onfoot. C.Bybike.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Doctorandpatient.第二节（共 15小题：每小题 1.5分，满分 22.5分）听下面5段对话或独内。每段对话或独A后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第 6、7题。Whatdoesthewomanregret?A.Givingupherresearch.B.Droppingoutofcollege.Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A.Ecology. B.Education.听第7段材料，回答第 8、9题。Whatistheman?A.Ahotelmanager. B.Atourguide.52Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?Lookingforsomelocalfoods.Showingheraroundtheseaside.Offeringinformationaboutahotel.听第8段材料，问答第10至12题。Wheredocstheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice. B.Athome.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?B.Visitafriend.C.Workextrahours.C.Catherine.C.Tohaveamealtogether.B.Visitafriend.C.Workextrahours.C.Catherine.C.Tohaveamealtogether.C.Itsquality.C.It’sadequatelyequipped.C.Makepayment.C.Collegestudents.A.Gotoaconcert.WhoisAlicegoingtocall?A.Mike. B.Joan.听第9段材料，回答第 13至16题。Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?A.Tolookatanapartment.B.Todeliversomefurniture.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor. B.Itsdesign.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A.It’sagoodsize.B.It’snewlypainted.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Godowntown. B.Talkwithherfriend.听第10段材料，回答第I7至20题。Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Moviefans. B.Newsreporters.WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?Beforehelefthishometown.AfterhecametoAmerica.Whenhewas15yearsold.Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.He’sproud. B.He’ssympathetic.C.He’sgrateful.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?Howeducationshapedhislife.Howhislanguageskillsimproved.Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）第一节（共 15小题：每小题 2分，满分 30分）阅淡下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和D叫个选项中，选出最佳选项。Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals. D.Safetylights.BGoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTcbbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunderfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe ’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant."sheexplains."Ipay£5盼)aploutionaittmakes廿emfor26Paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves. ”Theeight-partseriesi系列节目 )SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourliggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight ’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonaludget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’losngweekendofcelelrationwithlessexpensivelutstilltastyrecipes.WhatdoweknowaloutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysemlarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightludgetforherfamily.

HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefA.Theydevelopedveryfast.A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefA.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.BalancingOurDailyDietD.CookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.WhentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyHunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChinesearcincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1.000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld 'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.29.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsA.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.29.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsA.Complex.B.Advanced.present?D.About1,200.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.“dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?Powerful. D.Modem.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatA.About6,800.B.About3,400. C.About2,400.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated. B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'badnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids 'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse, "saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Wdrenotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'team,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesoluti嘛快方案）？Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals. B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou '111cin.Doyouwantaroomthat 'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyouljookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36 ,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere 'rereallyon”threekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39―.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou 'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesarctheoneswe 'remostfamiliarwithIt'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空 白处的最佳选项。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga"free"course,calledThinkingdonettsreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'wtantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dlwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren_ 't43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Jwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's46.Icouldhardlywaitto47_him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48_wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,52_toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat_53andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'rmtillputtingtousewhathe55me:“Theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood5乙Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent（对手）isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions. "Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist.41.A.putforuwrdB.jumpedatC.irie<louiU.tumedldown42,A曲mcB.eftmC.save43.A.型点倒C.rlhAcdDh[irwj44.A.tideii.curtipctilorC\kxtbtHik11iciMruckir45.AJiRdHrdemanded146.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest

A.interviewA.chanceA.realA.attendA.addA.eventuallyA.gameA.criterionB.meetB.qualificationB.perfectB.passB.exposeB.naturallyB.presentationB.classroomC.challengeC.honorC.clearC.skipC.applyC.directlyC.courseC.departmentD.beatD.jobD.possibleD.observeD.compareD.normallyD.experimentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，？t分15分〉阅谈下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon'havetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63dying(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan make'youliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).sprobablyrunsalways69Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...itavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit(energy).Ifyou