阅读基本功难句卡片01

阅读基本功难句卡片（一）——平行并列结构(2008-12-0400:07:25标签：大山英语教育分类：IELTS下载阅读难句随身卡（基础篇）北京环球雅思

祁连山一、前言阅读分为四个层次：词、句、段、章。同学们一般习惯于以词为单位阅读，所以遇到存在“生词”的句子就无从下手了。其实阅读的真正障碍并不在于“生词”，而在于“难句”，因为难句即使每个单词都认识，只要“结构”复杂，可能也读不懂。反之，一旦能够把握“结构”，就可以忽略生词，掌握大意，从而实现“无词阅读”的境界。为此，本人特意为广大同学制作了这一套“难句随身卡”（包括基础篇和提高篇）。二、难句的构成英语的难句=主句+从句+短语，不同于汉语的句子全是简单句，没有复杂句。如果把英语的难句比喻成大树，那么主句相当于树干，从句相当于树枝，而短语相当于叶子。只要把握主句，就可理解大意。相比之下，汉语的句子就好比是竹子，一节一节的。因此，我们在理解英语难句的时候要学会“拆”——把复杂句拆成简单句来理解。也就是说，要学会抓住“树干”，拆掉“枝叶”。三、如何“拆”任何句子都必须有谓语动词，所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个句子。因此，理解难句的基本步骤是：1）识别出有哪几个谓语动词；2）找出主句的谓语动词，先理解主句；3）再去理解从句和短语。四、符号说明1．谓语动词用黑体的斜体字表示，例如：Everyoneshouldknow…。2．从句的引导词用方框表示，例如：wherethenearestfirealarmboxislocated。3．从句用横线表示，例如：wherethenearestfirealarmboxislocated，表示where引导的从句。4．插入语成分用括号表示，例如：Keepingyourhead,(insteadofcrowdingandpushingtogettoanexit,maymakethedifferencebetween…第一章

平行并列结构本章难句列表1．Everyoneshouldknowwherethenearestfirealarmboxislocatedandwhereexits,fireescapes,andfiredoorsare.2．Thewayspaceisusedtoenabletheindividualtoachieveprivacy,tobuildhomesortodesigncitiesisculturallyinfluenced.3．Iwantedhertoknowthatmyheartwaswithher,andthatIthoughtEnglandowedheragreatdebtandwasgoingtomissher.4．Keepingyourhead,insteadofcrowdingandpushingtogettoanexit,maymakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathwhenfirebreaksout.5．Neitherfriendsnorfamilycanconvincephobicpeoplethatmostanimalsareharmless,thatthousandsoftravelersflysafelyeveryday,andmillionsofpeopleridesafelyinelevatorsseveraltimeseachday.6．Millionsofpeopletravelaboutthecountrybyrail,bybus,orbyautomobile,ordrivetoandfromtheirplacesofworkandtheirhomes.7．Herewehavealittlechild,withoutknowledgeorexperience;thereagrown-uppersonwithfullydevelopedmentalpowers.8．Therearerelayracesinrunningandswimminginsummer,andrelayinskiinginwinter.9．Butwerememberwithfargreaterpainthatwedidnotseethatbeautywhenitflowered,thatwefailedtorespondwithlovewhenitwastendered.10．Thisisnotaneasylessontolearn,especiallywhenweareyoungandthinkthattheworldisourstocommand,thatwhateverwedesirewiththefullforceofourpassionatebeingcanbeours.11．MorethanthreemillionpeopleliveininnerLondon,andnearlyfivemillionpeopleliveinthesurroundingsuburbanarea,whichismadeupofformerlyseparatevillagesthathavemergedtoformwhatisnowcalledouterLondon.12．Thejourneyandthestayarebydefinitionoutsidethenormalplacesofresidenceandwork,andareofshort-termandtemporarynature,andthereisaclearintentiontoreturnhomewithinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.13．Thelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.14．Wehavetriedtoisolatesomeofthekeyfactorsthatgovernservicequality,andofferexamplesoforganizationsthatmanageservicewellandofsomethatmanageitpoorly.15．Humanbeingshavedistinguishedthemselvesfromotheranimals,andindoingsoensuredtheirsurvival,bytheabilitytoobserveandunderstandtheirenvironmentandtheneithertoadapttothatenvironmentortocontrolandadaptittotheirownneeds.

难句分析：1．Everyoneshouldknowwherethenearestfirealarmboxislocatedandwhereexits,fireescapes,andfiredoorsare.结构：本句有三个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为shouldknow，其余两个都是由where引导的并列宾语从句。本句可以拆分为：1Everyoneshouldknow.2Wherethenearestfirealarmboxislocated.3Whereexits,fireescapes,andfiredoorsare.翻译：每个人都应该知道最近的火灾报警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火门位于何处。

2．Thewayspaceisusedtoenabletheindividualtoachieveprivacy,tobuildhomesortodesigncitiesisculturallyinfluenced.结构：本句有2个谓语动词，其中第二个isinfluenced是主句的谓语动词，主干是Thewayisculturallyinfluenced。第一个isused是定语从句的谓语动词，但是该定语从句省略了引导词。定语从句中三个并列的不定式短语动词toachieveprivacy,tobuildhomesortodesigncities共同作为isused的目的状语。本句可以拆分为：1Thewayisculturallyinfluenced.2Spaceisusedtoenabletheindividualtoachieveprivacy,tobuildhomesortodesigncities.翻译：怎样利用空间来获得个人隐私、建造家园以及设计城市都会受到文化的影响。

3．Iwantedhertoknowthatmyheartwaswithher,andthatIthoughtEnglandowedheragreatdebtandwasgoingtomissher.结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为wanted。was和thought分别属于两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。而owed和wasgoing为两个并列的谓语动词，共同主语为England。England这句话前面为了避免重复而省略了宾语从句的引导词that，实际上是thought的宾语从句。本句可以拆分为：1Iwantedhertoknow.2Thatmyheartwaswithher.3ThatIthought.4(ThatEnglandowedheragreatdebtandwasgoingtomissher.翻译：我想让她知道我的心陪伴着她，而且我认为英国欠了她一大笔债，很快就会想念她。

4．Keepingyourhead,(insteadofcrowdingandpushingtogettoanexit,maymakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathwhenfirebreaksout.结构：本句有两个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为maymake，其主语是动名词短语keepingyourhead。breaksout是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词。插入语(insteadof…中的crowding和pushing两个动名词是平行并列结构。本句可以拆分为：1Keepingyourheadmaymakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.2Whenfirebreaksout.翻译：当发生火灾时，保持头脑冷静，而不是向安全出口拥堵，能够带来生与死的不同结果。

5．Neitherfriendsnorfamilycanconvincephobicpeoplethatmostanimalsareharmless,thatthousandsoftravelersflysafelyeveryday,andmillionsofpeopleridesafelyinelevatorsseveraltimeseachday.结构：本句有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为canconvince，其主语为Neitherfriendsnorfamily。其余三个谓语动词全是convince的宾语从句的谓语动词，其中最后一个从句前面省略了that。拆分为：1Neitherfriendsnorfamilycanconvincephobicpeople.2Thatmostanimalsareharmless.3Thatthousandsoftravelersflysafelyeveryday.4(Thatmillionsofpeopleride…eachday.翻译：朋友及家庭成员都无法说服恐惧症患者，使其相信大多数动物都无害，无数旅行者每天安全地飞行，上百万人每天都多次安全地乘坐电梯。

6．Millionsofpeopletravelaboutthecountrybyrail,bybus,orbyautomobile,ordrivetoandfromtheirplacesofworkandtheirhomes.结构：本句有2个谓语动词，都是并列的主句谓语动词。三个并列的by…,by…,by…作为travel的方式状语。本句可以拆分为：1Millionsofpeopletravelaboutthecountrybyrail,bybus,orbyautomobile.2Millionsofpeopledrivetoandfromtheirplacesofworkandtheirhomes.翻译：上百万人乘坐火车、公交车或者小汽车在周游全国，或者开车往返于工作地点和家庭处所之间。

7．Herewehavealittlechild,withoutknowledgeorexperience;thereagrown-uppersonwithfullydevelopedmentalpowers.结构：本句只有一个谓语动词have。here…there属于平行并列结构，表示两个事物的对比状态，相当于theone…,theother…。翻译：一方是一个没有任何知识或者经验的小孩，另一方是一个有着健全发展的智力的成年人。

8．Therearerelayracesinrunningandswimminginsummer,andrelayinskiinginwinter.结构：本句只有一个therebe句型。relayraces和relay并列作为主语。本句可以拆分为：1Therearerelayracesinrunning…insummer.2Therearerelayinskiinginwinter.翻译：夏季有赛跑和游泳赛接力赛，冬季有滑雪比赛。

9．Butweremember(withfargreaterpainthatwedidnotseethatbeautywhenitflowered,thatwefailedtorespondwithlovewhenitwastendered.结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中remember是主句的谓语动词，被(withfargreaterpain分隔了两个并列的宾语从句thatwedidnotsee…和thatwefailedto…。本句可以拆分为：1Butwerememberwithfargreaterpain.2Thatwedidnotseethatbeauty.3Whenitflowered.4Thatwefailedtorespondwithlove.5Whenitwastendered.翻译：但是我们更加痛苦地回忆着，当花儿开放时我们没有看到她的美丽，在别人给予我们爱的时候也没有用爱来做出回报。

10．Thisisnotaneasylessontolearn,especiallywhenweareyoungandthinkthattheworldisourstocommand,thatwhateverwedesire(withthefullforceofourpassionatebeingcanbeours.结构：本句有6个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为is。think后面有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，而第二个宾语从句里面有一个由whatever引导的主语从句。(withthefullforceofourpassionatebeing分隔了主语从句和其谓语canbe。being是动名词。本句可以拆分为：1Thisisnotaneasylessontolearn.2Especiallywhenweareyoungandthink.3Thattheworldisourstocommand.4Thatwhateverwedesirecanbeours.翻译：这不是容易学会的一课，尤其是当我们还年轻，认为这个世界是由我们掌控，而且认为无论我们渴望得到什么，只要充满激情、全力以赴，就能实现。

11．MorethanthreemillionpeopleliveininnerLondon,andnearlyfivemillionpeopleliveinthesurroundingsuburbanarea,whichismadeupofformerlyseparatevillagesthathavemergedtoformwhatisnowcalledouterLondon.结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为两个并列的live。which引导非限定性定语从句修suburbanarea；that引导定语从句修饰villages，而what引导form的宾语从句。可以拆分为：1Morethan…peopleliveininnerLondon.2Andnearlyfivemillionpeoplelivein…area.3Theareaismadeupof…villages.4Thevillageshavemergedtoform.5WhatisnowcalledouterLondon.翻译：三百多万人住在伦敦市区，将近五百多万人住在周边郊区——该地区由以前分散的村庄组成，后来逐渐合并形成今天所谓的外部伦敦。

12．Thejourneyandthestayare(bydefinitionoutsidethenormalplacesofresidenceandworkandareofshort-termandtemporarynature,andthereisaclearintentiontoreturnhomewithinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.结构：本句有三个并列的主句谓语动词。两个are的共同主语是thejourneyandthestay。(bydefinition分割了are和表语outsidethenormalplaces。nature在这里表示“本质、性质”的意思。本句可以拆分为：1Thejourneyandthestayareoutsidethenormalplacesofresidenceandwork.2Thejourneyandthestayareofshort-termandtemporarynature.3Thereisaclearintentiontoreturnhome…翻译：（旅游中的）旅程和停留从定义上讲是在通常的居住和工作处所之外的，而且有一种短暂的性质。在短期之内，还要有一个明确的回家的意图。

13．Thelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.结构：本句有3个谓语动词，其中第二个arefocused是主句的谓语动词。ratherthan意思是“而非”，其前后并列两个on引导的介词短语。拆分为：1Thelimitedinvestmentsare…focusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskills.2Theinvestmentsaremadeintrainingworkers.3Theskillsmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.翻译：用于培训工人的有限投资也被集中用在训练完成下一个工作的必要技能上，而非用在可以吸收新技术的基本技能培训上。

14．Wehavetriedtoisolatesomeofthekeyfactorsthatgovernservicequality,andofferexamplesoforganizationsthatmanageservicewellandofsomethatmanageitpoorly.结构：本句有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为havetried，不定式to后面并列两个动词isolate和offer。两个of并列作为examples的后置定语。ofsome指代的是ofsomeorganizations。本句可以拆分为：1Wehavetriedtoisolatesomeofthekeyfactors.andofferexamplesoforganizationsandofsome.2Factorsgovernservicequality.3Organizationsmanageservicewell.4Organizationsmanageitpoorly.翻译：我们力图挑选出一些控制服务质量的关键因素，并且提供一些例子来说明某些机构把服务管理得很好，而有些却很差。

15．Humanbeingshavedistinguishedthemselvesfromotheranimals,andindoingsoensuredtheirsurvival,bytheabilitytoobserveandunderstandtheirenvironmentandtheneithertoadapttothatenvironmentortocontrolandadaptittotheirownneeds.结构：本句只有2个谓语动词havedistinguished和haveensured。主干是Humanbeingshavedistinguishedthemselves…and…ensuredtheirsurvival。by引导的方式状语后面并列了多个动词不定式toobserveandunderstand…/toadaptto…/tocontrolandadaptitto…，作为ability的修饰成分。翻译：人类已经将自己与其他动物区分开来，并且通过这样做来确保自己的生存，所依靠的就是通过观察和理解周围的环境，然后适应，控制并且改造该环境，使其适合自己需要的能力。阅读基本功难句卡片（二）——插入结构(2008-12-0600:32:35标签：大山英语教育雅思分类：IELTS下载第二章

插入结构

1．Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightand,whatismoreimportant,alwaysinitsgenuineform,withtherightpronunciation,rightintonation,rightuseofwordsandrightstructure.2．Work,formostAmericanandChinesewomenaged55andunder,involvesresponsibilityforahousehold,achildorchildren,andajoboutsidethehomeaswell.3．Still,hecouldnothelpthinkingthatifanythingshouldhappen,thenearestpersonhecouldcontactbyradio,unlesstherewasashipnearby,wouldbeonanisland885milesaway.4．Yetthisotherlifehasitsinterests,itsenjoyments,itssatisfaction,and,atcertainrareintervals,apeacefulgloworasuddenexcitement.5．Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.6．However,self-fulfillmentisimportanttomoralitybecauseunfulfilledcitizens,nomatterhowvirtuous,cannotperformthedutiesmoralityassignsthem.7．Informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.8．WhatIwasbeingblamedfor,itturnedout,wasanewspaperstrikewhichmadeitnecessarytohand-delivertheadvertisinginsertsthatnormallyareincludedwiththeSundaypaper.9．Whilewewerewaitingforthecoffee,theheadwaiter,withaningratiatingsmileonhisfalseface,cameuptousbearingalargebasketfullofhugeapples.10．Butagreatbook,richinideasandbeauty,abookthatrisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamentalquestions,demandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouarecapable.11．Youfounduponthatagenerallawthatallhardandgreenapplesaresour;andthat,sofarasitgoes,isaperfectinduction.12．Itis,everyoneagrees,ahugetaskthatthechildperformswhenhelearnstospeak,andthefactthathedoessoinsoshortaperiodoftimechallengesexplanation.13．Computercrime,aphrasedenotingillegalandsurreptitiousattemptstoinvadedatabanksinordertostealormodifyrecords,ortoreleaseovercomputernetworkssoftwarecalledavirusthatcorruptsdataandprograms,hasgrownatanalarmingratesincethedevelopmentofcomputercommunications.14．Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmustseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards,thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.

1．Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightand,(whatismoreimportant,alwaysinitsgenuineform,withtherightpronunciation,rightintonation,rightuseofwordsandrightstructure.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句的是hears。(whatismore是插入语，而插入语并不重要。所以要先理解插入语两端的内容，再理解插入语。因此，对于插入语，我们的处理方法是：“先读两端，再读中间”。with后面的right…right…andright…是并列结构。翻译：儿童从早到晚都能听到别人在讲（母语），而且更重要的是，听到的总是一种正确的发音、语调、用词以及语法结构的纯正语言。

2．Work,(formostAmericanandChinesewomenaged55andunder,involvesresponsibilityforahousehold,achildorchildren,andajoboutsidethehomeaswell.结构：只有一个谓语动词：involves。(formostAmericanandChinesewomenaged55andunder是插入语。本句的主干为：Workinvolvesresponsibility。for后面的内容修饰responsibility，而ahousehold,achildorchildren,andajoboutsidethehomeaswell为并列结构。翻译：对于大多数美国和中国的55岁或者以下的妇女而言，工作的全部职责包括了负责家务、照顾孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。

3．Still,hecouldnothelpthinkingthatifanythingshouldhappen,thenearestpersonhecouldcontactbyradio,(unlesstherewasashipnearby,wouldbeonanisland885milesaway.结构：共有5个谓语动词，主句谓语动词为couldnothelp。that引导think的宾语从句。couldcontact属于定于从句，省略了引导词，修饰person。unless引导条件状语从句，为插入语。拆分为：1Still,hecouldnothelpthinking.2Thatifanythingshouldhappen.3Thenearestpersonwouldbeon…away.4hecouldcontacttheperson.5Unlesstherewasashipnearby.翻译：他仍然忍不住想到，如果发生了什么意外，那么除非附近有条船，否则他能用电台联系到的最近的人也885英里之外的岛屿上。

4．Yetthisotherlifehasitsinterests,itsenjoyments,itssatisfaction,and,(atcertainrareintervals,apeacefulgloworasuddenexcitement.结构：只有1个谓语动词：has。its…,its…,its…,anda…ora…是并列结构，作为has的宾语。(atcertainrareintervals是插入语。翻译：然而，这另一种生活也有其情趣、快乐、满足，而且也偶尔伴随着平静的喜悦或者突如其来的激动。

5．Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,(therefore,(whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中isnot是主句的谓语动词。while引导的让步状语从句，作为插入语，分隔了主语和系动词。拆分为：1Ourknowledgeofsocialsystemsisnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.2Whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate.翻译：因此，虽然在很多方面，我们对社会体制的认识极度不准确，但是这些认识并不能够被新的发现所正式推翻。

6．However,self-fulfillmentisimportanttomoralitybecauseunfulfilledcitizens,(nomatterhowvirtuous,cannotperformthedutiesmoralityassignsthem.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中is是主句的谓语动词。because引导原因状语从句。(nomatterhowvirtuous是插入语，分隔了从句的主语和谓语。拆分为：1Self-fulfillmentisimportanttomorality.2Becauseunfulfilledcitizenscannotperformthedutiesmoralityassignsthem.翻译：然而，自我实现对于道德而言至关重要，因为没有自我实现的公民，无论多么有道德，都无法履行道德赋予他们的义务。

7．Informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,(whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.结构：共有4组谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为willbecome和willhaveandproduce。whether引导让步状语从句为插入语。拆分：1Informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewillhavetheadvantagesandproducethewealth.2Peoplepossessit.3Whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices.翻译：信息和知识将会变得更加重要，而且掌握它们的人们，不论是在制造业还是服务业，都将会拥有优势，创造财富。

8．WhatIwasbeingblamedfor,(itturnedout,wasanewspaperstrikewhichmadeitnecessarytohand-delivertheadvertisinginsertsthatnormallyareincludedwiththeSundaypaper.结构：共有5个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为was。What引导主句从句。(itturnedout为插入语。拆分为：1WhatIwasbeingblamedforwasanewspaperstrike.2Thestrikemadeitnecessarytohand-delivertheadvertisinginserts.3TheinsertsnormallyareincludedwiththeSundaypaper.翻译：原来，我因为一场报纸行业罢工而受到责备。罢工造成不得不用人工把那些通常是夹在周日报纸里面的广告插页递送出去。

9．Whilewewerewaitingforthecoffee,theheadwaiter,(withaningratiatingsmileonhisfalseface,cameuptousbearingalargebasketfullofhugeapples.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为cameup。(withaningratiatingsmileonhisfalseface是插入语，分隔了主语和谓语。Ingratiating这个形容词修饰smile，不认识也不妨碍理解。拆分为：1Theheadwaitercameuptousbearingalargebasketfullofhugeapples.2Whilewewerewaitingforthecoffee.翻译：正在我们等咖啡上来的时候，领班面带着奉承的微笑，走到我们跟前，带来了一大篮子的特大苹果。

10．Butagreatbook,(richinideasandbeauty,(abookthatrisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamentalquestions,demandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouarecapable.结构：共有3个谓语动词，其中demands是主句谓语动词。(richinideasandbeauty和(abookthat…是插入语。前者做agreatbook的后置定语，而后者是agreatbook的同位语，起补充说明的作用。that引导定语从句修饰book，which引导定语从句修饰reading。拆分为：1Agreatbookdemandsthemostactivereading.2Abookrisesandtriestoanswer…questions.3Youarecapableofthereading.翻译：但是一本富于思想和美感的伟大的书能够提出并试图回答一些伟大的根本问题。这样的书需要你尽最大所能来积极阅读。

11．Youfounduponthatagenerallawthatallhardandgreenapplesaresour;andthat,(sofarasitgoes,isaperfectinduction.结构：共有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为found和is。分号前后的两句话是并列的主句。uponthat等于becauseofthat。第一个that指agenerallaw。第二个that引导agenerallaw的同位语从句。(sofarasitgoes是插入语，意思是“迄今为止”。拆分为：1Youfounduponthatagenerallaw.2Thatallhardandgreenapplesaresour.3Andthatisaperfectinduction.翻译：由此你发现了一条普遍规律，即所有又硬又青的苹果都是酸的。而且，迄今为止，这是一条不错的归纳。

12．Itis,(everyoneagrees,ahugetaskthatthechildperformswhenhelearnstospeak,andthefactthathedoessoinsoshortaperiodoftimechallengesexplanation.结构：共有6个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为is和challenges。and连接两个并列主句。(everyoneagrees为插入语。第二个that引导thefact的同位语从句。拆分为：1Itisahugetask.2Thechildperformsthetask.3Whenhelearnstospeak.4Thefactchallengesexplanation.5Thathedoessoinsoshortperiodoftime.翻译：每个人都同意，孩子学说话是件艰巨的任务，而且他们能在如此短时间内做到，确实需要好好解释一下。

13．Computercrime,(aphrasedenotingillegalandsurreptitiousattemptstoinvadedatabanksinordertostealormodifyrecords,ortoreleaseovercomputernetworkssoftwarecalledavirusthat

destroysdataandprograms,hasgrownatanalarmingratesincethedevelopmentofcomputercommunications.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句的为hasgrown。主干为Computercrimehasgrownatanalarmingrate…。中间的(aphrase…programs是插入语，虽然很长，但是即使看不懂也不重要，只要明白是在解释computercrime即可。denotingillegalandsurreptitiousattempts…作为分词修饰aphrase。stealormodifyrecords,ortorelease…software为并列结构。calledavirus修饰software。翻译：随着计算机通讯的发展，计算机犯罪已经在加速增长。计算机犯罪这个术语是指非法、秘密侵入数据库盗取或修改数据记录，或者在计算机网络上散布病毒软件来破坏数据和程序的行为。

14．Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmustseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards,(thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为mustface。主干为：Britainmustfacetheproblem。almostmorethananyothercountryintheworld作为Britain的后置定语。(thatistosay是插入语，意为“也就是说”。两个of介词短语都在修饰theproblem。翻译：英国几乎比世界上任何国家都更加需要严肃对待向高空建筑房屋的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。阅读基本功难句卡片（三）——分隔结构(2008-12-1023:28:40标签：大山英语雅思教育分类：IELTS下载第三章

分隔结构

1.Eveninghadnowcome,thelastofAdolfHitler’slife.2.Weliveinatimewhen,morethaneverbeforeinhistory,peoplearemovingabout.3.Severalneighborshopetofindsafetyintheonlybombshelterontheirstreetwhenanannouncementcomesovertheradiothatenemymissilesareapproaching.4.Thewillingnesstorecognizethevalueofthesenewer“unscientific”waysofdoingsciencemaybeanotherinstanceofthehumanabilitytoadaptandsurvive,ofwhichwespokeearlier.5.Itisanactivityyouturntoforpleasure,notsomethingthatyouhavetodo,likehelpingwiththedishes.6.ThetourracesofFranceandItaly,heldeachyear,covermorethan2,000miles.7.WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,IsawadvertisedinalocalnewspaperateachingpostataschoolinasuburbofLondonabouttenmilesfromwhereIlived.8.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyfromthegovernmentofficialtotheordinarycitizen,ofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.9.IlaunchedintoavariationofthespeechIhadmadeforyears,abouthowexcessivetaxratescantakeawaytheincentivetoproduce,andhowcuttingtaxescangenerategrowth.10.EvenhiscriticssaytheAmestest–hissimple,inexpensivelaboratoryprocedurethathelpsdeterminewhetherasubstancemightcausecancer–isaremarkableachievement.11.Thecessation（停止）oftheemploymentofextraordinarymeanstoprolongthelifeofthebodywhenthereisirrefutableevidencethatbiologicaldeathisimminent（即将来临的）isthedecisionofthepatientand/orherimmediatefamily.12.Althoughhercharacterswereportrayed（描绘）inmanysettingsandsituations,theyallreflected,bytheoftentragicoutcomeoftheirlives,herprofoundconvictionthatnohumancouldbehappyifthathappinesswasrootedinthewretchedness（悲伤，痛苦）ofanother.13.IplantoseehersooninEngland,thoughnot,sheremindedme,againat10DowningStreet.

1.Eveninghadnowcome,(thelastofAdolfHitler’slife.结构：只有1个谓语动词：hadcome，分隔了主语evening和它的同位语(thelastofAdolfHitler’slife。(thelastofAdolfHitler’slife由于较长，所以放在了后面。本句的原型是：Evening,(thelastofAdolfHitler’slife,hadnowcome.翻译：阿道夫.希特勒生命中的最后一个夜晚已经来临了。

2.Weliveinatimewhen,(morethaneverbeforeinhistory,peoplearemovingabout.结构：共有2个谓语动词，主句的是live。(morethaneverbeforeinhistory分隔了定语从句的引导词when和peoplearemovingabout。拆分为：1Weliveinatime.2Inatimepeoplearemovingabout(morethaneverbeforeinhistory.翻译：在我们生活的时代中，人们四处奔波的程度远远超过历史上的任何时期。

3.Severalneighborshopetofindsafetyintheonlybombshelterontheirstreetwhenanannouncementcomesovertheradiothatenemymissilesareapproaching.结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是hope。that引导的是anannouncement的同位语从句，原型是anannouncementthatenemymissilesareapproachingcomesovertheradio。但是，由于谓语动词太短，造成头重脚轻，所以同位语从句被放到了后面。拆分为：1Severalneighborshopetofind…ontheirstreet.2Whenanannouncementcomesovertheradio.3Thatenemymissilesareapproaching.翻译：当电台里面宣布敌人的导弹袭来的时候，有几个邻居希望能在街上唯一的避弹所里找到藏身之处。

4.Thewillingnesstorecognizethevalueofthesenewer“unscientific”waysofdoingsciencemaybeanotherinstanceofthehumanabilitytoadaptandsurvive,ofwhichwespokeearlier.结构：共有2个谓语动词，主句的是maybe。主干是Thewillingness…maybeanotherinstance…。ofwhich引导非限定性定语从句，修饰thehumanability，被toadaptandsurvive分隔。1Thewillingnesstorecognizethevalueofthesenewer“unscientific”waysofdoingsciencemaybeanotherinstanceofthehumanabilitytoadaptandsurvive.2Wespokeofthehumanability.翻译：认识到从事科学工作的一些更新颖的、“非科学”方法的价值的愿望，也许是我们早先提到过的人类所具有的适应能力和生存能力的另一个例子。

5.Itisanactivityyouturntoforpleasure,notsomethingthatyouhavetodo,likehelpingwiththedishes.结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是is。主干为Itisanactivity…,notsomething…。youturntoforpleasure是一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰activity。修饰something的定语从句thatyouhavetodo分隔了something和它的另一个定语likehelpingwiththedishes。拆分为：1Itisanactivity.2Youturntotheactivityforpleasure.3Youhavetodosomething.翻译：这是一种你寻求快乐的活动，而非像帮人刷盘子那样的一些你不得不作的事情。

6.ThetourracesofFranceandItaly,(heldeachyear,covermorethan2,000miles.结构：只有1个谓语动词。过去分词(heldeachyear作为thetourraces的定语，被另一个定语ofFranceandItaly分隔。当一个名词或代词后面同时接有两个以上的定语，或者名词或代词后面的定语被其他成分（例如状语，插入语，同位语等）隔开时，称为“分割定语”。例如：Themaninoldagewhocanseehislifeinthiswaywillnotsufferfromthepainofdeath.inoldage分隔了theman的定语从句。翻译：环法国和意大利的巡回赛每年举行，其行程长达2,000多英里。

7.WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,Isaw(advertisedinalocalnewspaperateachingpostataschoolinasuburbofLondonabouttenmilesfromwhereIlived.结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是saw。主句的原型是Isawateachingpost(advertisedinalocalnewspaperataschoolinasuburbofLondon…。(advertisedinalocalnewspaper也是ateachingpost的定语，但是分隔了saw和ateachingpost。之所以把(advertisedinalocalnewspaper提到ateachingpost之前，是因为主句的原型中，ateachingpost的后置定语太长，容易造成理解上的混乱。翻译：当我等待进入大学期间，我看到当地的一家报纸上登着一个教师职位的招聘广告，其所在的学校位于伦敦郊区，而那个地方离我的住处有大约10英里的路程。

8.Thesecondaspectistheapplication(byallmembersofsocietyfromthegovernmentofficialtotheordinarycitizen,ofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.结构：共有2个谓语动词，主句的是is。(byallmembersofsocietyfromthegovernmentofficialtotheordinarycitizen分隔了theapplication和它的定语ofthespecialmethods…。that引导的定语从句修饰thespecialmethods。拆分为：1Thesecondaspectistheapplication…ofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandaction.2Scientistsusethespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionintheirwork.翻译：第二个方面是社会的全体成员，从政府官员到普通公民，都要使用科学家在他们的工作中所使用的那些特殊的思考和行动的方法。

9.IlaunchedintoavariationofthespeechIhadmadeforyears,abouthowexcessivetaxratescantakeawaytheincentivetoproduce,andhowcuttingtaxescangenerategrowth.结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是launchedinto。Ihadmadeforyears是省略了that的定语从句，分隔了thespeech和about。about后面是两个并列的宾语从句。拆分为：1Ilaunchedintoavariationofthespeechabout...2Ihadmadethespeechforyears.3Howexcessivetaxratescantakeawaytheincentivetoproduce.4Howcuttingtaxescangenerategrowth.翻译：我做了一次与几年前内容不同的演讲，谈的是关于过高的税率会如何挫伤生产的积极性，以及减税如何能够促进发展。

10.EvenhiscriticssaytheAmestest–hissimple,inexpensivelaboratoryprocedurethathelpsdeterminewhetherasubstancemightcausecancer–isaremarkableachievement.结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是say。hissimple,inexpensivelaboratoryprocedure…是一个很长的同位语，分隔了宾语从句中的theAmestest和isaremarkableachievement。拆分为：1Evenhiscriticssay.2TheAmestestisaremarkableachievement.3Hissimple,inexpensivelaboratoryprocedurehelpsdetermine.4Whetherasubstancemightcausecancer.翻译：甚至连他的批评者都说爱姆兹试验是一项非凡的成就。这种试验是一种简单而又廉价的实验过程，却有助于确定某一种物质是否能够造成癌症。

11.Thecessation（停止）oftheemploymentofextraordinarymeanstoprolongthelifeofthebodywhenthereisirrefutableevidencethatbiologicaldeathisimminent（即将来临的）isthedecisionofthepatientand/orherimmediatefamily.结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是第三个is。主干是Thecessation…isthedecision…，但是主语与系动词之间被长长的定语oftheemployment…所分隔。that引导evidence的同位语从句。拆分为：1Thecessationoftheemploymentofextraordinarymeanstoprolongthelifeofthebodyisthedecisionofthepatientand/orherimmediatefamily.2Whenthereisirrefutableevidence.3Thatbiol