新航标职业英语语音技能教程unit

新航标职业英语

英语语音技能教程“十二五”职业教育国家规划教材经全国职业教育教材审定委员会审定·顾问、总主审：刘黛琳·总主编：蒋秉章、老青

·主编：秦小怡、李亮

ⅠFunctionsofIntonationIntonationofSentences

IntonationofEmphasisSkillExercisesⅡⅢⅣ

在英语口语中，语调作为超音段特征（supra-segmentalfeatures）中的重要部分，与重音、节奏等一样，对于话语意思的完整有着重要的意义。英语话语中不恰当的音高或语调可能会导致交流困难，比如说话时如有外国口音，会引起误解甚至尴尬。语调功能主要包括以下四种：1.语法功能；2.语篇功能；3.表态功能；4.强调功能。

I.FunctionsofIntonation返回目录

有四种音高用来满足以下目的：返回目录I.FunctionsofIntonation

一般来说，英语中音高的变化贯穿整句话中，而非仅在一个单词之内。请看以下例子，听录音并大声跟读。1.A:I’vegotsomuchmoney.Ijustdon’tknowwhattodowithitall.B:Howawfulforyou!（中音）2.A:We’vebeenburgled.B:Howawfulforyou!（高音）3.A:I’vepassedmydrivingtest.B:Brilliant!（超高音）4.A:I’vecrashedthecaragain.B:Brilliant.（低音）返回目录I.FunctionsofIntonation5.A:Ihadthespaghetti

leftoversforlunch.B:Howlovelyforyou!（中音）6.A:I’vewonaholidayintheBahamas.B:Howlovelyforyou!（超高音）7.A:I’lldoitforyouifyoulike.B:Howkindofyou!（中音）8.A:I’veeatenallthebiscuits.B:Howkindofyou!（高音）返回目录I.FunctionsofIntonation在语句构成上，话语或句子都要遵循英语中一些特定的语调模式。常见的模式主要是降调和升调。1.Falling↓降调——常表示确定、终结、唐突等情况。常用于以下情形：A.命令或要求1．Knockonthedoorbeforeyou↓comein,please.2．Comeandhavea↓look.3．Bea↓niceboy,Toby.4．Don’tbelatefor↓class.5．Pleasepassthat↓book.II.IntonationofSentences

返回目录Falling↓降调—常表示确定、终结、唐突等情况。

常用于以下情形：B.对事实的简单陈述6．Isawthecarlast↓night.7．Weareinthesame↓class.8．Whiskyandsodaarehisfavourite↓drinks.9．Thepublicarerequestednottoleavelitterinthese↓woods.10.Thegovernmenthasdecidedtopassthe↓bill.返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

Falling↓降调—常表示确定、终结、唐突等情况。

常用于以下情形：C.疑问句：What,When,Where,Why,Which,Who(m),Whose,How,Howmuch等11．What’syour↓name,please?12．Whenwillyoubehere↓again?13．Whereandwhendidittake↓place?14．Whichotherpeopleare↓mentioned?15．Howdidyou↓feelwhenyoustoodonthe↓stage?返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

Falling↓降调—常表示确定、终结、唐突等情况。

常用于以下情形：D.疑问短语/附加疑问句——表示已知信息、表达观点或希望得到认同16．It’saterribleday,↓isn’tit?17．You’reMr.Brown,↓aren’tyou?18．YouarelearningEnglish,↓aren’tyou?19．Youdon’tagree,↓doyou?20．Theywon’tarriveuntiltomorrow,↓willthey?返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

2.Rising↑升调——常表示不确定、不完整、疑虑等情况。

常用于以下情形：A.位于主句之前的从句或短语，有单独的语调群1.↑

Yesterday,as↑

usual,weweredoingmorning↑

exercisesinthe↓park.2.Twopolice↑

officers,amananda↑

woman,bothyoungand↑

blond,weretalking↑

softlyandwithsympathytoa↑

boyofabout↓seven.3.Accordingtothe↑

experts,thewayyouspendyourfree↑

timeisvitaltoyour↓health.4.How-↑-ever,thisisthe↑

problemwehaveto↓face.5.Generally↑

speaking,childrentodayaremoreopen-↑

mindedthantheonesinthe↓past.返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

2.Rising↑升调——常表示不确定、不完整、疑虑等情况。

常用于以下情形：B.一般疑问句6.Aretheycomingnext↑

week?7.Doyouspeak↑Spanish?8.Wouldyoureadaloudthenameofthedish,↑

please?9.Doesshecookbetterthanmy↑

mother?10.Don’tyouthinkitisworth↑

doing?返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

2.Rising↑升调——常表示不确定、不完整、疑虑等情况。

常用于以下情形：C.疑问短语/附加疑问句——表示新的信息或说话者不确定、期待确认的信息11.It’sraining,↑isn’tit?12.Yourname’sBrown,↑isn’tit?13.Youarenotateacher,↑areyou?14.Hedidn’tcomelastnight,↑didhe?15.Youhaven’tansweredtheletter,↑haveyou?返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

2.Rising↑升调——常表示不确定、不完整、疑虑等情况。

常用于以下情形：D.列举事物

16.Let’scount:↑

one,↑

two,↑

three,↑

four,↑

fiveand↓six.17.Whichoftheseactivitiesappealstoyou—hill-↑

walking,motor-↑

racing,↑

skiing,↑

sailing,mountai-↑

-neering,↑

surfing,or↓tennis?18.Atthepartywehad↑

cakes,↑

jellies,↑

beers,↑

biscuits,↑

chocolateandlemo-↓-nade.19.Hereareyourlostthings:a↑

pen,a↑

watch,amobile-↑

phoneanda↓camera.20.Amongthepeoplewere↑

workers,↑

farmers,engi-↑

-neers,medical-↑workers,↑

intellectuals,↑

soldiersand↓students.返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

2.Rising↑升调——常表示不确定、不完整、疑虑等情况。

常用于以下情形：E.选择疑问句的第一部分

21.Areyou↑

goingor↓staying?22.Wouldyoutakethe↑

blueoneorthe↓redone?23.Ishegoingto↑

workor↓study?24.Isshe↑

tallor↓short?25.Didthey↑

winorweretheyde-↓-feated?返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

3.Falling-Rising↓↑降升调——常表示犹豫、暗示、礼貌地要求、道歉等情况。4.Rising-Falling↑↓升降调——常表示确定、反对、强调、对比等情况。例：A:YouknowIgotaninterview↑↓forthatjob?（提示）B:Oh,youmeantheoneinthe↓↑

EveningNews?（确认）A:No,theonein↑↓

TheTimes!Anyway,Igotan↓↑

interview.

（改正）（延续

故事）B:Oh,that’sgood↓↑

news.Howdidit↑↓go?

（积极回应）（疑问句）A:Well,notaswellasIhopedit↓↑might.（遗憾）B:Well,whywas↑↓that?（疑问句）A:Well,thewomanwhowasinterviewingme↑↓seemedreallycold.（失望和不喜欢）B:HumanResourcesmanagers↑↓

oftenare.（同意和强调）返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

例：A:Anyway,sheaskedmeallkindsofquestions↓↑Icouldn’tanswer.（延续故事）B:Likewhat,↓↑

forexample?（寻求新信息）A:Well,↓↑foronething,shewantedtoknowwhyIwantedtoleavethisjob.

（举例）B:Andwhatdidyou↑↓

say?（疑问句）A:Well,↑↓

notalot!Ireallycouldn’tthinkofanythingtosay.（确定）

（遗憾）B:Youshouldhavethoughtaboutyouranswers↑↓

inadvance.（礼貌的提示）A:Anyway,↑↓

Igotthejob!SoIwillbeleavingnextweek.（重点的强调）返回目录II.IntonationofSentences

强调用于突出重点的信息。它对于意义、话语和句法边界（syntacticboundaries）很敏感。它可以体现特定话语的语境以及说话人的意图。事实上，在不同情况下，同样的一些词语，同样的排布顺序，也会产生不同的意义：有一些词语，不论它们位于话语的哪一部分，都会根据其意群所在的语境对整体意义产生或大或小的影响。因此，英语中的强调作为一种用来突出信息的手段，可以确保交流的灵活性，可以使说话者仅使用强调而不需要添加冗词即可清楚地传递信息。强调的语调通常是超高或超低。一般来说，说话者强调不同的信息基本分为以下三种情形：1．说话者强调新信息——信息重音例：—Isawa↓FILMlastnight.—Aro-↑-MANticfilm?—No.Itwasa↓WARfilm.III.IntonationofEmphasis返回目录

2．说话者强调某个特殊成分——强调重音例：↓MAry'sskirtisgreen.（暗示:notJane's）Mary‘s↓SKIRTisgreen.（暗示:notblouse）Mary‘sskirt↓ISgreen.（暗示:it'strue）Mary‘sskirtis↓GREEN.（暗示:notblue）3．说话者强调平行的成分以凸显对比——对比重音例：Doyouliveonthe↑THIRDorthe↓FOURTHflooroftheapartment

building?Itisa↑GIRLfootballteam.返回目录III.IntonationofEmphasis1.下面这些对话中每句话的语法功能只通过语调来表达。听录音并跟读。然后跟你的同伴用正确的语调分角色表演这些对话。IV.SkillExercises返回目录1．A:Ready?B:No!A:Whynot?B:Problems.A:Problems?B:Yes.A:What?B:Flattyre.2．A:When?B:Tomorrow.A:When?B:Tomorrow.A:Tomorrow?B:Yes,tomorrow.1.下面这些对话中每句话的语法功能只通过语调来表达。听录音并跟读。然后跟你的同伴用正确的语调分角色表演这些对话。IV.SkillExercises返回目录3．A:Whichway?B:Left.A:What?B:Left.A:Left,sure?B:Yes,sure.4．A:What’swrong?B:Notverywell.A:Ill?B:Probably.A:Let’sgo!B:Go?Whereto?A:Hospital.2.朗读下面的句子，使用正确的语调。然后听录音并跟读。IV.SkillExercises返回目录1．Butwhere’sthemoneythatIleftonthetable?2．Canyourememberthenameofthemanager?3．Don’tbeafraid.Comeoverhereandsitdown.4．Hecancertainlyswimwell,buthecan’tdriveacar.5．Wouldn’tyoulikesomemoreofthesedeliciouschocolates?6．Thebig,brownbookwiththeleatherbindingwaswrittenbyaformerPrimeMinister.7．Why?Don’tyoulikeit?Ithoughtitwasyourfavourite.3.听录音并跟读下面的对话，注意重读大写字母部分。IV.SkillExercises返回目录1．A:Howdoyoulikethatnewcomputeryoubought?B:IREALlyenjoyit.2．A:WhatareyouDOing?B:I’mLIStening.A:WHO’slistening?B:I’mlistening.A:WhyAREN’tyoulistening?B:IAMlistening.3.听录音并跟读下面的对话，注意重读大写字母部分。IV.SkillExercises返回目录3．A:WhereareyouFROM?B:GERmany.WhataboutYOU?A:I’mfromCHIna.4．A:I’dlikesomeCHEESE,please.B:WhatKINDofcheese?SWISSorBRItish?A:I’llhaveBRItishcheese.3.听录音并跟读下面的对话，注意重读大写字母部分。IV.SkillExercises返回目录5．A:IhaveapictureofaladysittinginaPARK.B:Ihaveapictureofaladyinapark,TOO.She’sreadingaBOOK.A:Oh,MYladyisreadingaNEWSpaper.B:Nexttotheladythere’sabigTREE.A:There’sabigtreeinMYpicture,TOO.B:There’saDOGinMYpicture.A:There’reTWOdogsinMYpicture.4.朗读下面的对话，使用正确的语调和音高。然后听录音

并跟读。IV.SkillExercises返回目录1．A:Thefoodwasprettypoor.（中音）

B:↓↑Poor?!Itwasabsolutelydisgusting!（超高音）2．A:Itwasalittlenoisy.（中音）

B:Alittle↓↑noisy?!Itwasabsolutelydeafening!（超高音）3．A:Itwasabitvague.（中音）

B:Abit↓↑vague?!Itwascompletelyconfused!（超高音）4．A:Theywereabitcold.（中音）

B:↓↑Cold?!Theywereterriblyrude!（超高音）5．A:Iwasabitnervous.（中音）

B:Abit↓↑nervous?!Youwereinabsolutepanic!（超高音）5.朗读下面画线的附加疑问句，使用正确的语调。然后听录音并跟读。IV.SkillExercises返回目录1．Thoseflowersarelovely,aren’tthey?2．Youhaven’tseenmyglassesanywhere,haveyou?3．HewasfromBrazil,wasn’the?4．Tennisissoboring,isn’tit?5．Itstartsatnine,doesn’tit?6．Itwasn’taveryinterestinggame,wasit?7．Itisn’tsogoodasyouhaveimaginedittobe,isit?8．Comeoverhereaminute,willyou?9．Idon’tthinkyoucouldhavedoneit,couldyou?10．Theyweremakingarealwonder,weren’tthey?6.听录音并跟读，注意第二个说话者如何用合适的语调回应第一个说话者的，注意其语调暗示的意思。IV.SkillExercises返回目录1．—IsawyouonWednesday.—Did↑you?(IthoughtitwasThursday.)2．—He’sonlythirty.—Is↑he?(Helooksaboutfifty.)3．—Johnsayshecan’tcome.—↑Oh?(Whynot?)4．—It’shalfpastten.—↑Well.(Wedon’tneedtohurry.)5．—Ican’thelpyou.—Very↑well.(We’lldoitonourown.)IV.SkillExercises返回目录6．—Yourchange,sir.—Thank↑you.(Showingthanks.)7．—Whatalovelydress!—Youlikeit,do↑you?(Confirmationexpected.)8．—Moretea?—No,thank↑you.(Thatwasveryniceofyou.)9．—I’llhaveanexamtomorrow.—Good↑luck!(Expressingwishes.)10．—Takeithome．—Takeit↑home?(Isthatwhatyousaid?)6.听录音并跟读，注意第二个说话者如何用合适的语调回应第一个说话者的，注意其语调暗示的意思。IV.SkillExercises返回目录11．—Don’t!—↑Don’t?(Whynot?)12．—Ididn’tknowyoudrankcoffee.—I↓do,↑sometimes.(Butnotveryoften.)13．—Willyouhavedinnerwithus?—I↓willifI↑can.(ButI’mnotsureifit’spossible.)14．—Isitgoingtobefine?—I↓think↑so.(Notquitesure.)15．—Whydidyougothere?—↓Noneofus↑wantedto.(Butwefeltwehadto.)6.听录音并跟读，注意第二个说话者如何用合适的语调回应第一个说话者的，注意其语调暗示的意思。7.听下面对话的录音并跟读。然后跟你的同伴用正确的语调分角色表演这些对话。IV.SkillExercises返回目录1.ANDREW：It’sabsolutelyamazing—Ihadforgottenthatthisplacewassoincredible!GRAHAM：I’veneverbeenherebefore.ThisisfarbiggerthanIimagined.Andlookatthatwallpainting!It’ssobeautiful.ANDREW：Wow!Let’slookintheguidebook....Yes,that’stheHouseoftheSmallFountain,andthisonehereistheHouseoftheLargeFountain.GRAHAM：That’sright.Iwasreadingaboutthatlastnight.Butthisissomuchbetterthanthebook!YoureallygetafeelofwhatRomanlifewaslike!IV.SkillExercises返回目录ANDREW：Comeon,let’sgoandlookattheHouseoftheVettii.Theysaythatit’sthemostcompleteandimpressiveexampleofarealRomanhome.GRAHAM：Oh,sure!ThenIwanttogoandseetheAmphitheatre.Thisisgreat!7.听下面对话的录音并跟读。然后跟你的同伴用正确的语调分角色表演这些对话。IV.SkillExercises返回目录2.GeraldComptonisplanninga40thbirthdaypartyforhiswife,Margaret.Heandthechildrenaremakingalistofpeopletoinvite.DAD：...Well,ifweinvitedAuntieDaphne,wewouldhavetoinviteUncleGeorge,andthat’sabitofaproblem.JAMES:Oh,he’snotsobad—aslongaswedon’thaveanyrockmusic.DoyourememberhowhedancedatFrank’swedding!ANNA：Iwasn’tthere.IwishIhadseenit!SAM：Hewaswild!Ithinkweshouldinvitethemboth.AuntieDaphnewouldbesoupsetifyoudidn’tinviteher.7.听下面对话的录音并跟读。然后跟你的同伴用正确的语调分角色表演这些对话。IV.SkillExercises返回目录DAD：OK....AuntieDaphneandUncleGeorge...Andwhataboutth