2750d航空材料规范标准

,'T如T-SAE-+：AMt^matio'nalCroup?SS-VS,AMS2750D(R)AEROSPACEMATERIALSPECIFICATION航空材料规范PYROMETRY高温测量IssuedAPR1980RevisedSEP2005SupersedingAMS2750C.SCOPE:.Thisspecificationcoverspyrometricrequirementsforthermalprocessingequipmentusedforheattreatment.Itcoverstemperaturesensors,instrumentation,thermalprocessingequipment,systemaccuracytests,andtemperatureuniformitysurveys.ThesearenecessarytoensurethatpartsorrawmateriaIsareheattreatedinaccordancewiththeapplicablespecifications).该规范包括了热处理所用设备的高温测量要求。其中有温度传感器、测量仪器、热处理设备、系统精度检测和温度均匀性检验方法，以确保零件或原材料的热处理符合相应规范。Thisspecificationisnotapplicabletoheating,ortointermediatethermalprocessingunlessspecificallyreferencedbyamaterialorprocessspecification.除非材料或工艺规范专门引用，本规范不适用于加热或中间热处理。Thisspecificationappliestolaboratoryfurnacestotheextentspecifiedin3.6.2.APPLICABLE该规范适用于3.6.2中所规定的实验室炉。APPLICABLEDOCUMENTS:2适用文件Theissueofthefollowingdocumentsineffectonthedateofthepurchaseorderformsapartofthisspecificationtotheextentspecifiedherein.Thesuppliermayworktoasubsequentrevisionofadocumentunlessaspecificdocumentissueisspecified.Whenthereferenceddocumenthasbeencanceledandnosupersedingdocumenthasbeenspecified,thelastpublishedissueofthatdocumentshallapply.下述文件的有效版本从订货日期起构成本规范规定内容的一部分。除非另有专门文件规定供应商可对文件进行随后的修订版操作，当参照文件取消并无替代文件则应采用本文件的最新版本。ASTMPublications:美国材料试验学会出版物AvailablefromASTM,100BarrHarborDrive,P.O.BoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959.资料源于ASTM,地址：100BarrHarborDrive,P.O.BoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA网址：19428-2959.

ASTME207ThermalEMFTestofSingleThermoelementMaterialsbyComparisonwithaReferenceThermoelementofSimilarEMF-TemperatureProperties通过与类似电动势-温度特性的基准热电元件对比进行单一热电元件热电动势测试。ASTME220CalibrationofThermocouplesbyComparisonTechniques用对比法校准热电偶ASTME230StandardSpecificationandTemperature-ElectromotiveForce(EF)TablesforStandardizedThermocouples标准化热电偶的标准规范与温度-电动势表ASTME608Mineral-Insulated,Metal-SheathedBaseMetalThermocouples无机物绝缘和金属护套的普通热电偶ASTME1129StandardSpecificationforThermocoupleConnectors热电偶接头的标准规范PresentationofDataandControlChartAnalysisASTMMNL7数据显示与控制曲线分析图ASTMMNL12UseofThermocouplesinTemperatureMeasurement测温热电偶的使用echnicaiStandardsBoardRuiesprovidethat:"ThisreportispublishedbySAEtoadvancethestateoftechnicalandengineeringsciences.Theuseofthisisentirelyvoluntary,anditsapplicabilityandsuitabilityforanyparticularuse,includinganypatentinfringementarisingtherefrom,isthesoleresponsibilityoftheuser."wiewseachtechnicalreportatleasteveryfiveyearsatwhichtimeitmaybereaffirmed,revised,orcancelled.SAEinvitesyourwrittencommentandsuggestions.ght2005SAEInternational''?itsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,spying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofSAE.ACEADOCUMENTORDER:Tel:877-606-7323(insideUSAandCanada)''4-776-4970(outsideUSA)A1'"1?w""'-1-24-776-0790/EBADDRESS:LeadingOurWorldinMotion

LeadingOurWorldinMotionSAEAMS2750DAMS2750DSAEAMS2750D.TECHNICALREQUIREMENTS.技术要求CONTENTS目录Section段落TopicSection段落Topic标题Page页码TOC\o"1-5"\h\zTemperatureSensors温度传感器4GeneralSensorInformation.通用传感器信息…4SensorCertificateofComplianceRequirements传感器合格证要求4DegreestoMillivoltConversion温度与毫伏的转换4ThermocoupleCalibrationRequirements热电偶校准要求4ThermocoupleUsage热电偶使用方法5ExtensionWire补偿导线5WireRolls-CalibrationRequirements.金属丝卷盘校准要求5WireRolls-MaximumAllowableLength金属丝卷盘最大允许长度ReuseofTypeKandEthermocouplesasSecondaryStandardsorSATSensors二级基准器或传感器的K型和E型热电偶的重新使用0ExpendableBase-MetalTestThermocouple"U"Formula消耗性普通检测.热电偶“U”公式6ReferenceStandardSensors基准标准器传感器6PrimaryStandardSensors.一级标准器传感器6SecondaryStandardSensors.二级标准器传感器6TemperatureUniformitySurveySensors.温度均匀性检验传感器6SystemAccuracyTestSensors系统精度检测传感器7Control,Monitoring,andRecordingSensors控制，监测以及记录传感器7LoadSensors负载传感器;;7Instrumentation测量仪器i8Controlling,MonitoringorRecordinginstruments控制，检测或记录仪表9InstrumentCalibration(alsoseeTable3)..仪表校验(见表3)9InstrumentationRecords测量仪器记录10EiectronicRecordsInstrumentation电子记录-测量仪器11ThermalProcessingEquipment.热处理设备'11FurnaceClasses(alsoseeTables6and7).炉子等级(见表6和表7)11

AMS2750DSAEAMS2750DAMS2750DSAEAMS2750DCONTENTS目录Section段落Topic标题Page页码TOC\o"1-5"\h\zInstrumentationTypeBB型测量仪器12InstrumentationTypeC.C型测量仪器12InstrumentationTypeD.D型测量仪器13InstrumentationTypeEE型测量仪器13Instrumentation-RefrigerationEquipment测量仪器-制冷装置13Instrumentation-QuenchSystems测量仪器-淬火设备,一133.4SystemAccuracyTests(SAT's)系统精度检测(SAT's)13SystemAccuracyTestFrequency(alsoseeTables6and7)系统精度测试频率(见表6、7)14SystemAccuracyTestWaiver系统精度测试的终止14SystemAccuracyTestProcedure系统精度检测程序15.1ResidentTestSensors驻留检测传感器15AlternativeSystemAccuracyTestProcedure系统精度检测程序的更改18SystemAccuracyTestInstrumentation(alsoseeTables1and3)系统精度检测测量仪器(见表1、3)…18Records-SystemAccuracyTest记录-系统精度检测…183.5FurnaceTemperatureUniformitySurveys(TUS)炉温均匀性检验(TUS)18MultipleQualifiedOperatingTemperatureRanges多段合格工作温度范围19InitialTUSTemperatures初始TUS温度20PeriodicTUSTemperatures周期性TUS温度20TUSFrequency(alsoseeTables8and9)TUS频率(参见表8、9)20FurnaceParametersDuringTUSTUS时炉子参数…20FurnaceTemperatureatInsertionofTUSSensors插入TUS感应器时炉子的温度20LoadCondition负载状态21FurnaceAtmosphereduringTUSTUS时炉子气氛21FurnaceVacuumLevelduringTUSTUS时炉子真空度21BatchFurnaces,SaltBaths,ControlledTemperatureLiquidBathsandFluidizedBedFurnaces分批炉、盐浴炉、控温熔浴炉以及流化床炉21NumberofTUSSensors(alsoseeTable11)TUS传感器数量(见表11)21LocationofTUSSensorsTUS传感器位置21

AMS2750DSAEAMS2750DAMS2750DSAEAMS2750DCONTENTS目录Section段落Topic标题Page页码TOC\o"1-5"\h\zAlternativeProbingMethodforSaltBaths,ControlledTemperatureLiquidBathsAndFluidizedBedFurnaces盐浴炉、控温熔浴炉以及流化床炉探测方法的改变23ContinuousandSemi-continuousFurnaces连续与半连续作业炉23NumberandLocationofTUSSensors-VolumetricMethodTUS数量与位置一体积法23NumberofTUSSensors-PlaneMethodTUS传感器数量-平面法23LocationofTUSSensors-PlaneMethodTUS传感器位置平面法24TUSDataCollectionTUS数据采集24AlternativeTUSMethodsForContinuousorSemi-continuousFurnacesorFurnacesWithRetortsorMuffles连续和半连续作业炉或带保护盒或马弗罐炉TUS方法的变更24ProbingMethod探测方法..25PropertySurveys性能检验25TUSSensorFailuresTUS传感器故障25TUSPass/FailRequirementsTUS合格/不合格要求26RelocationofHotorColdRecordingSensorsforClassAorCInstrumentationA或C级测量仪表热或冷记录传感器的重新定位26TUSFailuresTUS故障,:26TUSInstrumentation(alsoseeTables1and3)TUS测量仪器(见表1、3)27TUSReportTUS报告27PrepublicationTUS's发布前的TUS28RadiationSurveys辐射检验283.6LaboratoryFumaces实验室炉283.7Records记录294.0QualityAssuranceProvisions质量保证措施29表格一SensorsandSensorCalibration传感器与传感器校验30表格二ThermocouplesandExtensionWire热电偶与补偿导线31表格三InstrumentsandInstrumentCalibration仪器与仪器校验32表格四ResolutionRequirementsforFurnaceChartRecorders炉子图表记录器的分辨率要求34Table5表格五ProcessRecorderPrintandChartSpeeds工艺记录器打印与记录纸速度34表格六PartsFurnaceClass,InstrumentType,andSATInterval零件炉等级、仪表类型和SAT周期35CONTENTS目录Section段落Topic标题Page页码TOC\o"1-5"\h\z表格七RawMaterialFurnaceClass,InstrumentType,andSATInterval原材料炉等级、仪表类型和SAT周期36Table8表格八PartsFurnaceClass,InstrumentType,andTUSInterval零件炉等级、仪表类型和TUS周期37表格九RawMaterialFurnaceClass,InstrumentType,andTUSInterval原材料炉等级、仪表类型TUS周期37表格十PermittedCalibration/TestIntervalExtension允许校验/检测周期的延长38表格斗NumberofTUSsensorsRequiredTUS传感器所取数量38Notes注释39Definitions定义393.1TemperatureSensors;温度传感器TemperaturesensorsshallcomplywithTable1andthefollowingrequirements.Exclusionsforspecificapplicationsshallbeaslistedinthefollowingparagraphs.温度传感器应符合表1和下述要求。除特殊应用外应列入以下各节。Temperatureshallbemeasuredbythethermocouplesspecifiedherein,orbyother'thermocouplesortemperaturesensorsthatpossessequalorbetteraccuracy(maximum..permittederror).ThermocouplesmaybemadeeitherfrombareorcoatedwireorMIMS'(mineralinsulated,metalsheathed)cable.Unlessspecificallynoted,requirementsapplytoall'temperaturesensormateriais."Sensor"asusedinthisspecificationisidenticalwith"temperaturesensor".Correctionfactorsforsensorsderivedfromtheirinitialorsubsequentcalibrationmaybeusedtoimprovetemperatureaccuracyandshallbeusedwhenrequiredbythisspecification.用本规范所规定的热电偶，或具有同等或更高精确度(最大容许误差)的其它热电偶或传感器来测量温度。热电偶可以由裸金属丝或带镀层的金属丝或MIMS(无机物绝缘、金属护套)铠装管。除非特殊注明，以上要求适用于所有温度传感器材料。本规范所使用的“传感器”名称与“温度传感器”同义。从传感器的初始或随后校验中所得到的修正值可用来校准温度精确度，当本规范需要时，则应采用该修正值。Calibration:Sensorsshallhaveacertificateofcompliancethatidentifiesthesourceofthecalibrationdata,nominaltesttemperature,actualtesttemperaturereadings,calibrationtechnique,andcorrectionfactorforeachcalibrationtemperaturetraceabletoNISTorotherrecognizedNationalStandard.CalibrationtechniqueshallcomplywithASTME220,ASTME207,orothernationalstandard.校验：传感器应有一个合格证。该合格证必需标明其校验数据来源、额定检测温度、实际检测温度读数、校验方法以及按NIST或其他公认的国家标准要求的每个校验温度的修正值。校验方法应符合ASTME220,ASTME207或其他国家标准。ConversionfrommillivoltstodegreesordegreestomillivoltsshallbeinaccordancewithASTME230orothernationalstandard.由毫伏值换算成温度值或由温度值换算成毫伏值应符合ASTME230或其他国家标准。Temperaturesensorsshallbecalibratedinthetemperaturerangewithinwhichtheyaretobeused.Calibrationintervalsshallnotexceed250F(140C)forallthermocouples,exceptthosethatarecalibratedatfixedpointsinaccordancewithASTMMNL12orothernationalstandard.Recalibrationafteruseabove500F(260C)ofTypeKandTypeEthermocouplesisprohibited.Extrapolationofcalibrationcorrectionfactorsabovethehighestcalibrationtemperatureandbelowthelowestcalibrationtemperatureisprohibited.温度传感器应在使用的温度范围内进行校验。所有热电偶的校验间隔应不超过250oF(140oC),根据ASTMMNL12或其他国家标准规定进行定点校验的除外。对K型和E型热电偶在高于500oF(260oC)使用后不允许再次校验。不允许在高于最高校验温度和低于最低校验温度的情况下外推校验修正值。ThermocouplesandTheirUsage:ThermocouplesshouldonlybeusedwithintherangeslistedinASTMMNL12Table3.1(RecommendedUpperTemperatureLimitsforProtectedThermocouples)or3.5(RecommendedUpperTemperatureLimitsforProtectedThermoelements),MNL12ASTME230Table6(SuggestedUpperTemperatureLimitsforProtectedThermocouples),ASTME608Table1(SuggestedUpperTemperatureLimitsforSheathedThermocouples),orothernationalstandardandthesensorsupplier.UseofthermocouplesnotconformingtotheserecommendationsshallbebaseduponcalibrationandrecalibrationintervalsrequiredinTable1ofthisdocument.热电偶及其使用方法：热电偶只能在ASTMMNL12表3.1(铠装热电偶推荐的温度上限)；或3.5(铠装热电偶推荐的温度上限)；ASTME230表6(铠装热电偶推荐的温度上限)；ASTME608表1(铠装热电偶推荐的温度上限)；或其他国家标准与传感器供应商列出的范围内使用。若热电偶的使用与这些推荐不符，则应按本规范表1要求的校验和重新校验周期进行。.1Thermocouplecalibrationintervalsspecifiedherein,whetherbasedontime,numberofuses,ortemperaturearethemaximumspermitted.However,compliancewiththeseintervalsdoesnotrelievetheuseroftheresponsibilityforensuringthatexcessivedrifthasnotoccurredundertheparticularconditions(environment,time,andtemperature)ofexposure.Usersshallhavesupportingdatasuchas,butnotlimitedto,SAT,TUS,andre-calibrationdataandwrittenprocedurescontrollingthereplacementofsensorsincludinglimitsonmaximumlifeand/ornumberofuses,asapplicable.此处规定的热电偶校验周期，不管是基于时间、使用次数或温度，都是最大允许值。但是，符合这些周期要求并不减轻有责任的使用者，确保在出现特殊情况下(环境、时间与温度)不发生过度的偏差。使用者应有基础数据(但并不限与此)，如：SAT、TUS、重新校验数据和控制传感器更换的书面程序，其中包括，使用寿命极限和/或使用数量。Extensionwireinnewinstallations(oneyearaftertheissueofthisrevision)shallconformtoASTME230or-nationaiequivalent.Extensionwireshallnotbespliced.Connectors,plugs,jacksandterminalstripsarepermittediftheyarethecompatibletype,i.e.theyhavethermoelectricpropertiesconformingtothecharacteristicsofthecorrespondingthermocoupletype-ASTME1129maybeusedasaguideforround-pinconnectors.ThermocouplecompositionandextensionwirerequirementsareshowninTable.5新安装的补偿导线(本修订版发行一年之后)应符合ASTM230或相关国家标准。不能绞接补偿导线。若接头、插头、插孔和终端接线条相互兼容，即它们具有相关类型热电偶特征的热电偶性能，则允许使用。ASTME1129可作为圆销接头的指导标准。热电偶结构与补偿导线之要求参见表2。Thermocouplesmadefromcalibratedrollsmaybeusedinlieuofindividuallycalibratedthermocouples.Rollsupto'1000feet(305meters)inlengthmaybesampledatoneend;rollsover1000feetshallbesampledatbothendsoftheroll(see).UsetheaveragecorrectionfactorcalculatedfrombothendsoftherolliftheindividualcorrectionfactorsfromeachendarewithinacceptablelimitsofTable.6用经校验的卷盘热电偶可用于取代单个校验过的热电偶。对长达1000英尺(305米)的卷盘应在其任何一端进行取样；若超过该尺寸，则应在两端取样(见)o若两端的单独校正系数在表1的许可范围内，则采用两端的平均校正参数。Therollcalibrationmethodshallnotbeusedforrollsover1000feet(305meters)ifthedifferencebetweenthehighestandlowestcalibrationreadingsofthesamplethermocouplesatanycalibrationtemperatureexceedstherequirementsin.2or.3,asapplicable.若取样热电偶在任何校验温度下的最高和最低校正读数之间的差值大于.2.和.3中的要求，卷盘校验方法则不能用于超过305米的卷盘。1F(0.6C)forprimaryandsecondarystandardthermocouples..一级和二级标准热电偶为1oF(0.6oC)。2F(1.1C)forsystemaccuracytest,temperatureuniformitytest,controlling,monitoring,recording,andloadthermocouples.系统精度检测、温度均匀性检验、控制、监测、记录和负载热电偶为2oF(1.1oC)oForrollsnotmeeting.2or.3:不满足.2或.3之卷盘Itispermissibletodividetherollintoshorterlengthrollsthatdomeettheendtoendtolerancespecifiedin.2or.3.允许将卷盘分割成短卷盘，使其符合.2与.3中规定的误差值。ItispermissibletouseindividualthermocouplesfromtherolliftheyarecalibratedinaccordancewithTable1.从卷盘中截取的单个热电偶按表1进行校验后可以使用。Themaximumamountofwire/cableinarollatthetimeofcalibrationshallbeasfollows:?在校验时卷盘中金属丝/铠装管的最大长度按如下规定：PrimaryStandardSensors200feet(60meters)一级标准器传感器2000英尺(60米)OtherNobleMetalSensors————————2000feet(610meters)其他贵重金属传感器2000英尺(610米)BaseMetalSecondaryStandardSensors—2000feet(610meters)AllOtherBase普通金属二级标准器传感器2000feet(610meters)MetalSensors5000feet(1525meters)金属传感器5000feet(1525meters)ForreuseofTypesKandEthermocouplesabove500F(260C)depthofinsertionshallbeequalto,orgreaterthan,depthofinsertionofanyprevioususe.对于500oF(260oC)以上重新使用的K型和E型热电偶，其插入深度应等于或大于以前使用的插入深度。Reuseofanythermocoupleisprohibitedunlesstheinsulationremainsintactandwiresincludingthehotjunctionarenotdamaged.Thesalvageofdamagedthermocouplesispermittedifthediscrepantportion[includingtheportionexposedabove500F(260C)forTypesKandEthermocouples]istrimmedoff,thehotjunctionremadeandthethermocouplerecalibrated.Ifthesalvagedthermocoupleoriginatedfromacalibratedwireroll,theoriginalrollcalibrationmaybeusedinlieuofrecalibration.Thenumberofusespriortosalvageshallbeincludedinthetotalnumberofusesofthethermocouple.何热电偶如果其绝缘物和包括热端在内的金属丝受损，则不允许再使用。对于受损的热电偶，如果将其受损部分(包括K和E型热电偶曾在500oF(260oC)以上使用过的部分)修剪掉，并且重新做热端，重新校验，则允许修复后使用。如果经修复的热电偶来自校验过的卷盘偶丝，则原始卷盘的校验值可替代重新校验，其修复前的使用次数应记入该热电偶的总使用次数。Recalibrationofanyexpendablebasemetaltestthermocouples(SATorTUS)isprohibited.Reuseispermittedsolongas"U"inthefollowingformuladoesnotexceed30.A"use"for"<testthermocouplesisdefinedasonecycleofheatingandcoolingthethermocouple.U=Numberofusesbelow1200F(650°C)+2timesnumberofusesbetween1200F(650°C)and1800F(980C).Expendablebasemetaltestthermocouplesshallbelimitedtoasingleuseabove1800F(980C).任何损耗性普通检测热电偶(系统精度校验或温度均与性校验)不允许重新校验使用。只要下述公式中U不超过30,则允许重复使用。检测热电偶的“使用”被定义为热电偶加热和冷却的一个循环过程。U=1200oF(650oC)以下使用次数十1200oF(650oC)到1800oF(980oC)之间使用次数X2。消耗性普通检测热电偶在1800oF(980oC)以上仅限一次性使用。RecalibrationofnonexpendablebasemetalTypeEandKthermocouplesusedbelow500F(260C),TypeJ,TypeN,andallnoblemetalthermocouples(SATorTUS)shallbeinaccordancewithTable1.对于在500oF(260oC)以下使用的非消耗性普通E和K型热电偶、J和N型、以及所有贵金属热电偶(系统精度校验或温度均与性校验)，其重新校验应符合表1要求。ReferencestandardsensorsshallcomplywithTable1.标准传感器应符合表1要求。Thereferencestandardsensortogetherwithaprimarystandardinstrumentshallbeusedtocalibrateprimarystandardsensors.应使用标准传感器和一级检测仪器合在一起进行一级感器校验。3.1.3PrimarystandardsensorsshallcomplywithTable一级传感器应符合表1要求。Aprimarystandardsensortogetherwithaprimarystandardinstrumentshallbeusedtocalibratesecondarystandardsensors.应使用一级传感器和一级检测仪器组合在一起进行二级感器校验。3.1.4SecondarystandardsensorsshallcomplywithTable二级传感器应符合表1要求。Useshallbelimitedtocalibrationoftemperatureuniformity,systemaccuracy,controlling,monitoring,recording,andloadsensors.其限用于温度均匀性，系统精度，控制，监测、记录以及负载传感器的校验。3.1.5TemperatureuniformitysurveysensorsshallcomplywithTable用于温度均匀性检测的传感器应符合表1要求。CalibrationoftemperatureuniformitysurveysensorsshallhavebeenperformedwithaprimaryorsecondarystandardinstrumentagainstaprimaryorsecondarystandardsensorinaccordancewithTable1exceptasspecifiedin.Seeandforlimitsonreuseofthermocouples.RecalibrationofTypesKandEthermocouplesthathavebeenexposedtotemperaturesabove500F(260C)isprohibited.温度均匀性检验用传感器的校验应使用符合表1的一级或二级检测仪器与一级或二级传感器来完成。但.中所述情况除外。参见与中的热电偶重复使用限制。已在高于500oF(260oC)以上温度使用的K、E型热电偶不允许重校。ExpendablebasemetalTUSthermocouplesthatare(1)usedexclusivelyunder1200F(650°C),(2)identified,and(3)preserved/protectedfromdamage(i.e.,crimping,excessivemoisturecontact,corrosion,etc.)betweentestsorremaininstalledonarackthatisprotectedbetweentests,maybereusedsubjectonlytothelimitationsofand3.1,1.10.NonexpendablebasemetalTUSthermocouplesinstalledonracksandusedexclusivelyunder1200F(650"C)shallbelimitedtonomorethan90usesor3years,whichevercomesfirst.损耗性普通金属温度均匀性检测热电偶，(1)仅使用于1200oF(650oC)以下温度的；(2)已鉴定过的：(3)在检测间或在检测之间存放于保护好测温支架子上，而未损坏的(即，皱折，过潮、腐蚀等)，可以再次使用，仅受与0制约。安装在测温支架上并仅使用于1200oF(650oC)以下温度的非损耗性普通金属温度均匀性检测热电偶，其使用应限于90次或3年，以先到者为准。3.1.6SystemaccuracytestsensorsshallcomplywithTable系统精度检测传感器应符合表1要求。CalibrationofSATsensorsshall'havebeenperformedwithaprimaryorsecondarystandardinstrumentagainstaprimaryorsecondarystandardsensorinaccordancewithTable1.See,,and0forlimitsonreuseofthermocouples.RecalibrationofTypesKandEthermocouplesthathavebeenexposedtotemperaturesabove500F(260C)isprohibited.系统精度检测传感器的校验应使用符合表1的一级或二级检测仪器与一级或二级传感器来完成。热电偶重复使用的限制参见,与0。已在高于500oF(260oC)以上温度使用过的K、E型热电偶不允许重校。3.1.7Control,monitoring,andrecordingsensorsshallcompj.y.withTable1..Expendablethermocouplesmaybeused,subjecttothelimitationsofand0.控制、监测与记录传感器应符合表1要求。根据与0限定下，可采用损耗性热电偶。Controlling,monitoring,andrecordingsensorsshallbeinstalledinthermalprocessingequipmentwithintheworkzone,orascloseaspossible,forcontrollingand/ormonitoringoftemperature,inconjunctionwithcontrollingand/ormonitoringinstruments.为了控制和/或监测温度，控制、监测和记录传感器应安装于热处理设备中的工作区内或尽可能靠近有效工作区，并与控制或监测仪表连接在一起。WhenaLoadSensorisusedasaControlSensor:将负载传感器用作控制感应器时：Calibrationshallhavebeenperformedbeforeuse.Recalibrationofbasemetalloadthermocouplesisprohibited(see).使用前需完成校验。不允许对普通负载热电偶进行重校。(见)Expendablethermocouples,whenusedasacontrolsensorarelimitedtooneuse.损耗性热电偶，如果用作控制传感器时只允许使用一次。Nonexpendableloadthermocouplesmaybeusedtocontroltemperature,subjecttothelimitationsof3.1.8.损耗性负载热电偶可用于控制温度，受限于3.1.8。3.1.8LoadsensorsshallcomplywithTable1负载热电偶应符合表1。Loadsensors,usedformeasurementoftemperatureofparts,simulatedparts,orrawmaterial,shallbeincontactwithorburiedintheloadduringthermalprocessing.用于测量零件、样件或原材料温度的负载热电偶，在热处理过程中应置于有效工作区内。Loadsensorsmaybeusedascontrolsensorsinaccordancewith.Whenaloadsensorisusedasacontrolsensor,nocontrol,monitoring,orrecordingsensorshallexceedthemaximumallowedprocessingtemperature.负载传感器可按规定用做控制传感器。当负载传感器用作控制传感器时，控制、监测、记录传感器不应超过允许的最高处理温度。Recalibrationofbasemetalloadthermocouplesisprohibited.Recalibrationfrequencyof?noblemetalthermocouplesshallbeeverysixmonthsafterfirstuse.普通负载热电偶不允许重校。贵金属热电偶的重校周期在首次使用之后为每六个月一次。Expendablebasemetalloadthermocouplesmaybeusedupto30timeswhenusedatorbelow1200F(650C)providedtherequirementsofsectionaresatisfied;theyarelimitedtooneuseabove1200F(650C).Nonexpendablebasemetalloadthermocouplesmaybeusedasspecifiedin.损耗性普通负载热电偶若满足规定之要求，在1200oF(650oC)温度或该温度之下的使用次数可达30次，高于1200oF(650oC)温度的只能1次。对非损耗性普通负载热电偶则可按之规定使用。Thelifeofnonexpendablebasemetalloadthermocouplesshallbedeterminedbytheoperatingtemperature(s).Recordsshallbemaintainedoftheaccumulatedthermocoupleuse(furnaceloadcycle).Maximumnumberofusesormaximumelapsedusagetime,whicheveroccursfirst,shallbeasfollows:损耗性普通负载热电偶的使用寿命应由工作温度来确定。应保留热电偶的累加使用(炉子工作次数)记录。最多使用次数或最长使用时间，从首次使用开始计算，应符合下列要求：2300F(1260C)andabove>2300F(1260C)1use1次2200°F(1205C)to2299F(1260C)10uses2200F(1205C)2299F°(1260C)之间10次1801F(980C)to2199F(1205C)30daysor90uses1801F(980C)2199F(1205C30天或90次1200F(650C)to1800F(980C)90daysor180uses1200F(650C)1800F(980C90天或180次Below1200F(650C)90daysor270uses1200F(650C)以下90天或270次Whenusedinmultipleranges,theshortestfrequencyorusageshallapply.Replacementof";aloadsensorearlierthantherequiredSATfrequencysatisfiestheSATrequirementfortheloadsensor.若在多范围内使用，则应取最短周期或使用次数。早于系统精度校验周期要求提前更换负载传感器应满足系统精度校验对传感器的要求。例1:?Asensorwith9usesat2250°Fhasonlyonemoreuseallowedinthe2200299Frangeoranyloweroperatingrange.?在2250oF温度下使用9次的一个传感器，仅仅还有一次能在2200-2299oF或更低工作温度范围内使用。?Nousesremainat2300°Forabove.?在2250oF或更高温度时，则不能使用。例2:?Asensorwith50usesbetween1400-1600Fisthenusedat1820F."个传感器在1400-1600oF之间使用50次，然后在1820oF使用。?Ithasalreadyexceededtheuselimitsforallrangesabove2199F.°沱已超出2199oF以上温度的使用极限范围，该温度范围不能再使用?Itisnowsubjecttothe90uselimitasithasbeenusedinahighertemperaturerange.碎它使用于较高温度范围时（译者注：1801oF-2199oF）,则受到使用90次的限制。例3:?Asensorwith50usesbetween1400-1600Fisthenusedat1015F.°?在1400-1600oF之间使用50次的一个传感器，然后在1015oF使用。?Ithasalreadyexceededtheuselimitsforallrangesabove2199°F.?它已超出2199oF以上温度的使用极限范围，该温度范围不能再使用?Itissubjecttoa180uselimitasithasbeenusedinthe1200-1800Ftemperaturerange.布在1200-1800oF温度范围内使用，则受到使用180次的限制。3.2Instrumentation（SeeTables3,4,and5）;3.2测量仪器（参见表3、4和表5）Outputofsensorsshallbeconvertedtotemperaturereadingsbyinstrumentsspecifiedhereinorinstrumentsofequalorgreateraccuracy.InstrumentsshallbecalibratedbyNISToranequivalentnationalstandardsorganization,oragainststandardswhosecalibrationistraceabletoNISTorotherrecognizednationalequivalents）accordingtoTable3.传感器的输出应通过本文规定的仪表、或同等精度以及更高精度的仪表来将其转为温度读数。仪表应按照NIST或同等国家标准机构，或其校验方法符合照NIST或同等国家标准机构要求的相应标准进行校验，且应符合表3要求。UsersshallreviewallinstrumentrequirementsinAMS2750DasnotallinstrumentsapprovedforuseinAMS2750Cwillmeettherequirementsofthisrevision.并非所有按AMS2750c被认可使用的的仪表都满足本修订版的要求，使用者应按AMS2750D的要求重新对仪表进行确认。Thefollowingrequirements（and）applytocontrol,monitoring,orrecordinginstrumentspurchasedoneyearaftertheissuedateofAMS2750D.control,monitoring,orrecordinginstrumentspurchasedpriortooneyearafterthepublicationofAMS2750DmaymeettherequirementsofAMS2750C.以下要求（和）适用于AMS2750D发布一年后购买的控制、监测或记录仪表。在AMS2750D发布后不到一年之前购买的控制、监测或记录仪表满足AMS2750C的要求即可。TemperatureresolutionrequirementsforfurnacechartrecordersshallbeinaccordancewithTable4.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z炉子图表记录器的温度分辨率应符合表4。ProcessRecorderPrintandChartSpeedsshallbeinaccordancewithTable5.过程记录仪打印和记录纸速度应符合表5。3.2.3Testinstrumentsshallbedigitalandhaveaminimumreadabilityof1For1C.°3.2.3检测仪表应是数字式的，最小可读值为1For1C.3.2.4Controlling,Monitoring,orRecording'Instruments:3.2.4控制，监测或记录仪表Atleastonerecordingand/orcontrollinginstrumentforeachzoneshallhaveaminimumreadabilityof1ForfC.每个区域至少配一台记录或控制仪表，最小可读值为1For1C.Installationofcontrolling,monitoringorrecordinginstrumentsshallconformtothemanufacturer'srecommendations.控制、监测或记录仪表的安装应符合生产厂商的规定。Offsets:Ifoffsetsareused,adocumentedprocedureshallexist,describingwhenandhowtoperformmanualandelectronicoffsets.Theprocedureshalladdresshowtoaccountforandreintroduceanyintentionaloffsets.Priortoreintroducinganyintentionaloffsets,anyinstrumentcalibrationerrorfoundshallbetakenintoaccount.Adjustments(offsets)greaterthanthoseshowninTables6or7shallnotbeused.修正值：如果使用修正值，应提供经确认的程序文件，阐明何时和如何完成手工和电子修正。该程序文件应规定如何计算和重新导入每个相应的修正值，重新导入相应的修正值之前，每个仪表的校验误差值，都应纳入计算。校正值(修正值)大于表6或7的不能使用。.1IfsubsequentinternalinstrumentadjustmentsoroffsetsaremadetoachieveTUSrequirements,theseinternaladjustmentsoroffsetsmustbeappliedduringsubsequentSATsper.1.Inaddition,ifsubsequentinternalinstrumentadjustmentsoroffsetsaremadetoachieveSATrequirements,theeffectontheTUSrangeordistributionshallbeconsideredastherangewillshiftupwardsordownwardsinresponsetotheinternaladjustmentoroffset..1如果仪表经内部校正或修正后达到温度均匀性要求，则这些内部校证或修正必'须应用在随后的按.1进行的系统精度校验中。另外，如果仪表经内部校正或修正后达到系统精度校验要求，应当考虑其对温度均匀性范围或分布的影响，根据内部校正或修正对该范围进行向上或向下调整。Controlling,monitoringandrecordinginstrumentsshallreceiveanunmodifiedsignalfromsensorsexceptforanalogtodigitalanddigitaltoanalogconversions,oradigitally-processed,error-checkedequivalentrepresentationofadirectmeasuredvalue.除了模拟-数字和数字-模拟的转换、数字化处理、或直接测定值的验错等效显示外，控制、监测或记录仪表应接收来自传感器的不变信号。3.2.5InstrumentCalibration:3.2.5仪表校验：Calibrationshallbeperformedontheinstruments)listedintheInstrumentTypecolumnofTable3.Regardlessofthecalibrationprocedureused,itshallcomplywiththerequirementsofTable3.校验应使用表3仪表型号栏目所列的仪表。不管使用的校验程序如何，均应按表3的要求进行。CalibrationaccuracyandfrequencyrequirementsshallbeinaccordancewithTable3.校验精度及周期的要求应符合表3。Calibrationshallbeperformedtothemanufacturer'sinstructions.校验应按生产厂商的说明书进行Calibrationofcontrolling,monitoringorrecordinginstrumentsshallbeperformedtothemanufacturer'sinstructionsor,ifthemanufacturer'sinstructionsarenotused,aminimumofthreesimulatedsensorinputsshallbeusedattheminimum,midpointandmaximumofthefurnaceQualifiedOperatingTemperatureRange.控制、监测或记录仪表的校验应按生产厂商的说明书进行。若不采用生产厂商的说明书，则应在炉子的合格工作温度范围内的最低、中间与最高点使用至少三个模拟传感器的输入量进行校验。Calibrationoffurnacecontrolling,monitoringorrecordinginstrument(s)maybeperformedwithaloadinprocess(forasingletemperaturerange)ifthefurnacetemperatureremainswithintheprocessingtoleranceandthefurnacetemperaturerecordisappropriatelyannotatedtoindicatethatacalibrationoccurred,includingtimeanddate.如果炉子温度保持在工艺公差内，并且炉温记录已适当记载了校验发生过程，包括时间和数据，则炉子的控制、监测或记录仪表的校验可工作过程中(只对单一温度范围)进行。Calibrationshallbeperformedoneachchannelinusethatcanbealteredoradjusted,orgroupofchannelsthatcanbealteredoradjusted.在使用中的每个能改变或调节的通道、或通道组都应进行校验应。Chartrecorder(circularandstrip)speed(s)shallbeverifiedannuallyandshallbeaccuratewithin3minutesperhour.图表记录仪(圆图式或条式)的速度应每年检查一次，精确度应为±3分钟/小时。Sensitivityshallbecheckedduringcalibration.SeeTable3footnote4.敏感度在校验时检查。见表3脚注4。InstrumentationRecords:测量设备记录：Astickeraffixedtotheinstrumentshallindicatethemostrecentsuccessfulcalibration.Asaminimum,thestickershallinclude:附在仪表上的标签需注明最近进行的成功校验，至少应包括如下内容：?Datethecalibrationwasperformed?校验完成的日期?Duedateofthenextcalibration?下次校验预定时间?Technicianwhoperformedthecalibration?完成校验的技术人员?Anylimitationsorrestrictionsofthecalibrationshallbeindicatedonthesticker.?校验的任何限制或约束应注明在标签上Theresultsofcalibrationshallbedocumented.Ataminimumthereportshallinclude:校验结果应出具文字报告，报告至少应包括如下内容：?Instrumentnumberorfurnacenumber?/仪表编号或炉子编号•Makeandmodelofinstrumentcalibratedv,被校仪表的种类和型号Standardusedduringcalibration■校验时使用的标准Methodofcalibration(manufacturer'sinstructions,threepoint)■校验方法(生产厂商的说明书，三点校验)Requiredaccuracy要求的精度Asfoundandasleftdataateachcalibrationpoint;<■每校验点所建立和保存的数据Offsetasfoundandasleft(asrequired)-<'•保留的修正值(必要的)Anyintentionaloffsetasleftv/任何有意识遗留的补偿Sensitivity(asrequiredbyTable3,Note4)灵敏度(按表3、4要求)Statementofacceptanceorrejection,合格或不合格报告Anylimitationsorrestrictionsofthecalibrationshallbeincluded■校验相关的任何限制或约束条件Datethecalibrationwasperformed校验完成日期DuedateofthenextcalibrationfA■下次校验预定时间Technicianwhoperformedthecalibration<,完成校验的技术人员•Calibrationcompany(ifnotperformedin-house)■校验公司(如果不是本单位内部完成)Signatureofthecalibrationcompanyrepresentative(ifnotperformedin-house)■校验公司代表人签名（如果不是由本单位内部完成）QualityOrganizationapproval.质量机构认可3.2.7ElectronicRecords:3.2.7电子记录An"electronicrecord"isanycombinationoftext,graphics,data,audio,pictorial,orotherinformationrepresentationindigitalformthatiscreated,modified,maintained,archived,retrieved,ordistributedbyacomputersystem.Whenusingasystem(furnacecontrol,recording,monitoringordataacquisition)thatcreateselectronicrecords,systemspurchasedoneyearaftertheissuedateofthisrevisionshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:“电子记录”是由文本、图形、数据、音频、图像、或其他信息以数字的形式用计算机系统对其进行创建、修改、保存、归档、检索或分类。当采用电子记录系统(炉子控制、记录、监测或数据获取)时，在本修订版发布一年以后所购买的系统应该满足下列要求：.1Thesystemmustcreatewrite-once,readonlyelectronicrecordsthatcannotbealteredwithoutdetection.该系统建立的电子记录应当是一次性写入、只读的记录，未经检验不能改变。Thesystemsoftwareandplaybackutilitiesshallprovideameansofexaminingand/orcompilingtherecorddata,butshallnotprovideanymeansforalteringthesourcedata.该系统软件与读出功能需具有检验与/或编译记录数据的手段，但不应提供任何更改源数据的方法。Thesystemshallprovidetheabilitytogenerateaccurateandcompletecopiesofrecordsinbothhumanreadableandelectronicformsuitableforinspection,review,andcopying.该系统应具有适于检验、审查和复制的易读和电子格式，对记录制作精确和完整复制的功能。Thesystemshallsupportprotection,retention,andretrievalofaccuraterecordsthroughouttherecordretentionperiod.Thehardwareand/orsoftwareshalloperatethroughouttheretentionperiodasspecifiedin3.7.在整个记录保存期内，该系统应具有对精确记录的保护、保存和检索功能。硬件和/或软彳^在3.7规定的整个保存期内应能进行操作。Thesystemshallprovidemethods(e.g.,passwords)t