高考英语非谓语动词复习

高考时态、语态复习直接考查时态、语态知识的试题主要体现在单项选择和改错两个题型中，而且几乎每年都会考到，因此必须将时态、语态问题作为复习的重点内容，务求达到深刻理解，熟练运用。近年来高考命题的特点是，在特定的语言环境中考查对时态、语态的理解。试题的意图往往隐蔽、迂回，迷惑项的设计技巧很高，容易干扰考生的思维。如果没有对时态概念的深刻理解，没有对语言应用环境的综合分析，便会对试题感到困惑。下面就相关知识进行一下全面总结：【时态相关知识及运用】1.一般现在时：经常发生的动作或规律性的动作。1)Eachpersonneedswaterandadietofhealthyfood.2)Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的概念。引起时间状语从句的连词有：when,after,before,until,assoonas；引起条件状语从句的连词有：if,unless;so(as)longas。Iwillnotstopmyfightagainstslaveryuntilallslaves________free.2.一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作，这个动作的全过程已经结束。诸如yesterday,last…,…ago都是典型的一般过去时的时间状语。1)Fortunately,Iwasintimefortheinterview.2)TheinterviewwentwellandItoldthecompanyaboutmyexperiencesandansweredtheirquestionsashonestlyasIcould.3.一般将来时：将要发生的动作。1)----It’sabitwindytoday,isn’tit?---Yes,itis.Hopefullytomorrowwillturnoutfine.2)Doyouthinkourmanagerisgoingtohaveanewfactorybuilt?4.现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。I’mdoingawordpuzzleinthisnewspaper.I’mtryingtofindthenameofafamousperson.Canyouhelpme?注意：现在进行时同always配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。Theyalsohavebadteeth,becauseofthesugarwhichtheyarealwayseating.5.过去进行时:过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。1）Heboughtacoffeeandasthetrainwastravelingfastandmovingfromsidetoside,hedecidedtodrinkitthereandnottocarryitbacktohisseat.2)Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.6.现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。1)Mr.BallhasjustcalledonMrs.Zhutogiveheramessage.2)WeshallhavetomakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavejusttoldyou.7.过去完成时：比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。1)Herparentsweredeadandhadleftheralotofmoney.2)IhadlearntEnglishforthreeyearsbeforeIcametoNo5middleschool.8.过去将来时：以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。Ithoughtitwasgoingtobefun.9.现在完成进行时：由过去开始，延续到现在或刚刚停滞或可能继续进行的动作。现在完成进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直┉”。Peoplehavebeentalkingofitalotrecently.Pippa’sparentshavebeenwaitingforthem.Foryearswehavebeendreamingbetterhousingandjobs.【时态主要考点】一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。上述三个时态在使用中容易混淆是因为他们有相近的地方，这个相近之处就是“过去”。现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去”有关，彼此之间的混淆便由此产生。只有抓住他们的不同，才能熟练地将这三种时态区别开。①一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。InapoordistrictinParis,intheyear1775,therewasawineshop,theownerofwhichwasMonsieurDefarge.②现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况：a)过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。----Wouldyougotoseethefilmwithmethisevening?----Sorry,Ihaveseenitbefore.b)过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到for、since,sofar一类时间状语。IhaveworkedinBeijingsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.(从毕业一直延续到现在)③过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题。过去完成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时。WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.进行时态的两种概念现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬间概念和阶段概念。①现在进行时的瞬间概念就是“说话的时候”。表示瞬间概念时，现在进行时的时态特点是，动作已经开始，正在过程中，但尚未结束。1）Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.2）I’mgettingonwellwithmyEnglish.过去进行时的瞬间概念通常用表示“点时间”的时间状语表达出来。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkthistimeyesterday.MotherwascookingwhenIcamehome.②阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。Heiswritinganewnovelthesedays.Theworkerswerebuildingabridgelastyear.将来时的五种动词形式1.will(shall)+动词原形。1）GothroughthegateandyouwillfindtheentrancetoBearCountryontheotherside.2）Thelightison.Iwillturnitoff.(表临时性的决定)2.begoingto+动词原形，用以表示“打算做某事”或“已经有迹象将要发生的情况。1）I’mgoingtocutthistreedown.2）Itisgoingtorain.(有迹象表明将要下雨，可翻译成“可能”)3.beto+动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止,必要性。1）Themessageisthis:youaretogotothehotelwhereroomshavealreadybeenbookedforyou.2)Ifyouaretobeexpectedbyothers,youshouldexpectothersfirst.4.willbedoing，在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来。Whowillbetakingoverherjob?Everybodyelsewillbewearingjewellery.5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词，因为瞬间动词不可能有“进行”的概念，所以不会产生歧义。Howmanyofyouaremakingthetrip?Isanybodyseeingyouoff?6.用一般现在时态表示按时刻表等的安排即将发生的动作。Youneedn’tbeinahurry.Thetrainleavesatsix.【语态相关知识及运用】语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。在语言实践中，语态和时态总是结合在一起使用，每一个时态都有同它相对应的被动语态形式。被动语态的基本形式：语态助动词be+过去分词。凡需进行时态变化时，只将be变为与其相应的时态形式，过去分词永远不变。动词do的时态、语态形式变化对照表主动语态被动语态一般现在时do(does)am(is,are)+done一般过去时didwas(were)+done一般将来时will(shall)dowillbe+done现在进行时am(isare)doingam(is,are)being+done过去进行时was(were)doingwas(were)being+done现在完成时have(has)donehave(has)been+done过去完成时haddonehadbeen+done过去将来时woulddowouldbe+done现在完成进行时have(has)beendoing没有被动形式过去完成进行时Hadbeendoing没有被动形式1）Manyofthemarewellreceived,suchasFollowMe;FollowMetoScience.2）Shipsandplanescanbewarnedsothattheycankeepoutofthepathofthehurricane.3)Theyarealreadybeingusedinagricultureandindustry.4)Computerwillbeusedmoreandmoreintransport.5)Anewgovernmentprogrammehasbeendesignedtohelpdisabledpeople.【1990-2003年高考试题选编】1.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe______.(1990)A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isgoingtoarriveD.isarriving2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks______tothenationasagift.(1990)A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3.WhenIwasatcollegeI______threeforeignlanguages,butI______allexceptafewwordsofeach.(1990)A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten4.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse______andalotofthings______.(1990)A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen5.--Haveyoumovedintothehouse?(1991)--Notyet.Therooms______.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting6.Thestudents______busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe______intheoffice.A.hadwritten;leftB.werewriting;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft7.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______yet.(1991)A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided8.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary______foralmostanhour.(1992)A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway9.--Doyouknowourtownatall?--No,thisisthefirsttimeI____here.(1992)A.wasB.amgoingC.cameD.havebeen10.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing,people_____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.(1992)A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto.11.Insomepartoftheworld,tea______withmilkandsugar.(1993)A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served12.--CanIjoinyourclub,Dad?--Youcanwhenyou______abitolder.(1994)A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot13.--______thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.(1995)--Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.'mtoldD.Itold14.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I______herseveraltimes.(1995)A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet15.Helen______herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________home.(1996)A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome16.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She______ataradioshopatthetime.(1997)A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked17.--Nancyisnotcomingtonight.(1998)--Butshe______!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised18.Shirley______abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.(1998)A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting19.--Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.--Iamtired.I______thelivingroomallday.(1998)A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted20..--You'veleftthelighton.--Oh,soIhave.______andturnitoff.(2000)A.I'llgoB.I'vegoneC.IgoD.I'mgoing21..--Howareyoutoday?--Oh,I______asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.(2000)A.didn'tfeelB.wasn'tfeelingC.don'tfeelD.haven'tfelt22.ThereportersaidthattheUFO______easttowestwhenhesawit.(2000)A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel23.Visitors______nottotouchtheexhibits.(2001)A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequested24.IwonderwhyJenny_____usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.(2002)A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten25.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness______.(2003)A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown26Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology______sorapidly.（2001）A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange27----Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?----I’msorryI______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.（2002）A.wasn’tsayingB.don’tsayC.won’tsayD.didn’tsay28Theprice______,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.（1999）A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown答案：1-5BABDA6-10DADDA11-15BAABC16-20BBDCA21-25DADAC26-28ADC【2004年高考试题选编】1Morepatients________inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated2SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople_______toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.A.beginB.beganC.havebegunD.hadbegun3Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou________advertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseen4Let’skeeptothepointorwe_________anydecisions.A.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.neverreached5---IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.---Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe________?A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left6----Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It________forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned7–WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?–Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_________totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstarting8Thecrazyfans________patientlyfortwohoursandtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait9She_________herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.A.wouldchangeB.haschangedC.changedD.waschanging10Thediscussion________alivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.hascomeD.came11Becausetheshop_________,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown12ItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847-1931)theworldleadinginventorforsixtyyears.A．wouldbe B．hasbeen C．hadbeen D．was13—YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.—Oh,I_______forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A．waswaiting B．hadwaited C．amwaiting D．havewaited14Shehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook________50million.A．havereached B．hasreached C．arereaching D．hadreached15-HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?-Ihavenoidea.He______itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone16－What’sthatterriblenoise?－Theneighbors_______foraparty.A.haveprepared B.arepreparing C.prepare D.willprepare17ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics_____by2006.A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted18.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945.andtheirpower______increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen19Thenumberofdeathsformheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople_______toeatmorefruitandvegetables. A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded20Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto________beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange21Accordingtotheartdealer,thepainting_____togoforatleastamilliondollars.A.isexpectedB.expectsC.expectedD.isexpecting答案：1-5DBAAD6-10DDBCD11-15CDAAC16-20BCCDA21A【2005年高考试题选编】1.(北京卷)He_________morethat5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15?A.haslearned B.wouldhavelearned C.learned D.hadlearned2.(北京卷)Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents__________alwayswherethey_________today.A.aren’t;are B.aren’t;were C.weren’t;are D.weren’t;were3.(北京卷)Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen__________andseehim.A.youwillcome B.willyoucome C.youcome D.doyoucome4.(北京卷)–Whydidyouleavethatposition?-I__________abetterpositionatIBM.A.offer B.offered C.amoffered D.wasoffered5.(广东卷)Yearsagowedidn'tknowthis,butrecentscience______thatpeoplewhodon'tsleepwellsoongetill.A.showedB.hasshownC.willshowD.isshowing6.(湖北卷)Whentheoldman______towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_____itselfbehindthemountain. A．started;hadalreadyhidden B．hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC．hadstarted;washiding D．wasstarting;hid7.(湖南卷)–Ifthetraffichadn'tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenhackby6o'clock.--Whatapity!Tina_____heretoseeyou.A.is B.was C.wouldbe D.hasbeen8.(江苏卷)29.They_______ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe________itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.A.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworkingC.havebeenworking;haveworkedD.haveworked;arestillworking9.(江西卷)—Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.—Oh!Ithoughtthey________withoutme. A．went B．aregoing C．havegone D．hadgone10.(全国卷3)Listentothetwogirlsbythewindow.Whatlanguage___________? A．didtheyspeak B．weretheyspeaking C．aretheyspeaking D．havetheybeenspeaking11.(全国卷3)－DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?－Oh,no,Iforgot.I________hernow. A．willbecalling B．willcall C．call D．amtocall12.（全国卷1）—Whatwouldyoudoifit____________tomorrow?—Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready. A．rain B．rains C．willrain D．israining13.（全国卷1）Thehero’sstorydifferentlyinthenewspapers. A．wasreported B．wasreporting C．reports D．reported14.（全国卷1）Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn’ttastelikeanythingI_____before. A．washaving B．have C．haveeverhad D．hadeverhad15.（上海卷）Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_______aroundtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sent B.weresent C.hadsent D.hadbeensent16.（浙江卷）1Mybrotherisanactor.He_________inseveralfilmssofar. A．appears B．appeared C．hasappearedD．isappearing17.（重庆卷）—What’swrongwithyourcoat?—JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome____onit.A.satB.hadsatC.hadbeensittingD.wassitting18（重庆卷）Millionsofpounds'worthofdamage_____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnighA.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused19.(天津卷)BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_______forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left20.（辽宁卷）Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstoknowwhatshe__________.A．hasdone B．haddone C．wasdoing D．isdoing21.（辽宁卷）Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which_______thePacific,andwemetnostorms.A．wascalled B．iscalled C．hadbeencalled D．hasbeencalled22.（天津卷TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_______theyknowaboutGerman.A.haveB.didC.hadD.do23.（湖南卷）SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn'tstoppedringing.People_____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phone B.willphone C.werephoningD.arephoning答案：1-5DCADB6-10ABADC11-15BBACB16-20CDACC21-23BDD【2006年高考试题选编】1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe______hereanymore.(全国1)A.hasn'tlivedB.didn'tliveC.hadn'tliveD.doesn'tlive2.—Youlookverytired._______atalllastnight?—No,notreally.I’mtiredoutnow.(全国2)A.DoyousleepB.WereyousleepingC.DidyousleepD.Hadyouslept3.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_________bynow.(全国2)A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.havebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted4.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe_______forthewedding.(全国3)A.willplanB.hasplanned C.wouldplanD.hadplanned5.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonroads______risingthesedays.(全国3)A.wekeeping B.keep C.keeps D.werekeeping6.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane________.(福建)A.takesoffB.istakingoffC.hastakenoffD.tookoff7.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames_______open,thewholeworldcheered.(福建)A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared8.Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandsthey_______putforwardareturneddown.(福建)A.couldBwouldC.不填D.had9.Theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.Shebefore.(广东)A.hasn'tflownB.didn'tflyC.hadn'tflownD.wasn'tflying10.Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkI_________tohalfadozenothergroups.(湖南)A.wasgivingB.amgivingC.hadgivenD.havegiven11.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty________,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.(湖南)A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld12.---Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand________now.（江苏）A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioning D.hasquestioned13Althoughmedicalscience_________controloverseveraldangerousdiseases,whatworriesusisthatsomeofthemarereturning.（江苏）A.achieved B.hasachieved C.willachieve D.had