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本卷第21页(共21页)2011高考英语完形填空精析精练说明文完形填空解题指导与训练10【考点定位】2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布说明文在完形填空中所占的比例不大,但是由于其能很好地考查考生对人、事或物的表达能力,所以在高考完形填空中也常有出现。说明文文体的完形填空难度一般低于阅读理解。在设空方而充分体现了对考生知识运用的要求:以实词为主,对名词、动词、形容词和副词等的考查比例约占90%,绝人多数题目的解答都要从全文的角度进行判断,这一命题思路体现了“语篇意识”。说明文文体的完形填空一般用言简意赅的文字,按照一定的方法介绍事物,解释事理,其最显著的特点是:开头点题,结构条理。考生做题的关键在于理清文章结构,把握全文大意。常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍,产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告和新闻报道等。这类文章主要有以下几个特点:1.内容的客观性。说明文客观地说明、介绍、解释或报道客观的人物、事物或发生的现象,使读者获取一定的信息或知识,语言直白,没有主观的评论或情感的抒发。2.篇章的条理性。说明文层次分明,脉落清晰,有条有理。有的按空间顺序进行说明,有的按时间顺序进行说明,有的按因果关系进行说明,有的按先主后次的顺序进行说明,有的先概述后举例,有的先举例后概述,也有的按事情的逻辑关系展开(如:解析为什么,如何做等方面的问题),等等。3.语言的朴实性。说明文的目的是让读者获取信息,明白事理,因此,文章的作者会用朴实、易懂和准确的语言或使用数据进行说明,不浮夸,不加描述和议论。【考点pk】名师考点透析解题技巧要保证答题的速度和效率,可采用下列解题技巧:1.根据上下文的词语暗示来选择。找到上下文的相关信息,特别是有暗示性的词语,就容易找到正确的选项了。2.根据上下文的行文逻辑来选择。短文是由有一定逻辑关系的句子组成的,任何一句话都不是孤立存在的,而是要靠上下文作依托,相互之间存在一定的联系。只要我们把握好了空格上下文的行文逻辑,再活用所学语言知识,就能选出正确答案。3.根据文化背景和生活常识来选择。有时,先前所积累的文化背景知识和生活常识有利于正确解答完形填空题。4.紧扣上下文,巧用排除法。有时,很难从正面确定答案,尤其是答案碰巧是一个你不认识的单词,而其他三个选项你都认识的时候,紧扣上下文,巧用排除法往往会给你惊喜。当然,有时一个技巧可以解一题,有时解一题需用到多个技巧和多项知识,而有时单凭语感就能找到答案。不管怎样,不断积累语言知识,丰富文化背景知识,提高快速阅读,特别是跳读的能力,借鉴上述解题方法加以多练,并不断进行反思和总结,就一定会享受到解题的成功感。【精选试题】精析精练(合肥市2010年高三第一次教学质量检测)Whenyourkidsweresixorseven,yousentthemtoschool.Didyoueverwonderwhatgoesthroughateacher's36asheorshetriestoteachyourkids?Didyoueverwonderwhattheteacher37fromyou,theparents?Parentscanbe38orsuspicious.Theycanbeofgreathelptotheteacher39beinneedofhelpthemselves.Someteachersthinkparentsaretoo40ontheirchildren.Hereis41oneteacherputsit."Iusuallyhavethe42ofparentscominginand43mehowmuchtheycareaboutthekids'educationandhowtheyreally44theirkids.Theytellmetheystandand45themcloselywhentheydotheirhomework.Sometimesthey46offerhelpwiththekids'lessonsasiftheywereteachers.Theychecktheirschoolwork,andaretoosensitiveto47.Theyblamethekidsoneverythinghavingtodo48school.Whenaparentasksmehowhisorherkidisgettingoninmyclass,myanswerusuallyis"Well,youknow,heis49agoodkid.Heisfineinmyclass.Maybeyoudon'thavetobeso50Teacherswantparentstoknowthattheyareprofessionalsat51withchildren.Theyhave52manychildrenandevenparents.Becauseofthis,teacherscanbe53ateducatingchildren.Teachersare54thatparentswanttheirchildrentodowell,buttheyknowmoreaboutwhatchildrenshouldbeabletodoatdifferentagesand55.36.A.heart B.mind C.soul D.spirit37.A.reflects B.results C.benefits D.expects38.A.effective B.attentive C.supportive D.positive39.A.but B.or C.thus D.as40.A.hard B.keen C.dependent D.crazy41.A.where B.how C.when D.why42.A.problems B.contracts C.accidents D.agreements43.A.advising B.examining C.telling D.instructing44.A.helpwith B.dealwith C.makeup D.giveup45.A.connect B.guide C.watch D.inspire46.A.even B.already C.still D.merely47.A.marks B.efforts C.pains D.words48.A.at B.beyond C.in D.with49.A.nearly B.really C.seldom D.hardly50.A.satisfied B.careful C.strict D.cautious51.A.working B.playing C.staying D.joking52.A.fed B.observed C.attended D.greeted53.A.pleased B.worried C.disappointed D.experienced54.A.content B.doubtful C.aware D.suspicious55.A.stages B.classes C.schools D.projects【文章大意】家长对自己刚刚上学的孩子抱有很大的希望,因此对孩子非常关注,但是老师毕竟是教育孩子的专家,他们对孩子的教育是很专业的,所以家长不必担心自己的孩子在学校的学习情况。36.B根据语境“你是否想知道老师脑子里想的是什么?”可知B项正确。Mind“头脑”。37.D“你是否想知道老师对你们的期盼?“expect”期望,盼望”,符合语境。reffect“反射,反映,沉思”;result“发生,产生”;benefit“得益于,得利于”。38.c家长可能会很支持老师,也可能怀疑老师的能力。Supportive“支持的,给予帮助的”;46.A此处用even,意义更进一步,更加形象地表示家长对孩子的关心。语意“有时他们甚至为孩子提供功课上的帮助,好像他们是老师一样”。47.A文中讲的是家长对自己的孩子的关心。家长对孩子的关心无非是孩子的成长和学习成绩,因此此处应该用marks“成绩,分数”。48.D他们就与学业有关的一切责备孩子。be/havetodowithsb/sth是固定用法,表示“关于,与……有关”。49.B根据语境可知老师此处对孩子是肯定的,故用really“真正地,确实地”。50.Cbestrictwith“对……严格”,是固定搭配,此处与前面第二段的倒数第二句照应。51.A句中提到“老师想让家长知道老师在教育孩子方面是专家”,work在此能够表达出老师跟孩子一起,教育孩子这层含义。52.Bobserve“观察,观测”。语意为“老师们已经观察过很多学生甚至家长”,从下面一句可知答案。53.D老师在教育孩子方面是很有经验的,beexperiencedat“对……有经验”,是固定搭配。其余选项不合题意。54.Caware“意识到”。老师们意识到家长想让孩子做好。Content“满足的”;doubtful“可疑的,不确定的”;suspicious“怀疑的”。55.A语意为“老师们知道在不同的年龄和阶段孩子们应该能够做的事情”。Stage“阶段,时期”,符合题意。(福建省龙岩市2010届高三第一次质量检查)Thejobofraisingchildrenisatoughone.Childrendon’tcomewithaninstructionmanual(说明书).Andeachchildis36.Soparentssometimespulltheirhairoutinfrustration(挫折),not37whattodo.Butinraisingchildren—asinalloflife—whatwedois38byourculture.Naturallythen,AmericanparentsteachtheirchildrenbasicAmerican39.ToAmericans,thegoalofparentsistohelpchildren40ontheirowntwofeet.From41,eachchildmaygethisorherownroom.Aschildrengrow,theygetmore42tomaketheirownchoices.43choosetheirownformsofentertainment,aswellasthefriendsto44themwith.Whenthey45youngadulthood,theychoosetheirownjobsandmarriage46.Ofcourse,manyyoungadultsstill47theirparents’adviceandapprovalforthechoicestheymake.Butoncethey“leavethe48”ataround18to21yearsold,theywanttobeontheirown,not“49totheirmother’sapronstrings(围裙带).TherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninAmericaisveryinformal.Americanparentstryto50theirchildrenasindividuals—notasextensionsofthemselves.Theyallowthemtoachievetheirown51.Americanspraiseandencouragetheirchildrentogivethemthe52tosucceed.Whenchildrenbecomeadults,theirrelationshipwiththeirparentsbecomesmorelikea(an)53amongequals.But54topopularbelief,mostadultAmericansdon’tmaketheirparentspayforroomandboardwhentheycometo5536.A.strange B.different C.new D.unlike37.A.noticing B.remembering C.knowing D.deciding38.A.influenced B.made C.controlled D.changed39.A.services B.standards C.rules D.values40.A.sit B.get C.stand D.rise41.A.adulthood B.girlhood C.boyhood D.childhood42.A.freedom B.space C.time D.money43.A.Adults B.Teenagers C.Americans D.Parents44.A.help B.join C.share D.provide45.A.gain B.pass C.become D.reach46.A.wives B.partners C.husbands D.couples47.A.seek B.invite C.try D.choose48.A.room B.house C.nest D.place49.A.connected B.held C.stuck D.tied50.A.serve B.treat C.describe D.recognize51.A.jobs B.plans C.dreams D.hopes52.A.dependence B.trust C.belief D.confidence53.A.friendship B.companion C.membership D.association54.A.known B.similar C.contrary D.due55.A.travel B.visit C.see D.live【解题导语】人生最难之事莫过于养育子女,本文将告诉我们美国家庭是如何来教养孩子的。36.B语意表示”每个孩子又都各不相同”,所以用different。37.C从上下文可知,由于没有如何养孩子的说明书,有时候家长不知道(know)该怎么办。38.A但养育孩子很大程度上受到文化的影响(influence)。make表示“使得,做”,control表示“控制”,change表示“改变”,都与语境不符合。39.D结合38题知,自然地,美国父母教给孩子的是一些基本的美国价值观(values),而不可能是service“服务”,standard“标准”和rule“法规”,据此选D项。40.c对于美国人而言,父母养育孩子的目的在于帮助孩子自立,用standonone’sownfeel.表示“独立,自立”的含义,属于固定表达。41.D根据上下文语意知,从孩提时(childhood)开始,美国小孩就有自己的房间了。B和C项都是片面的,因为小孩有男有女;A项则表示成年,不符合语意。所以选D项。42.A结合上文提到的(stand)ontheirowntwofeet可知,此处表示“随着孩子慢慢长大,他们有更多的自由(fredom)做出自己的选择”。43.B上文提到Aschildrengrow,这里应该是讲青少年(teenagers),他们能够选择自己的娱乐方式,选择跟自己分享(share)的朋友了。44.C参看第43题解析。help表示“帮助”,join表示“加入”,provide表示“提供”,都与语境不符合。45.D从常识判断,当孩子们从青少年时期进入(reach)成年期的时候,他们能自由地选第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nowadaysthewholeworldareworryingaboutadanger—globalwarming.Infactthisbeganalongtimeago.Yet,notallofusseemtorealizeit.Onedayaround30yearsago,theninemillioncitizensofLondonheardsirens(aloudnoiseofwarningmadebyaspecialmachine)alloverthetown.Emergencyservices.the36,thepolice,doctorsandnurses37by,readytogointoaction.Inrailwayandundergroundstations,peoplereadpostersand38,tellingthemwheretogoand39todointheemergency.ThiswasExerciseFloodcall.Londonwasn'tfloodedyet.Butitis40thatitwillhe.In1236and1663Londonwas41flooded.In1928,unluckily,quitea42peoplelivinginWestminster,theheartofLondon,43infloods.Andin1953,100peoplelivingontheeastern44.theLondonsuburbs,werekilledagaininthefloods.Atlast,theGreatLondonCouncil(市政厅),istakingactionsto45thisdisasterhappeningagain.Buttheflood46werenotbuiltuntil1980s.Andinthe47,Londonersmustbe48.Whenithappens.50undergroundstationswillbeunderwater.Electricity,gasandphoneserviceswillbeoutofaction.49willbeimpassable.Itwillbeimpossibleto50anyofthebridgesbetweenNorthandSouthLondon.51ButExerciseFloodcalldidn'tcause52amongLondoners.Mostpeopleknewitwasjusta53.Onecommentfromaladywhowas54alongtheEmbankmentwhenthesirenssoundedwas.“It'safloodwarning,isn'tit?Thewaterdoesn'tlook55tome.”36.A.soldiers B.firemen C.engineers D.repairmen37.A.hurried B.went C.watched D.stood38.A.books B.magazines C.maps D.dictionaries39.Awhat B.how C.why D.which40.A.believable B.true C.natural D.possible41.A.easily B.heavily C.strongly D.poorly42.A.many B.few C.lots D.plenty43.A.escaped B.killed C.survived D.drowned44.A.edge B.area C.part D.district45.A.resist B.keep C.prevent D.object46.A.walls B.channel C.shelter D.fence47.A.future B.past C.meantime D.end48.A.delighted B.prepared C.frightened D.encouraged49.A.Roads B.Power C.Messages D.Traffic50.A.see B.pass C.build D.cross51.A.Guess B.Remember C.Consider D.Imagine52.A.panic B.attention C.notice D.care53.A.design B.plan C.warning D.joke54.A.living B.walking C.working D.studying55.A.deep B.high C.shallow D.wide(北京市西城区5月抽样测试高三英语试卷)【解题导语】本文讲述了全球越来越多的人所关注的问题—全球气候变暖不是近年才有的,而是由来已久的。36.A【解析】根据前文括写内的内容可以推断出此处选A。37.D【解析】由后文的“readytogointoaction"可以推断出此处选D。本题稍难。38.C【解析】根据后文的“wheretogo"可知此处选C,。39.A【解析】疑问词+动词不定式结构中,疑问词做不定式的逻辑宾语,指物,故选A。40.D【解析】此两句意思是:伦敦还没有发洪水,但是将来可能会,故选D。41.B【解析】所填词修饰flooded,用副词,意思是:严重的,故选B,42.A【解析】句意为:有相当多的人住在威斯敏斯特。故选A。43.D【解析】根据空后的“inflood"可知此处选D。本题稍难。44.A【解析】由后文的“theLondonsuburbs"可以推断出此处选A。本题稍难。45.C【解析】根据后文的happeningagain可知所填词构成preventsb/sth(from)doingsth句型,故选C。46.A【解析】句意为:但是防水墙直到20世纪80年代才建成。故选A。47.C【解析】inthemeantime同时,故选C'。48.A【解析】句意为:伦敦人必须做好准备。故选A。49.A【解析】根据本句中impassible(不能通过的)的意思可知此处选A。50.D【解析】由本句中的bridge可以推断出此处选D。51.D【解析】破折写表示解释,后一句是作者的想象,故此处选D,本题稍难。52.A【解析】本句意思是:这次防洪演习没有造成恐慌。故选A。木题稍难。53.C【解析】根据后文的“It'safloodwarning,isn'tit”可知此处选C,。54.B【解析】根据空后的along(沿着)可知此处选B。55.B【解析】由前文的flood可知此处选B。

Tobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor;youmustbeabletoholdtheattentionandinterestofyourstudents,youmustbe1—speaking,withagood,strong,2voicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol;andyoumustbeableto3whatyouareteaching,inordertomakeitsmeaningclear.

4agoodteacher,andyouwillseethathedoesnotsitstillbeforehisclass;he5thewholetimeheisteaching;hewalksabout,usinghis6,handsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanations,andhisfacetoexpresshis7.Listentohim,andyouwill8theloudness,thequalityandthemusicalnoteofhisvoicealways9accordingtowhatheistalkingabout.Thefactthatagoodteacherhassomeofthegiftsofagoodactordoesn't10thathewillindeedbeabletoactwellonthestage,forthereareveryimportant11betweentheteacher'sworkandtheactor's.The12hastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart;hehastorepeatexactlythe13wordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart,evenhismovementsandthewaysinwhichheuseshisvoiceareusually14beforehand.Whathehastodoistomakeallthesecarefullylearntwordsandactionsseem15onthestage.

Agoodteacher16inquiteadifferentway.Hisstudentstakeanactivepartinhis17:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydon't18something,theywillsayno.Theteacherthereforehastosuithisacttotheneedsofhisstudents,whichisinhisclass.Hecannotlearnhispartbyheart,butmust19itashegoesalong.

Ihaveknownmanyteacherswhowerefine20inclassbutunabletotakepartinastageplaybecausetheirbrainswouldn'tkeepdiscipline:theycouldnotkeepstrictlytowhatanotherhadwritten.1.A.clear

B.slow

C.small

D.low2.A.frightening

B.fearing

C.exciting

D.pleasing3.A.actout

B.talk

C.say

D.repeat4.A.Listen

B.Look

C.Watch

D.Learn5.A.stands

B.sits

C.lies

D.talks6

A.tongue

B.words

C.legs

D.arms7.A.attention

B.thanks

C.feelings

D.sentences8.A.hear

B.see

C.think

D.guess9.A.making

B.changing

C.expressing

D.giving10.A.tell

B.express

C.show

D.mean11.A.things

B.differences

C.points

D.jobs12.A.actor

B.teacher

C.boy

D.student13.A.different

B.same

C.above

D.following14.A.read

B.known

C.fixed

D.written15.A.natural

B.bad

C.false

D.clear16.A.is

B.works

C.has

D.teaches17.A.group

B.party

C.class

D.play18.A.give

B.place

C.obey

D.hear19.A.invent

B.discover

C.teach

D.continue20.A.learners

B.watchers

C.actors

D.listeners1.A一个好教师首先要口齿清晰。B项意义不符,用C、D两项修饰speaking讲不通。2.Dclear,good,strong和pleasing都是用来说明一位优秀的教师必备的条件。pleasingvoice是“悦耳的声音”,教师讲课要让学生听起来舒服,故用exciting(激动的)不妥。3.A为了使意义表达得更清楚,教师必须能够把所教的东西表演出来(actout)。4.C观察一位优秀教师上课,你会发现他不是一动不动地坐在全班学生面前。首先,教师讲课的姿态是观察(watch)才知道的;其次,从词性上看,listen,look一般不能直接带宾语;learn语意不对。5.A用stand和前面的sit相对应。6.Darms,hands和fingers属于同一范畴。教师通常用手、臂和指头作手势来辅助教学。7.C在整个教学过程中,教师除了用手势,还通过面部表情来表达自己的思想感情。8.A听,你就会听见……9.B听他讲课,你会听到他那抑扬顿挫、悦耳动听的声音总是随着他所讲的内容变化而变化。10.Dmean意思是“意味着”。11.B在课堂上有表演天赋的好教师,并不意味着在舞台上就是想当然的好演员,因为教师的工作和演员的工作有着重要的区别。12.A13.B14.C15.A这里具体讲述演员工作和教师工作的区别:演员必须背台词,每次他扮演某个角色时,他都得准确地重复同样的台词,甚至是他的舞台动作和说话方式都是事先固定下来的,他需要做的就是使这些认真背下来的台词在舞台上表演得自然流畅。16.B一位优秀教师的工作则完全不同。这里是把教师和演员相比,故用works。如果选D项,用teaches,则是好教师和非好教师相比,意思为:“好教师的教学方法与其他教师的教学方法不同。”17.C学生们以积极的态度听老师的课,他们提问、回答问题。这些活动当然应该是在课堂上。18.C前面已有提示词obey。19.A教师不可能把自己所教的内容都背下来,他必须创造性地教学。这里进一步阐明演员的工作是事先设计好的,而教师的工作要随着情境变化的,要具有创造性。20.C许多教师在课堂上表演得很出色,但却不能参加舞台上的演出。WhilewatchingtheOlympicstheothernight,Icameacrossanincrediblesight.The

(1)wasswimmingandstartedwithonlythreemen.Foronereasonoranother,twoofthemhada

(2)

start,sotheyweredisqualified.Thatwouldhavebeendifficultenough,nothavinganyoneto

(3)

against.

Iwatchedtheman

(4)

offtheblocksandknewimmediatelythatsomethingwaswrong.NowI'mnotanexpert

(5)

butIdoknowagooddive

(6)

apoorone,andthiswasnotexactlymedal

(7)

.Ilistenedtothecrowdbeginto

(8)

thispoormanthatwasclearlyhavinga

(9)

time.Finallyhemadehisturntostartback.hwas

(10)

.Hemadeafewdesperatestrokes(划水)andyoucouldtellhewasexhausted.

Butinthosefew

(11)

strokes,thecrowdhadchanged.

Nolongerweretheylaughing,butbeginningto

(12).Someevenbeganto

(13)

thingslike,"Comeon,youcandoit!"andhe

(14)

finishedhisrace.Thecrowdwent

(15)

.Eventhoughherecordedoneofthe(16)

timesinOlympichistory,thismangavemoreheartthananyoftheother

(17)

.

Inacompetitionwhereathletesremovetheirsilvermedals,feelingtheyhave

(18)

beencheatedoutofgold,orwhentheyactso

(19)

infrontoftheircompetitors,itisnicetowatchanunderdog(败者),amanthatgavehisall-knowingthathehadnochance,butcompetedbecauseofhis

(20)

andthespiritofthegames.(1)A.view

B.event

C.game

D.match(2)A.false

B.nervous

C.strange

D.violent(3)A.fight

B.struggle

C.defend

D.race(4)A.set

B.bounce

C.dive

D.fall(5)A.swimmer

B.coach

C.judge

D.adviser(6)A.from

B.in

C.beyond

D.between(7)A.feature

B.quality

C.example

D.sign(8)A.breakoff

B.standby

C.laughat

D.focuson(9)A.happy

B.wonderful

C.vague

D.tough(10)A.hopeful

B.pitiful

C.boring

D.skillful(11)A.flexible

B.smart

C.awkward

D.excellent(12)A.support

B.quit

C.cheer

D.hesitate(13)A.speak

B.present

C.conclude

D.yell(14)A.eventually

B.hardly

C.successfully

D.nearly(15)A.wild

B.angry

C.sad

D.grey(16)A.fastest

B.luckiest

C.hardest

D.slowest(17)A.companions

B.competitors

C.volunteers

D.partners(18)A.somehow

B.already

C.even

D.anyway(19)A.poorly

B.carelessly

C.sharply

D.proudly(20)A.advantage

B.independence

C.determination

D.principle【文章大意】奥运会项目考验人的意志和精神,当我们为胜利者欢呼时.我们更应该同情失败者,为他们的孜孜不懈,永不言弃的精神而折服。(1)B【解析】考查句意理解。奥运会有许多比赛项目,游泳是其中的一项。event表示比赛项目,符合语境。而view表示观点,风景;game表示游戏;match表示火柴,比赛,竞赛。难度适中。(2)A【解析】考查上下文联系。根据下文前两位运动员惨遭淘汰;可知他们在比赛刚开始时范规出错。false表示不正确的,不真实,符合语境。而nervous表示紧张的;strange表示奇怪的;ziolent表示暴力的。难度适中。(3)D【解析】考查句意理解。一共三位选手参加比赛,有两位已遭淘汰,剩下的那位再也没有任何人和他竞争。race表示参加竞赛,符合语境。而fight表示打仗;打架;struggle表示奋斗;defend表示保卫,保护。(4)C【解析】考查常识。游泳刚开始时起跳。diw,表示跳水,潜水,而set表示放置;bounce表示使跳起,反射,转播;fall表示落下;跌倒。只有C项正确。(5)A【解析】考查上下文联系。运动员参加的是游泳比赛,可知作者认为自己尽管不是专业的游泳选手,但至少还能分辨出跳水动作的好与坏。而coach表示教练;judge表示法官。本题易。(6)A【解析】考查介测。from表示与……不同。而beyond表示超过,between表示在……之间。(7)B【解析】考查句意理解。因为这位游泳运动员起跳不好,所以就不是获取奖牌的质量,即不具备竞争力。quality表示质量;feature表示特征,容貌,特色,特写;example表示榜样;sign表示志。本题稍难。(8)C【解析】考查句意理解。运动员的糟糕表现招致观众的嘲笑。laughat表示嘲笑;breakoff表示中断,突然停止,脱落;standby表示站在旁边,旁观;focuson表示集中注意力于。(9)D【解析】考查句意理解。因为人们的嘲笑,故这段时间对运动员来说是艰难的。tough表示艰难的;棘手的,符合语境。(10)B【解析】考查句意理解。尽管运动员的表现不佳,尽管有人们的嘲笑,但他并没有放弃,所以这种坚持不懈的精神很值得同情。pitiful可怜的,令人同情的。难度适中。(11)C

【解析】考查句意理解。根据前文提到“desperate”和“exhausted'’可知选手在疲惫的状态下坚持,所以动作显得不灵活。awkward表示笨拙的,不灵活的。而flexible可变通的;灵活的;smart表示敏捷的;excellent表示优秀的,这三个词显然是形容好的运动员,均不符合题意。难度适中。(12)C【解析】考查句意理解。抓住关键词but,这里存在人们前后态度的对比,人们由嘲笑转为向运动员助威加油。难度适中。(13)D【解析】考查常识理解。有些人甚至大声地吼叫,为运动员加油。(14)A【解析】考查固定短语。运动员在人们的呐喊助威声中终于完成比赛,这里谈不上成功。eventually表示终于,最后。难度适中。(15)A【解析】考查句意理解。人们因他完成比赛,变得更加疯狂,显然人们被他的精神所折服。wild表示疯狂的,而angry,sad,grey都表示人们阴暗的一面。本题易。(16)D【解析】考查句意理解。运动员好不容易完成比赛,这说明他的速度比较慢。所以作者说他创造了奥运会最慢的历史记录之一。(17)B【解析】考查句意理解。参加比赛的显然是他的竞争对手。(18)A【解析】考查句意理解。由于认识上的错误,许多运动员因为没有拿到金牌,不知怎么的有一种被欺骗的感觉。somehow表示由于某种未知的原因,不知怎么的,而anyhow表示无论如何,不管怎么说。(19)D【解析】考查上下文联系。这里存在成功者和失败者之间的对比,当我们看到成功者骄傲地站在其他的对手面前时,更应该同情弱者。而poorly表示拙劣地,蹩脚地;sharply表示锋利地,锐利地。故选D。难度适中。(20)C【解析】考查上下文联系。本题要抓住andthespirit,可知失败者值得我们尊敬的是他们的坚定意志和在比赛中表现出的精神。

Thehistoryofmodernwaterpollutiongoes

(1)

toFebruary28,1931,whenMrs.Murphy

(2)

overherbackyardfenceandsaidtoMrs.Holbrook,“You

(3)

thoseshirtswhite?”Mrs.Holbrookwas

(4)

toadmittheywereaswhiteasshecouldgetthem

(5)thatordinarysoap.

“WhatyoushoulduseisthisFormulaCakeSoapwhich

(6)

againstthedullgreylookthatthefamilywash

(7)

had.”

Doubtful

(8)

adventurous,Mrs.HolbrooktriedtheFormulasoap,

(9)

didtakethegreyoutofherhusband’sshirts.Butwhatshedidn’tknowwasthatthewatereventually

(10)

intotheBlueSkyRiveGkillingtwofish;

ThreeyearslatchMrs.Murphywas

(11)

hershirtsandMrs.Holbrooksaid,“Howdidyouevergetyourcollarsso

(12)

,surelynotwithFormula?”

“NotordinaryFormula.ButIdidwithSuperFortifiedFormula.Yousee,itattacksdirtanddestroysit.Here,trysome

(13)yourshirts.”

Mrs.Holbrook

(14)

anddiscoveredherhusband’sshirtcollarsmmedpurewhite.Whatshecouldnotpossiblyknowwasthatitturnedtheriverwaterpurewhiteas

(15)

Sixmonthslater,theBlueSkyRiverwas

(16)

ahealthhazard.OnedayasMr.Holbrookwaswalkinghomefromwork.heaccidentally

(17)…theBlueSkyRiver,swalloweda

(18)

ofwateranddiedimmediately.Atthefuneralservicetheministersaid,“Youcansayanythingyouwant

(19)

Holbrook,butnoonecandenyhehadthe

(20)

shirtsintown.”

(1)A.straight

B.down

C.off

D.back

(2)A.1eaned

B.1eapt

C.stretched

D.sloped

(3)A.name

B.make

C.get

D.call

(4)A.shamed

B.ashamed

C.shameful

D.shameless

(5)A.without

B.with

C.from

D.by

(6)A.protects

B.promises

C.guarantees

D.ensures

(7)A.seldom

B.never

C.possibly

D.always

(8)A.but

B.and

C.or

D.though

(9)A.it

B.she

C.which

D.that

(10)A.left

B.emptied

C.reached

D.rushed

(11)A.hangingup

B.hangingon

C.puttingup

D.puttingon

(12)A.dirty

B.soapy

C.grey

D.white

(13)A.for

B.to

C.on

D.at

(14)A.refused

B.did

C.hesitated

D.understood

(15)A.snow

B.expected

C.usual

D.well

(16)A.stated

B.published

C.recognized

D.declared

(17)A.fellinto

B.swam

C.crossedover

D.drowned

(18)A.mouthful

B.drop

C.glass

D.drink

(19)A.to

B.about

C.asto

D.asfor

(20)A.best

B.oldest

C.cleanest

D.dirtiest【文章大意】本文介绍现代水污染的起源。两位家庭主妇,洗衬衫为了把衬衫洗干净,使用超强皂,并且把洗衣服的水排入河中造成水污染。最后其中一位主妇的丈夫不慎跌入河中,呛入污染水,中毒而亡。(1)D【解析】gobackto追溯到,回到。本题易。(2)A【解析】leanover探过身子。Mrs.Murphy从后院中间篱笆上方探过身子和Mrs.Holbrook说话。难度适中。(3)D【解析】因为Mrs.Murphy看出衬衫的颜色已无白色了,所以Mrs.Murphy奚落:Mrs.Holbrook:还能说这衬衫是白色的吗?call…white称……是白色。难度适中。(4)B【解析】遭到Mrs.Murphy的奚落,Mrs.Holbrook惭愧承认,beashamedtodosth羞愧地做某事。难度适中。(5)B【解析】Mrs.Holbrook承认这衬衫用普通香皂洗得最白不过如此了。with表示用……工具。本题易。(6)C

【解析】Mrs.Murphy向Mrs.Holbrook夫人推荐使粥“FormulacakeSoap”,它能保证把家人穿成灰色难看的衣服洗白。难度适中。(7)D【解析】由于家庭洗衣皂去污力差,所以洗过的衣服即使原来是白色也总变成灰色。所以用always。难度适中。(8)A【解析】因为doubtful和adventurous是对立的形容词所以中间用连词but连接。本题易。(9)C【解析】空白前面的逗号表明这里是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为theFormulasoap,它(15)D【解析】用过这种超强配方洗农皂之后Mrs.Holbrook不可能知道是这洗衣皂把水也变白了。本题稍难。(16)D【解析】六个月之后,(环境部门)宣布BlueskyRiver威胁公众健康。难度适中。(17)A【解析】一天Mr.Holbrook下班步行回家不慎跌入BlueskyRiver。fallinto坠入,跌入。难度适中。(18)A【解析】根据语境可知。Mr.Holbrook跌入河之后咽了一大口水。amouthfulof满满一口的……。本题易。(19)B【解析】saysth.aboutsb对某人评述。在Mr.Holbrook先生的葬礼上,牧师说:你可以任意评说Mr.Holbrook,但无人能否认他穿的衬衫是本镇最干净的。难度适中。(20)C【解析】根据文章大意不难选出C项。本题易。

Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.1,illnessoraccidentsmayoccurwithoutany2.Frequentlythepersonwhois3canbecaredforathomeifthereissomeone4oflookingafterhimunderthedoctor’s5.Sometimesarrangementscanbe6foravisitingnursetogivethenecessary7onceaday,oroften,ifnecessary.Theresponsibleoneinthehome8onwiththerestofthecareduringthe9betweenthenursesvisit.

Therapiddiagnosis(诊断)andimmediatetreatment10thespotofanaccidentorsuddenillness,11awaitingthearrivalofdoctors,iscalledthefirstaidandquite12fromhomenursing.

Whenillnessdoescome,thewholefamilywere13.Manyadjustmentshavetobemade14thefamilyroutineneedn’tbe15completely.Oftenitcanberearrangedwithhomedutiessimplifiedtosavetimeandenergy,thusreducing16onthefamily.The17responsibilityforgivingnursingcareisusually18byoneperson,frequentlythemother.19,inordershemayhavesomemuchneededrest,or20sheherselfisill,othermembersofthefamilyshouldlearnhowtohelpwhensicknessoccurs.1.A.Apparently

B.Unfortunately

C.Naturally

D.Occasionally2.A.reason

B.information

C.warning

D.notice3.A.ill

B.healthy

C.weak

D.patient4.A.suitable

B.efficient

C.appropriate

D.capable5.A.direction

B.introduction

C.decision

D.education6.A.taken

B.made

C.put

D.supplied7.A.care

B.cure

C.treatment

D.concern8.A.works

B.carries

C.depends

D.looks9.A.occasion

B.turn

C.interval

D.holiday10.A.at

B.in

C.from

D.on11.A.while

B.before

C.as

D.where12.A.separate

B.escape

C.prevent

D.different13.A.interfered

B.affected

C.protected

D.suffered14.A.if

B.and

C.but

D.since15.A.prepared

B.controlled

C.managed

D.disturbed16.A.strain

B.trouble

C.worry

D.pain17.A.technical

B.whole

C.unimportant

D.reasonable18.A.calledout

B.gaveup

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