动物试验英文写作

Intheworldmanygroupsandorganizationsaredebatingwhetherornotanimaltestingshouldbebanned.Somepeoplebelievethattherearereasonswhyanimaltestingshouldbedone.Othersbelievethatanimaltestingismorallywrong.Someexpertsalsofeelthatthereareotheroptionsavailable.Theresearchprovesthatbecausethereareotheroptionsavailable,animaltestingshouldbebanned.AnimalTestingTherehasbeenmuchcontroversyaboutusinganimalsinexperimentsfordecades.Peopleargueaboutdifferentalternativesforanimaltestingandtheinhumanewayscientiststreattheseanimalsinexperiments.Thistopiccausessomuchcontroversybecausethereareethicalissuestoconsidersuchasthetreatmentoftheanimalsandthereasoningbehindtestingontheseanimalsifit’sforagreatercauseornot.Asofnow,Iamforanimaltestingformanybeneficialreasonsthatcomeoutofanimaltesting.Althoughinsomecasesanimalsmaybeabused,therehavebeensomanydiscoverieswithmedicinewithtestingthesedrugsonanimals.UntilwefindabetterwayoftestingdrugsIbelieveanimaltestingisethical.Theresearchthathasbeengatheredfromanimalshassurpassedanythingscientistscouldhopefor.Sowhywouldsuchahighlydebatabletopicarisefromsuchgreataccomplishments?Scientistsuseanimalstotestatheoryandthenaltertheirtheoriesbaseduponthevaluableinformationgatheredfromeachexperiment.Animalrightsactivistsbelievethatanimalsareusedforpointlesstestsandsuffertremendously.Theytendtolookasidefromthefactsthatanimalshavegivenmillionsaroundtheworldanewoutlookonlife,andwouldratherseeonlythenegativesideeffectsofanimaltestingwhichfaroutweighsthepositivethingsanimaltestinghascontributedtothemedicalworld.Theydon’trealizethattheanimalstheybelievearebeingharmed,havenotonlyimpactedtheirlivesinsomeway,buthaveimpactedtheirfamilies,friends,andchildrenbyprovidingpeoplewithvaccinesandantibioticswhicharedeservingofmoreaccreditationthanwhattheylabelthem.Millionsoflivesaresavedeveryyearbecauseofoneanimal’sresultstoeitheradrugornewformofsurgery,andIbelieveinsteadofbelievingthatananimal’slifewasawaste;Iviewitinsteadasthenextstepinbetteringpeople’slivesforhundredsofyearstocome.Animaltestingisthemostpredominantformsoftestingusedbyscientists;theresultstheyyieldbringanewoutlookonlifeformillionsaroundtheworld.Animaltestingshouldbeoutlawedbecauseitishurtfulandnotnecessary.Doanimalsfeelthesamepainthatweashumansfeel?Howdoweknowthatotherhumansfeelpain?Weknowthatweourselvescanfeelpain.Weknowthisfromdirectexperienceofhavingyourfingerslammedinadrawer,orstubbingyourtoeonachair.Itissaidthatpainisamentalevent;somethingthatcannotbeobserved.Painissomethingthatisfelt,andwecanonlyassumethatotherhumansfeelpainfromexternalindicationssuchasourownlikecrying,screaming,orjerkingawayfromsomething.Ifwecanjustifythatotherhumansfeelpain,whyisitsaidthatanimalsdonotfeelpain?Whenananimalispoked,burned,orsteppedon;theywillcry,yelp,orjerkaway.Sincetheexternalindicatorsarethesame,wecanassumethatanimalsfeelthesamepainthatweashumansfeel.Animalprotectionadvocatesstressthatthemaindisadvantageofanimaltestingistheinhumanetreatmentofanimalsintestsduetothefactthatanesthesiaforthehelpofpainisoftennotused.Scientistssaythatusinganesthesiawillinterferewithtestresults.Teststhatareperformedonanimalsrangefromthembeingforcedtoingestdifferenthouseholdcleaningproductsandthenmonitoredtoseetheresultsandnewcosmeticsplacedontheirskintofindoutifthereareanysideeffectsthatwouldbeharmfultoahuman.Thereareevensomepracticeswhereanimalsareforcedtoingestamedicinebeforeitisputonthemarkettomakesurethattherearenolife-threateningillnessesthatwillbecausedtoahumanfromtakingtheproduct.InordertotestcorrosivechemicalslikeSavageAcidandGoodbyeGraffiti,rabbitsbacksareshavedandcorrosivechemicalsareappliedontotheirrawskinandleftforuptotwoweeks.Thechemicalsburntheskinandtherabbitsaregivennopainrelief.Afterthetestingperiodtherabbitsusedarethenkilled.

ofviolenceinthemodernworld.Todaytheterm“vivisection”isused.Vivisectionisdefinedas“cuttingwhilestillalive”butitismorecommonlyusedtodayasanyharmfulexperimentortestthatisperformedonananimal.Animalexperimentationinvolvestheincarcerationofanimalsandpoisoning,mutilation,diseaseandkillingofthoseindividuals.Itisarguablythepecharstici

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mpaniesmarketinththetekilledanadollarsa?5testona^rnalsin?CoverGirl,Dial(ProductsIncorporateSee别2pUSBsinmentalprotectionAgencyrequiresbylawthatofviolenceinthemodernworld.pecharstici

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mpaniesmarketinththetekilledanadollarsa?5testona^rnalsin?CoverGirl,Dial(ProductsIncorporateSee别2pUSBsinmentalprotectionAgencyrequiresbylawthatJgs,whichareshovedinto"inhalationhvaintoescapethedeadlypoisonsthatTheFoodandDrugAdministrationrequiresdc^Jroductstoswabtheteethof200ratseeks,atwhichtimetheanimalsare^dinanovenforanhourandyourtaxIJF..,efortwdsbasofexperiments.SomebusinessesthatKX,Clairol,CalvinKleinCosmetics,Johnson&Johnson,andPlaytexAmazonPrice:$34.95ListPrice:$40.00Itissaidthatanestimated50,000animalsdieduetothetestingonthemthatProctorandGambleperformsonthemeveryyear.“Secretly-filmedvideoevidenceofP&GsponsoredexperimentsatHuntingdonLifeSciences(amajormulti-nationalcontractanimaltestingcompany)showsthebrutaltreatmentandkillingof48monkeys.”(Murray-West,R,2005)OneotherbusinessthatperformedtestingonanimalswasIAMS.Iknow,youwouldn’tthinkthatacompanythatmadefoodforyourpettokeepthemhealthywouldtestonanimalsmuchlikeyourpets.SomeoftheteststhatIAMSperformedwere:

28femalecatshadtheirabdomenscutopenandsolutioninjectedrepeatedlyintotheirbowels.24youngdogsweregivenkidneyfailurebytheremovalofonekidneyandthedamagingoftheother.Allthedogswerekilledafterbeingfedanexperimentaldietandtheirkidneysanalyzed.18youngGreatDaneswerefedondifferingdietsandateighteenmonthsofage.Theirbonesfromtheirfrontandbackrightlegswerecutoutandthenstresseduntiltheybroke.Pigswerealsousedinsimilarexperiments.Sincecosmeticsandhouseholditemsarenotrequiredtobetestedonanimalsandsincetherearenon-animalalternatives,itisdifficulttounderstandwhycompaniescontinuetoconductthesecrueltestsonanimals.Thetwomainreasonsthatallcompaniesdonotbecomecrueltyfreeare:thefearforhumansafetyandthefearofproductliabilitysuits.Foundedin1981wasJohnsHopkinsCenterforAlternativestoAnimalTesting(CAAT),aplacethatisdedicatedtohelpingfindnewmethodstoreplacethelaboratoryanimalsthatisbeingtestedon.TheCAATvisionstates:“Tobealeadingforceinthedevelopmentanduseofreduction,refinement,andreplacementalternativesinresearch,testing,andeducationtoprotectandenhancethehealthofthepublic.”(CAAT)Themaindisadvantagestoanimaltests,accordingtoJohnFrazierandAlanGoldberg,ofCAAT,are:"Animaldiscomfortanddeath,species-extrapolationproblems,andexcessivetimeandexpense."(CAAT)RevlonCosmeticswasoneofthefirstlargecompaniestofundtheresearchforalternativetestingwithacontributionof$750,000totheRockefellerUniversityin1979.Keepinmindthat,whilecompaniessearchforalternatives,animaluseactuallyINCREASESbecausetheoldtest(usinganimals)mustbedonealongsidethenewtest(withoutanimals)toensureconsistentresults.Sowhattypesofalternativesarebeingusedtoday?Themostcommonalternativesthatareusedtodayare:in-vitrotests,computersoftware,andevenhuman“clinicaltests”.Theuseofanimalcells,organs,andtissueculturesarealsodeemedasalternatives,howeveranimallivesarestillsacrificedfortheuseoftheirparts.Howcansomeonethatkillsadoginthemiddleofastreetinbroaddaylighthaverepercussionstoabidebybutthecompaniesthatslowlykillanimalswiththeteststhattheyperformonthemnothaveanyrepercussionstopay?Therearelawsinplaceforthesafetyofanimalsthatareonourstreetsorthatlivewithusascompanions,buttherearenolawsthatsayitiswrongforbusinessestosliceadogopenwhileitisstillalivewithnoanesthesiajusttotaketestsofitskidney.Theanimalscannottellthescientistthattheydon’twanttobetestedon,buthuma