土建监理工程师个人工作总结土建监理工程师个人总结

第46页共46页土建监理工程师个人工作总结|土建监理工程师个人总结土建监理工程师个人工作总结一年的时间很快过去了，在这一年多时间里，我在公司领导、部门领导和同事们的关心与帮助下，工作能力与专业技术有了更进一步的提高。在这年终岁末之时，总结自己工作中的成绩和收获，从而找出不足，以利于今后能够更好的完成工资任务，也衷心希望大家对总结不妥之处给予指正，对我来说是极大的帮助。在过去的一年多时间里，我在xx项目一组团担任土建监理工程师职务，该项目涉及到土建、电气设备、园林工艺、市政管网等多种专业，是比较大的综合性项目，作为土建监理工程师的我，感到任重而道远，特别是高层建筑施工，工程量大而且施工难度和质量要求都比较高，针对该特点，在项目监理部总监及总代的带领下，制定了具有针对性的、切实可行的监理方案。从基础到主体，每道施工工序严格按照监理规范、图纸设计和国家现行施工质量验收规范实施监理工作，以抓好对建筑材料的质量控制和对施工工艺的质量控制为重点工作，确保建筑物结构安全，对工程所需的原材料审查其材料质保单、复检报告、见证取样、送检，审查其试验结果，确保原材料质量。在高层主体施工中严格检查钢筋的绑扎质量和钢筋的保护层厚度以及砼的浇筑振捣，对各施工过程中的巡视、检查所发现的问题及时采用口头形式或书面形式通知施工单位项目部，做到发现问题及时向总监汇报，并督促施工单位落实整改及进行再次的复核检查，并要求监理人员做好关键部位的旁站监理，尽自己最大的努力做好监理控制质量的事前与事中控制，尽职尽职的做好我应该做的工作，坚持了严格按图、按规范、合同实施监理，确保各分项、分部工程的合格验收。在1-5_楼及37_楼主体结构施工现场的监理工作中，我深感自己对主体结构工程的不足之处，对此我查阅了大量的技术规范和施工验收规范，通过自身的学习和实践掌握了与主体结构相关的技术和经验，从主体结构的模板搭设到钢筋安装和砼浇筑，严格检查每道工序施工质量，钢管构件、钢筋型号、钢筋锚固、搭接长度，钢筋原材及半成混凝土等进场后，均认真审核相关资料是否齐全，核对质保资料与材料批号是否一致，同时对有关材料进行见证取样送检，全部符合设计及规范要求。特别是钢筋及混凝土的质量，要求施工方按规范要求进行了见证取样、送检，保证了主体结构的工程质量。根据工程特点及影响工程质量的关键部位，审核承包人提交的施工组织设计，并针对其不足之处提出改进意见，核查进厂材料的原始凭证、检测报告等质量证明文件。并做好事前控制，确保工程质量及安全事故不发生或少发生。例如：冬季施工，气温较低，砼浇灌、砌体砌筑、墙壁抹灰等都不易保证质量，因此要求施工单位提供冬季施工方案，提前预防，避免冻害发生。对重要工程部位及易出现质量问题的分部工程制定质量预检措施，例如：土建工程混凝土浇筑工程施工中，梁板、柱是工程的重点部位，涉及到模板、钢筋绑扎、砼浇灌等多道工序，一旦疏忽就可能造成工程质量事故，一旦出现质量问题后果严重，因此在该部位施工中，加强监控，采取旁站监理措施，严格监理各部位的施工，并对影响施工质量的因素事前提出，要求施工单位编制预防措施及施工方案，从而保证了梁板、柱的施工质量。为加强事中控制，在监理xx公司施工队的施工过程中，发现该队伍使用的商混存在质量问题，使其局部楼板存在开裂现象，虽然承包商有实验室的质检报告，但本着为业主负责的态度，及时对该批混凝土采取平行检验手段进行抽检，确信其各项强度指标满足设计要求后方允许施工单位使用。该队伍在砌体砌筑、墙壁抹灰施工中也存在质量问题，为保证施工质量，本人及时下发监理通知并要求施工单位对质量有缺陷的部位做修补处理，并达到设计、规范要求的质量标准。在监理工作中，要求施工单位在施工过程中，按照设计内容、设计要求、施工验收规范，按质、按量施工，确保了施工质量、无安全隐患。在各工序施工中，要求施工单位严格执行国家和地方有关施工质量报验制度，对施工单位交验的有关施工质量报表和隐蔽资料及时检查签认，根据设计文件及承包合同中有关工程量计算的规定，对承包单位申报的已完工程的工程量进行审核、签认并做好记录。监理记录是工程监理不可缺少的环节，本人有完整而充分的监理日记，旁站记录及安全监理日记，详细的记录了每天施工现场的有关情况，为公平的解决业主与承包商的争端提供可靠依据。本人在一组团工地的监理过程中，积极协调各单位间的关系，使它们相互配合，相互支持，搞好衔接，保证了施工质量和进度的按期完成。通过上述工作，本人完成了一组团1_楼、2_楼1、2单元、3_楼1、2单元主体结构的土木建筑工程的监理情况，一年多的监理工作收获很大，但也有不足，例如：本人是建筑工程管理专业的，对水电专业知识了解不多，有些工艺要求不十分熟悉，而监理行业要求监理工程师应具备多学科、多行业丰富的知识，因此本人在各学科专业知识方面，还需继续努力学习，不断提高自己的业务能力和专业水平。总之，一年多的工作给我的体会是作为一名监理工程师不仅要具备丰富的专业知识，而且还要有较强的沟通协调能力，只有不断提高自己的专业技术水平和业务能力、提高自己的沟通能力和环境的适应能力，才能更好的服务于工程的建设，才能使自己得以更好的发展。在工作中各种不同的压力对我来说也是一种难得的挑战和考验，尽管一年来的工作中有很多的困难和曲折，但回首过去，也使我懂得了很多、认识了很多，同时也总结了不少的经验和教训，为以后更好的工作奠定了坚实的基础。20XX年已经到来，在这新的一年里我将不断地完善自身的不足，总结经验和教训，不断加强自身专业技术水平和业务素质的提高，不断的充实自己。我坚信在公司领导和各位同事的大力帮助下一定能更好完成我的各项工作任务，为公司做出自己应有的贡献。专业监理工程师：xx二零一三年一月十五号20XX年职称英语理工类考B级模拟习题20XX-12-2416:07:31

作者:【大

中

小】浏览:123次评论:0条第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)1.Marsha

（confessed）

that

she

knew

nothing

of

puter.A.

reportedB.

admittedC.

hopedD.

answered【参考答案】B2.A

number

of

theories

have

been

（proposed）

to

explain

the

situation.A.

testedB.

suggestedC.

usedD.

announced【参考答案】B3.They

（converted）

the

spare

bedroom

into

an

office.微信号：shjpx2022A.

reducedB.

turnedC.

movedD.

reformed【参考答案】B4.She

can

be

（relied

on）

in

a

crisis.A.

depended

onB.

looked

afterC.

believed

inD.

turned

on【参考答案】A5.His

long-term

（goal）

is

to

set

up

his

own

business.A.

ideaB.

energyC.

orderD.

aim【参考答案】D6.The

test

produced

（disappointing）

results.A.

indirectB.

similarC.

positiveD.

unsatisfactory【参考答案】D7.She

gets

（aggressive）

when

she

is

drunk.A．worriedB．sleepyC．anxiousD．offensive【参考答案】D8.“There

is

no

other

choice,“

she

saidin

a

（harsh）

voice.A．unkindB．firmC．softD．deep【参考答案】A9.That

performance

was

（pretty）

impressive.A．pletelyB．beautifullyC．veryD．equally【参考答案】C10.He

was

（tempted）

by

the

high

salaryoffered

by

the

微信号：shjpx2022pany.A．attractedB．taughtC．keptD．changed【参考答案】A11.She

only

needs

a

（minute）

amount

of

money．A．certainB．fairC．fullD．small【参考答案】D12.We

had

trouble

finding

a

（pure）

water

supply．A．typicalB．pleteC．cleanD．clear【参考答案】C13.On

the

table

was

a

vase

filled

with

（artificial）

flowers．A．wildB．freshC．lovelyD．false【参考答案】D14.The

（Contempt）

he

felt

for

his

fellow

students

was

obvious．A．hateB．needC．loveD．pity【参考答案】A15.He

（inspired）

many

young

people

to

take

up

the

sport．A．encouragedB．allowedC．calledD．advised【参考答案】A第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）Lakes,

Too,

Feel

Global

WarmingThere＇s

no

doubt:

In

the

last

few

decades,

the

average

temperature

on

Earth

has

been

higher

than

it＇s

been

in

hundreds

of

years.

Around

the

world,

people

are

starting

to

measure

the

effects

of

global

warming

-

and

trying

to

figure

out

what

to

do

about

it.Scientists

recently

used

satellites

to

study

the

temperatures

of

lakes

around

the

world,

and

they

found

that

lakes

are

heating

up.Between

1985

and

2022,

satellites

recordedthe

nighttime

temperatures

of

the

surfaces

of

167

lakes.

During

those

24

years,

the

lakes

got

warmer

-

by

an

average

of

about

0.045

degree

Celsius

per

year.In

some

places,

lakes

have

been

warming

by

as

much

as

0.10

degree

Celsius

per

year.

At

that

rate,

a

lake

may

warm

by

a

full

degree

Celsius,

or

1.8

degrees

Fahrenheit,

in

just

10

years.

That

difference

may

seem

small

-

you

might

not

even

notice

it

in

your

bathtub.

But

in

a

lake,

slightly

warmer

temperatures

could

mean

more

algae,

and

algae

can

make

the

lake

poisonous

to

fish.The

study

shows

that

in

some

regions,

微信号：shjpx2022lakes

are

warming

faster

than

the

air

around

them.

This

is

important

because

scientists

often

use

measurements

of

air

temperature

to

study

how

the

Earth

is

warming.

By

using

lake

temperatures

as

well,

scientists

can

get

a

better

picture

of

global

warming.The

scientists

say

data

on

lakes

give

scientists

a

new

way

to

measure

the

impact

of

climate

change

around

the

world.That＇s

going

to

be

useful,

since

no

country

is

too

big

or

too

small

to

ignore

climate

change.

Scientists

aren＇t

the

only

ones

concerned.

Everyone

who

lives

on

Earth

is

going

to

be

affected

by

therapidwarming

of

the

p微信号：shjpx2022la.Many

world

leaders

believe

we

might

be

able

to

do

something

about

it,

especially

by

reducing

the

amount

of

greenhouse

gases

we

put

into

the

air.That＇s

why

the

United

Nations

started

the

Framework

Convention

on

Climate

Change,

or

UNFCCC.

Every

year

the

convention

meets,

and

representatives

from

countries

around

the

world

gather

to

talk

about

climate

change

and

discuss

global

solutions

to

the

challenges

of

a

warming

world.16

Scientist

have

been

keeping

records

of

lake

temperatures

for

over

30

years.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【参考答案】B

文中第二段提到科学家在

1985

到

2022年的24年间不断地测量湖泊的夜间温度。然

而，题干认为科学家对湖泊温度的测量超过

30

年，与文章本意不符。17

The

temperatures

of

lakes

around

the

world

have

increased

greatly

between

1985

and

2022.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【参考答案】B

文中第二段最后两句话提到科学家连续

24年测量了世界上

167个湖泊的夜间温度。测量的结果是这些湖泊的温度每年增长

0.045

度。题干中认为的“世界的湖泊温度大幅增

长“的表达不符合文章本意。18

Lakes

seem

to

be

warming

faster

in

Asia.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【参考答案】C

文章第三段第一句话只提到了有些地方湖泊的温度增长可以每年达到O.

1

摄氏度，但并没有说是亚洲湖泊，因此本题的答案应是选项

C，“没有提及“。19

A

slight

temperature

increase

in

a

lake

could

be

harmful

to

fish.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【参考答案】

A

文章第三段最后一句话提到“一个湖泊水温的轻微升高都会导致水藻增多，并且水

藻使得湖泊有毒而不适合鱼类生存“，因此本文题干表达的意思符合文章本意，选择答案A。20

Scientists

generally

focus

on

air

temperatures

when

studying

global

warming.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【参考答案】A

文章第四段第二句话提到“科学家经常使用对空气温度的测量值来研究地球变暖的情况“，因此题干表达的意思与文章本意相符。答案为

A。21

Globle

warming

is

less

threatening

to

small

countries.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【参考答案】B

文章第五段第一句话提到“世界上没有哪个国家会很大或很小以至于不用关注气候

的变化“，因此，题干中提到的“一些小国家受到气候变暖的威胁比较小“与文章本意不符。答案为B。22

UNFCCC＇s

annual

meeting

will

be

held

in

Mexico

this

year.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【参考答案】C

文章最后一段提到了“联合国气候变化框架公约“的年会，但是没有提到今年的会议在墨西哥举行，所以题干中提到的信息在文中没有显示。答案为

C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)Ecosystem1.

The

word

“ecosystem“

is

short

for

ecological

(生态的)

system.

An

ecosystem

is

whereliving

creatures

expand

within

a

given

area.

You

can

say

that

an

ecosystem

is

the

naturalenvironment

where

biological

organisms

(生物)

such

as

plants,

animals

and

humans

co-existin

this

world.

So

naturally

that

includes

you

and

me.

Yes,

we

are

all

members

of

anecosystem

!2.

There

are

different

kinds

of

ecosystems

depending

on

the

type

of

surface

or

environment.Most

are

naturally

made

such

as

the

ocean

or

lake

and

the

desert

or

rainforest.

Some

areman-made

or

artificial

to

encourage

co-habitation

(合居)

between

living

and

non-livingthings

in

a

monitored

environment,

such

as

a

zoo

or

garden.3.

Plants

make

up

the

biggest

group

of

biological

creatures

within

an

ecosystem,

and

that＇sbecause

they

are

the

natural

food

producers

for

everyone.

Plants

raised

in

the

earth

need

airand

collect

sunlight

to

help

them

grow.

When

they

grow,

the

plants

and

its

fruits

or

flowerseventually

bee

a

source

of

food

to

animals,

microorganisms

(微生物

)

and

evenhumans,

of

course.

Food

is

then

converted

to

energy

for

the

rest

of

us

to

function,

and

thishappens

in

a

never-ending

cycle

until

the

living

creatures

die

and

break

up

back

in

the

earth.4.

Ecosystems

are

the

basis

of

survival

for

all

living

things.

We

depend

on

plants

and

animalsfor

food.

In

order

for

us

to

exist,

we

need

to

grow

and

care

about

other

organisms.

We

alsoneed

to

care

for

the

non-living

things

within

our

environment

like

our

air

and

water

so

we

cancontinue

living

as

a

population.

Since

plants,

animals

and

humans

are

all

of

various

species(物种),

we

all

play

a

role

in

maintaining

the

ecosystem.5.

To

preserve

our

ecosystems,

we

should

stop

using

too

much

energy,

which

happens

when

weconsume

more

than

our

share

of

resources.

Humans

should

not

disturb

the

natural

habitat

(

栖息地)

of

plants

and

animals,

and

allow

them

to

grow.

healthily

for

the

cycle

to

continue.Too

many

people

in

a

habitat

can

mean

displacement

(搬迁)：

imagine

being

thrown

out

ofyour

home

because

there

is

no

more

space

for

everyone.

Worse,

overpopulation

can

also

ruinthe

environment

and

cause

destruction

of

existing

plants

and

animals.23、Paragraph

2_______A．What

can

we

do

to

help

protect

ecosystems?B．What

are

different

types

of

ecosystems?C．What

is

an

ecosystem?D．What

destroys

ecosystems?E．How

does

an

ecosystem

work?F．Why

are

ecosystems

important?【参考答案】B【题干】第二段的主要内容是______。【解析】第二段的首句是主题句，根据不同表面或环境类型有不同种类的生态系统，所以本段就是解释ecosystem的不同种类的。故B(生态系统有哪些不同的类型)是正确答案。24、

Paragraph

3_______A．What

can

we

do

to

help

protect

ecosystems?B．What

are

different

types

of

ecosystems?C．What

is

an

ecosystem?D．What

destroys

ecosystems?E．How

does

an

ecosystem

work?F．Why

are

ecosystems

important?【参考答案】E【题干】第三段主要内容是______。【解析】第三段没有主题句，本段的大意是植物通过空气和阳光生长，其果实和花朵最后变为动物、微生物以及人类的食物，就这样不断循环，生态体系得以持续，故E(生态体系是如何运作的)为最佳答案。25、

Paragraph

4_______A．What

can

we

do

to

help

protect

ecosystems?B．What

are

different

types

of

ecosystems?C．What

is

an

ecosystem?D．What

destroys

ecosystems?E．How

does

an

ecosystem

work?F．Why

are

ecosystems

important?【参考答案】F【题干】第四段主要内容______。【解析】第四段首句是主题句，首先生态体系是所有生物生存的根本，接着说明了生态体系中各种生物阃相互依赖才能生存下去。故F(生态体系为什么重要)是正确答案。26、

Paragraph

5_______A．What

can

we

do

to

help

protect

ecosystems?B．What

are

different

types

of

ecosystems?C．What

is

an

ecosystem?D．What

destroys

ecosystems?E．How

does

an

ecosystem

work?F．Why

are

ecosystems

important?【参考答案】A【题干】第五段主要内容是______。【解析】第五段首句是主题句，为了保护我们的生态系统，我们应该停止使用太多的能量，因为这会使我们消耗的超过我们能共享的资，故A(我们为了保护生态体系应该做些什么)是正确答案。27、

In

an

ecosystem,

plants,

animals

and

humans

live

together

in_______A．our

share

of

resourcesB．a

biological

creatureC．a

given

areaD．the

maintenance

of

the

ecosystemE．the

source

of

foodF．various

species【参考答案】C【题干】在生态体系中，动植物以及人类一起生活在______。【解析】根据第一段第二句可知，生态系统是某一特定区域内的生物扩大化。故

选C。28、

Plants

are

essential

in

an

ecosystem

because

to

other

living

creatures

they

are_______A．our

share

of

resourcesB．a

biological

creatureC．a

given

areaD．the

maintenance

of

the

ecosystemE．the

source

of

foodF．various

species【参考答案】E【题干】植物在生态体系中很重要，因为对于其他生物来说他们是______。【解析】根据第三段第一句话可知植物是其他生物的天然食物。故选E。29、

Plants,

animals

and

humans

are

all

effective

in_______A．our

share

of

resourcesB．a

biological

creatureC．a

given

areaD．the

maintenance

of

the

ecosystemE．the

source

of

foodF．various

species【参考答案】D【题干】动植物以及人类在______上都发挥着作用。【解析】根据第四段最后一句话可知，动植物在维护生态体系上都发挥着作用。故选D。30、

To

protect

our

ecosystems

we

should

not

use

more

than_______A．our

share

of

resourcesB．a

biological

creatureC．a

given

areaD．the

maintenance

of

the

ecosystemE．the

source

of

foodF．various

species【参考答案】A【题干】为保护环境，我们应该使用不多于______。【解析】根据第五段第一句话可知，本文作者倡导我们应该节约our

share

of

resources，使用的资不要超过自己的那一份。故选A。第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)Graphene’s

SuperstrengthBig

technology

es

in

tiny

packages．New

Cell

phones

and

personal

puters

get

smaller

every

vear，which

means

these

electronics

require

even

smaller

ponents

on

the

inside．Engineers

are

100—king

for

Creative

ways

to

Build

these

ponents，and

they’ve

turned

their

eyes

to

graphene，a

super—thin

material，made

of

Carbon，that

Could

Change

the

future

of

electronics．This

year，s

Nobel

Prize

for

Physics

has

Been

awarded

to

Andre

Geim

and

Kostya

Novoselov

from

the

University

of

Manchester，UK

for

the

Discovery

of

graphene．Graphene

isn’t

just

small，it＇s

“the

thinnest

Dossible

materialin

this

world．”says

Novosetov．He

Calls

it

a

“wonder

material．”It’s

so

thin

that

you

would

need

to

stack

about

25，000

sheets

just

to

make

a

pile

as

thick

as

a

piece

of

ordinary

white

paper．If

you

were

to

hold

a

sheet

of

graphene

in

your

fingers，you’d

have

no

idea

Because

you

wouldn’t

Be

able

to

see

it．

Carbon

is

one

of

the

most

abundant

elements

in

the

universe．Every

known

kind

of

life

Contains

Carbon．Graphene

is

a

sheet

of

Carbon，but

only

one

atom

thick．You

Don’t

have

to

look

far

to

find

gra—phene—it’s

all

around

you．If

you

want

this

high—tech

wonder

stuff，all

you

need

is

a

pencil，paper

and

a

little

adhesive

tape.

Use

the

Dencil

to

shade

a

small

area

on

the

paper，and

then

apply

a

small

piece

of

adhesive

tape

over

the

area．When

you

pull

up

the

tape，you’11

see

that

it

pulls

up

a

thin

layer

of

some

of

the

shading

from

your

pencil．That

layer

isCalled

graphite，one

of

the

softest

minerals

in

the

world．Now

stick

the

same

piece

of

tape

on

another

sheet

of

paper

and

pull

the

tape

up—there

shouldBean

even

thinner

layer，this

time

left

on

the

paper．Now

imagine

that

youDo

this

over

and

over，until

you

get

the

thinnest

possible

layer

of

material

on

the

paper．This

layer

would

Be

only

one

atom

thick.

and

vou

wouldn，tBe

able

to

see

it．Graphite

is

made

of

layers

of

graphene．so

when

you

get

to

the

thin—

nest

possible

layer，you’ve

found

graphene．31．What

would

Change

the

future

of

electronics

according

to

engineers?A．Personal

puter．B．Big

technology．C．Graphene．D．Creative

ways．【参考答案】C【解析】题意：工程师会通过什么来改变电子产品的未来?题干中的【关键词】：^p为“the

future

of

electronics”，按题干中的【关键词】：^p回原文查读，they’ve

turned

their

eyes

to

graphene，a

super—thin

material，made

of

carbon，that

could

change

the

future

of

electronics．可知the

future

of

electronics之前的that指代的是graphene。所以C选项是正确的。32．Which

of

the

following

statements

about

graphene

is

true?A．It

is

visible

to

the

human

eye．B．It

is

possibly

the

thinnest

material

in

the

world．C．It

Can

Be

used

to

make

paper．D．Finding

it

Demands

time

and

money．【参考答案】B【解析】题意：关于石墨烯的说法，下面哪项是正确的?此类题目有两种方法，一种是排除法，一种是直选法。本题B选项的说法在文中有原文提示：it’s

“the

thinnest

possible

material

in

this

world．”says

Novoselov。所以可以很肯定地选B。33．The

word

“apply”

in

paragraph

4

Could

Be

used

to

replaceBy?A．Push．B．Find．C．Collect．D．Put．【参考答案】D【解析】题意：第四段中的“apply“

以用什么词来代替?Apply出现在此句中：Use

the

pencil

to

shade

a

small

area

on

the

paper，and

then

apply

a

small

piece

of

adhesive

tape

over

the

area．句子意思是用铅笔在纸上涂黑一小块儿，然后把胶带纸粘在上面。apply的意思可以理解为“使用，放”。题目所给的四个选项分别为A项“推”；B项“发现”；C项“收集’，D项“放”。可见put更贴合句意。所以选D。34．WhatDoes

the

writer

tell

in

the

last

two

paragraphs?A．An

easy

way

to

find

graphene．B．Significance

of

the

Discovery

of

graphene．C．Development

of

high-tech

wonders．D．Possible

applications

of

graphene．【参考答案】A【解析】题意：最后两段作者想说明的是什么?最后两段作者通过详细的步骤描述，告诉读者如何从铅笔画到纸上的涂黑区域得到石墨烯。所以A选项是正确的。35．Graphene’s

super

strength

lies

in

the

fact

that__________.A．1t

is

the

thinnest

material

in

the

world．B．It

is

made

of

the

most

abundant

elements

in

the

world．C．It

Can

help

to

make

electronic

ponents

smaller.D．It

helps

engineers

to

produce

more

sensitive

electronic

products.【参考答案】C【解析】题意：石墨烯的超强实力在于什么?这个问题的答案要回到开篇去寻找，作者在第一段点明：新的电子产品需要元器件的体积小。并以此展开对石墨烯的论述。所以C选项It

can

help

to

make

electronic

ponents

smaller是正确的。When

Our

Eyes

Serve

Our

StomachOur

senses

aren＇t

just

delivering

a

strict

view

of

what＇s

going

on

in

the

world;

they＇re

affected

by

what＇s

going

on

in

our

heads.

A

new

study

finds

that

hungry

people

see

food-relatedwords

more

clearly

than

people

who＇ve

just

eaten.Psychologists

have

known

for

decades

that

what＇s

going

on,

inside

our

head

affects

oursenses.

For

exle,

poorer

children

think

coins

are

larger

than

they

are,

and

hungry

peoplethink

pictures

of

food

are

brighter.

Remi

Radel

of

University

of

Nice

Sophia-Antipolis,

France,wanted

to

investigate

how

this

happens.

Does

it

happen

right

away

as

the

brain

receives

signalsfrom

the

eyes

or

a

little

later

as

the

brain＇s

high-level

thinking

processes

get

involved?Radel

recruited

42

students

with

a

normal

body

mass

index.

On

the

day

of

his

or

her

test,each

student

was

told

to

arrive

at

the

lab

at

noon

after

three

or

four

hours

of

not

eating.

Thenthey

were

told

there

was

a

delay.

Some

were

told

to

e

back

in

10

minutes;

others

weregiven

an

hour

to

get

lunch

first.

So

half

the

students

were

hungry

when

they

did

the

experimentand

the

other

half

had

just

eaten.For

the

experiment,

the

participant

looked

at

a

puter

screen.

One

by

one,

80

wordsflashed

on

the

screen

for

about

1/300th

of

a

second

each.

They

flashed

at

so

small

a

size

that

thestudents

could

only

consciously

perceive.

A

quarter

of

the

words

were

food-related.

After

eachword,

each

person

was

asked

how

bright

the

word

was

and

asked

to

choose

which

of

two

wordsthey＇d

seen

--

a

food-related

word

like

cake

or

a

neutral

word

like

boat.

Each

word

appearedtoo

briefly

for

the

participant

to

really

read

it.Hungry

people

saw

the

food-reiated

words

as

brighter

and

were

better

at

identifying

food-related

words.

Because

the

word

appeared

too

quickly

for

them

to

be

reliably

seen,

this

meansthat

the

difference

is

in

perception

,

not

in

thinking

processes,

Radel

says.“This

is

something

great

to

me.

Humans

can

really

perceive

what

they

need

or

what

theystrive

for.

From

the

experiment,

I

know

that

our

brain

can

really

be

at

the

disposal

of

ourmotives

and

needs,“

Radel

says.36、“Poorer

children“

and

“hungry

people“

are

mentioned

in

Paragraph

2

to

show_______.A．humans＇

senses

are

influenced

by

what＇s

going

on

in

their

headsB．they

have

sharper

senses

than

othersC．they

lose

their

senses

because

of

poverty

and

hungerD．humans＇

senses

are

affected

by

what

they

see

with

their

eyes【参考答案】A【题干】第二段中提及的“贫困的小孩”和“饥饿的人”是为了表明______。A．人类的感觉被头脑中的活动影响B．他们比其他人的感觉更敏锐C．他们因为贫穷和饥饿而丧失了感觉D．人们的感觉受到视觉的影响【解析】细节题。根据第二段第一句可知数十年J,X来，心理学家已经知道我们的大脑活动直接影响到我们的感觉，接下来就以“poorerchildren”和“hungry

people”为例来论证。故A项是正确答案。37、

There

was

a

delay

in

Radel＇s

experiment

becauseA．he

needed

more

students

to

joinB．he

didn＇t

prepare

enough

food

for

the

42

studentsC．he

wanted

two

groups

of

participants,

hungry

and

non-hungryD．he

didn＇t

want

to

have

the

experiment

at

noon【参考答案】C【题干】在拉德尔实验中有一个延迟，因为。A．他需要更多的学生加入B．他没有为42个学生准备足够的食物C．他想用两组参与者：饥饿的和不饥饿的D．他不想在中午的时候进行试验【解析】细节推理题。根据【关键词】：^p“a

delay”定位到第三段第三句可知拉德尔告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，仅从这句话并不能找到答案，需要联系上文。第一段有句话“A

new

study

finds

that

hungry

people

see

food-related

words

moreclearly

than

people

wh0’ve

just

eaten．”可知一项新研究发现：比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。而拉德尔的实验是为了进行这项研究，那么就需要“饥饿”和“不饥饿”两组人。故C是正确答案。38、

Why

did

the

80

words

flash

so

fast

and

at

so

small

a

size

on

the

screen?A．To

ensure

the

participant

was

unable

to

perceive

anything.B．To

guarantee

each

word

came

out

at

the

same

speed

and

size.C．To

shorten

the

time

of

the

experiment.D．To

make

sure

the

participant

had

no

time

to

think

consciously.【参考答案】D【题干】在如此小的屏幕上，为什么80字闪得那么快?A．保证参与者不能察觉到任何事情B．保证每个字都是以同样的速度和大小出来的C．缩短实验的时间D．确定参与者没有时间下意识地思考【解析】细节题。根据文中第四段第二、三句“One

by

one，80

words

flashed

onthe

screen

forabout

l／300th

of

a

second

each．Theyflashed

at

SO

small

a

sizethat

the

students

could

only

consciously

perceive．”可知屏幕上的80个字以1／300秒的频率闪动，由于字体非常之小，被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。故D(为了确保参与者没有时间下意识地思考)是正确答案。39、

Radel＇s

experiment

discovered

that

hungry

people_______.A．were

more

sensitive

to

food-related

words

than

stomach-full

peopleB．were

better

at

identifying

neutral

wordsC．were

always

thinking

of

food-related

wordsD．saw

every

word

more

clearly

than

stomach-full

people【参考答案】A【题干】拉德尔的实验中发现，饥饿的人——______。A．对与食物相关的词比起饱腹的人更敏感]B．更好地鉴别中性的词C．总是想到与食物相关的词D．比饱腹的人看每个词更清楚【解析】细节题。根据文中第五段首句“Hungry

people

saw

the

food—related

wordsasbrighter

and

were

better

at

identifying

food—relatedwords．”可知饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。故A是正确答案。40、

It

can

be

learnt

from

what

Radel

says

that_______.A．humans＇

thinking

processes

are

independent

of

their

sensesB．an

experiment

with

hungry

and

non-hungry

participants

is

not

reliableC．humans

can

perceive

what

they

need

without

deep

thinking

processesD．42

participants

are

too

small

a

number

for

a

serious

investigation【参考答案】C【题干】从拉德尔说的可以了解到______。A．人类思维模式与感觉是独立的B．对饥饿的和不饥饿的参与者进行的实验，是不可靠的C．人们在不进行深层思考的时候也能察觉到他们需要什么D．42个参与者对于一个严肃的调查来讲，数量太少【解析】细节题。根据文中最后一段第二句“Humans

can

really

perceive

what

they

need

01“what

they

strive

for．”可知人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。故C(没有深刻的思维过程人类就可以感知他们所需要的东西)是正确答案。How

To

Be

A

Successful

BusinessmanHave

you

ever

wondered

why

some

people

are

successful

in

business

and

others

are

not?

Here＇s

a

story

about

one

successful

businessperson.

He

started

out

washing

dishes

and

today

he

owns

168

restaurants.Zubair

Kazi

was

born

in

Bhatkal,

a

small

town

in

southwest

India.

His

dream

was

to

be

an

airplane

pilot,

and

when

he

was

16

years

old,

he

learned

to

fly

a

small

plane.At

the

age

of

23

and

with

just

a

little

money

in

his

pocket,

Mr.

Kazi

moved

to

the

United

States.

He

hoped

to

get

a

job

in

the

airplane

industry

in

California.

Instead,

he

ended

up

working

for

a

pany

that

rented

cars.While

Mr.

Kazi

was

working

at

the

car

rental

(租赁的)

pany,

he

frequently

ate

at

a

nearby

KFC

restaurant.

To

save

money

on

food,

he

decided

to

get

a

job

with

KFC.

For

two

months,

he

worked

as

cook＇s

assistant.

His

job

was

to

clean

the

kitchen

and

help

the

cook.

“I

didn＇t

like

it,“

Mr.

Kazi

says,

“but

I

always

did

the

best

I

could.“One

day,

Mr.

Kazi＇s

two

co-workers

failed

to

e

to

work.

That

day,

Mr.

Kazi

did

the

work

of

all

three

people

in

the

kitchen.

This

really

impressed

the

owners

of

the

restaurant.

A

few

months

later,

the

owners

needed

a

manager

for

a

new

restaurant.

They

gave

the

job

to

Mr.

Kazi.

He

worked

hard

as

the

manager

and

soon

the

restaurant

was

making

a

profit.A

few

years

later,

Mr.

Kazi

heard

about

a

restaurant

that

was

losing

money.

The

restaurant

was

dirty

inside

and

food

was

terrible.

Mr.

Kazi

borrowed

money

from

a

bank

and

bought

the

restaurant.

For

the

first

six

months,

Mr.

Kazi

worked

in

the

restaurant

from

8

a.m.

to

10

p.m.,

seven

days

a

week.

He

and

his

wife

cleaned

up

the

restaurant,

remodeled

the

front

of

the

building,

and

improved

the

cooking.

They

also

tried

hard

to

please

the

customers.

If

someone

had

to

wait

more

than

ten

minutes

for

their

food,

Mrs.

Kazi

gave

them

a

free

soda.

Before

long

the

restaurant

was

making

a

profit.A

year

later,

Mr.

Kazi

sold

his

restaurant

for

a

profit.

With

the

money

he

earned,

he

bought

three

more

restaurants

that

were

losing

money.

Again,

he

cleaned

them

up,

improved

the

food,

and

retrained

the

employees.

Before

long

these

restaurants

were

making

a

profit

,

too.Today

Mr.

Kazi

owns

168

restaurants,

but

he

isn＇t

planning

to

stop

there.

He＇s

looking

for

more

poorly

managed

restaurants

to

buy.

“I

love

it

when

I

go

to

buy

a

restaurant

and

find

it＇s

a

mess,“

Mr.

Kazi

says.

“The

only

way

it

can

go

is

up.“41.

When

Mr.Kazi

was

young,

his

dreams

was

toA.

sell

carsB.

own

a

restaurantC.

be

an

airplane

pilotD.

because

a

good

cook【参考答案】C

第二段里讲得很清楚。42.

Mr.Kazi

decided

to

word

with

KFC

toA.

learn

how

to

cookB.

save

money

for

a

carC.

save

money

on

foodD.

learn

how

to

run

a

restaurant【参考答案】C

见第四段里的这句话：To

save

money

on

food,

he

decided

to

get

a

job

with

KFC.43.

Mr.Kazi

became

the

manager

of

a

new

restaurant

becauseA.

his

co-workers

praised

himB.

he

was

a

good

cookC.

he

knew

how

to

run

a

restaurantD.

he

worked

very

hard【参考答案】D

答题依据可见第五段。44.

To

save

a

failing

restaurant,

Mr.Kazi

did

all

the

following

things,

EXCEPT

toA.

advertize

for

itB.

clean

it

upC.

improve

the

foodD.

retrain

the

employees【参考答案】A

在第六、七段里都提到他为挽救一个濒临倒闭的饭店所采取的种种措施，其中没有

做广告这一项。45.

In

the

last

paragraph,

“it＇s

a

mess

“meansA.

it＇s

smallB.

it＇s

dirtyC.

it＇s

profitableD.

it＇s

cheap【参考答案】B

mess

的意思就是

“一团糟“。第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)A

Doctor

in

the

HouseBrushing

your

teeth

twice

a

day

should

keep

the

dentist

away.

But

if

a

group

of

scientificresearchers

have

their

wish,

it

will

make

the

rest

of

your

body

healthy

too.

_______

(46)

It

isone

of

many

gadgets

(小装置)

proposed

by

engineers

and

doctors

at

the

Center

for

FutureHealth

in

New

York

——

others

include

a

pair

of

glasses

that

help

to

jog

your

memory,

and

ahome

camera

designed

to

check

for

cancer.The

devices

seem

fanciful,

but

the

basic

principles

are

simple.

The

gadgets

should

make

iteasy

for

people

to

detect

illness

long

before

it

strikes

and

so

seek

treatment

far

earlier

thannormal.

_______(47)

In

the

long

run,

the

technology

may

even

prevent

illness

byencouraging

us

to

lead

healthier

lives.Intelligent

bandages

(绷带)

are

a

good

exle.

Powerful

sensors

within

the

bandagecould

quickly

identify

tiny

amounts

of

bacteria

in

a

wound

and

determine

which

antibiotics

(

抗生素)

would

work

best.

_______

(48).Socks

are

long

overdue

for

a

makeover.

In

the

future

they

will

be

able

to

automaticallydetect

the

amount

of

pressure

in

your

foot

and

alert

you

when

an

ulcer

(溃疡)

is

ing

up.All

the

projects

should

have

far-reaching

implications,

but

the

biggest

single

development

is

a

melanoma

(黑瘤)

monitor

designed

to

give

early

warnings

of

cancer.

_______

(49).

If

aproblem

is

found,

the

system

would

advise

you

to

get

a

check-up

at

your

doctor＇s

surgery.If

all

this

sounds

troublesome,

then

help

is

at

hand.

_______

(50).

A

standard

puterwould

be

able

to

understand

your

voice

and

answer

questions

about

your

symptoms

in

plainEnglish

and

in

a

way

which

would

calm

your

nerves.46、请在第____处填上正确答案。A．The

device

could

be

used

to

take

a

picture

of

your

body

each

week,

then

pare

it

with

previous

imagesB．That

is

going

to

be